最新常用介词短语总结上课讲义

常用介词短语总结

一、近义介词短语辨析

1. 表示原因(通常在句中作状语)

1) because of:表示实际原因(表达一种较强的因果关系)

2) on account of:常用来引述逻辑、理性和事实因素

3) out of + 抽象名词:常用来引述心理、情感因素,如out of one’s own will(出于自愿)

4) owing / due to:着重把原因归于某事物,既可作状语又可作定语,due to还可以作后置定语,如:Mistakes due to carelessness may cause serious consequence. 由于粗心犯的错误也许会引起严重的后果。

5) thanks to:后面通常接表示积极意义的原因,意为"多亏,幸亏由于"。例句:

He walked slowly because of his bad leg. 他腿不好,所以走得很慢。

Michel and Billy, on account of their wide experiences in climbing, were voted leaders. 迈克尔与贝利由于有丰富的登山经验,被选为队长。

She did it out of sympathy. 她这样做是出于同情。

Most of the problems were owing/due to human errors. 大部分问题都是由于人为的错误造成的。

Thanks to your energy and intelligence, the development scheme has been finally realized. 多亏了你的精力和智慧,这项发展计划终于实现了。

2. 表示排除

1) with the exception of意义与except, except for相同,但比它们正式

2) apart from (=美式英语中的aside from)是个复合介词,既可表示"除……之外",相当于except (for), 又可以表示"除……之外,(还,也)"相当于besides。例句: They all passed the physics examination with the exception of Tom. 除汤姆外他们物理考试都及格了。

We had a smooth journey apart from(= except for) a flat tyre. 我们一路上很顺利,只是车胎漏了一次气。

Apart from(= besides) a flat tyre, we had broken brakes. 我们不但车胎漏了气,而且刹车也出了毛病。

3.表示"有关,关于"

1) 表示"关于"的介词:concerning(较为正式),respecting(关于,至

于),regarding(关于,就……而论,在……方面)等

He quarreled with his neighbor concerning the house. 他因房子问题和邻居发生了争吵。

I’m at a loss respecting his whereabouts. 我全然不知道他的踪迹。

Regarding the punishment, what would you advise?

就这种处罚来说,你有什么意见？

2)表示"关于"的介词短语:with respect to(关于,就……而言)；in respect

of(就……而论,在……方面)；in / with regard to, in / with reference to,

in connection with也都表示"(正式用语)关于,有关"；as for和as to在用于句首表示"至于"时区别不大,可以互相通用,但as to表示"关于"时不能和as for 互换,相当于about和concerning。

4. 表示"在……之前"

1) ahead of意为in advance of,可表示"(在空间或时间上比某人或某事物)更前,更早"；还可表示"领先,优于"

2) in front of 多指空间的前后关系,"在……正前方"

3) prior to(正式用语)指时间与重要性方面"在……之前"

4) previous to指时间与顺序上在……前

5) preparatory to意为in readiness for, as a preparation for, 为做准备而在……之前

6) on the eve of "在……前夕",如:on the eve of our examination / victory 在我们考试/胜利的前夕例句:

5. 表示"支持,赞成"

1) in support of 维护,支持,支援

Mr. Smith spoke in support of the motion. 史密斯先生发言支持这项提议。

2) in favor of 可指某人"支持,赞成",也可指事物"有利于……"

Are you in favor of the proposal? 你赞成此建议吗？The exchange rate is in our favor.

兑换率有利于我们。

6. 表示"鉴于,由于；根据,按照"

1)in the light of 按照,考虑到

He rewrote the book in the light of further research. 考虑到进一步的研究,他重写了那部书。

2)in terms of 就……而言,谈到

The job is great in terms of salary, but it has its disadvantages. 就薪水而言,这是份好工作。但它也有不足之处。

3)on the grounds of; on ... grounds 以……为理由/根据

Their request for a permission to open a mine was denied on environmental grounds. 基于对环境问题的考虑,他们开矿的请求没有被许可。

4)in accordance with 与……一致,书面语

5)according to 根据；按照A diplomat must act according to circumstances. 外交官必须会随机应变。

(二)形近义异介词短语辨析

1. ①all but 几乎,差一点(almost)；除了……都(all except)

②an ything but单单除……之外；根本不……

③nothing but 仅仅,只不过(only, no more than)

I all but stumbled. 我差一点摔跤。

I will eat anything but carrot. 我什么都吃,就是不吃胡萝卜。

He is anything but clever. 他根本不聪明。

The fellow is nothing but a fool. 那家伙不过是个傻瓜而已。

2. ①at a time 每次,一次

②at one time曾经,一度(once)；

同时(at the same time; simultaneously)He used to abandon his work for many months at a time. 他过去常常把工作一丢就是好几个月。

At one time she was the chairman of the board. 她曾担任董事会主席。

He was the chairman of the board and at one time he was also the president of the company. 他同时担任董事会主席和公司总裁。

3. ①at no time决不,从不(never; on no occasion)

②in no time立即,马上(in a very brief time)

At no time did I feel they were being unreasonable. 我从没觉得他们不讲理。

We’ll be there in no time.我们很快就会到那儿。

4. ①for the moment暂时(as far as the present time is concerned, although perhaps not later)

②at the moment此刻,现在(at present time; now)

③in a moment很快,一会儿(very soon)

For the moment we are content to watch and wait.目前我们甘心在一旁观察和等待。(暗含以后不甘于这样的意味)

I’m busy at the moment, but I’ll do it later. 这会儿我很忙,过后我会处理这件事的。

I am on the telephone now, but I will be with you in a moment. 我正打电话,一会儿就到你那儿去。

5. ①at present目前,现在(at the present time or moment; now)

②for the present暂时,暂且(temporarily)；就目前而言(as far as the present time is concerned意指某一情形目前存在着,但很可能会发生变化)

We don’t know at present who will win the election.现在我们还不知道谁将在选举中获胜。

For the present she continues with the antibiotics. 目前她还是继续使用抗生素。

6. ①out of question毫无疑问(without doubt; doubtless),作表语

②out of the question不可能的(not to be thought of as possible; not to be done),也作表语

③without question毫无疑问,毫无疑义(without arguing or asking why it is

necessary),作状语

The sabotage is out of question a fresh blow to international peace efforts. 那次阴谋破坏无疑对国际和平努力又是一个新的打击。

She knew that a holiday was out of the question this year.她知道今年不可能有假期。

Without question he is the brightest student in the school. 毫无疑问,他是全校最聪明的学生。

7. ①for oneself为自己

②to oneself 归于自己

③of oneself 由自己构成,出于自动

④in oneself在自身境界中,在自身属性中

⑤by oneself 自动地,单独地

8. ①on the contrary表示完全不赞同某一说法并提出与该说法"正相反,恰恰相反"的事实

②by / in contrast用于表示两个极不相同的事实之间的明显差异,意为"与此形成对照；相比之下"

—Does it rain a lot in the desert? 沙漠里下雨多吗？

—On the contrary, it hardly ever rains. 恰恰相反,那儿几乎从不下雨。

By/In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously. 相比之下,我们的石油用量增长巨大。

9. ①at the c ost of 以(某物)为代价,以牺牲某人的生命为代价

②at the expense of由……支付费用,以(损害或损失)……为代价

He saved the girl from drowning at the cost of his own life. 他舍身把溺水的姑娘救出来。

His successful career was at the expense of his social life. 他成功的职业生涯是以牺牲社交生活为代价的。

10. ①in the face of 面对,纵然遭遇(困难、问题等)而

②in the presence of / in one’s presence 某人在场的情况下,当着某人的面

③in front of也可表示当着某人的面

介词与其他词类的固定搭配

介词常常和形容词、名词、动词等构成固定搭配，以表示固定的意义。

(1).形容词与介词的固定搭配:

形容词与介词的固定搭配

{1} 形容词+about

Angry with对……生气anxious about担心calm about对……很平静

care bout小心careless about粗心certain about对……有把握

curious about对……好奇sure about确信doubtful about对……怀疑enthusiastic about对……热情的；热心的hopeful about对……抱希望

frank about对……坦白的；坦率的incredulous about对……不相信

{2} 形容词+at

clever at擅长于……expert at对……熟练的good at擅长于……

indignant at对……愤慨的quick at做……敏捷slow at 对……反应慢

surprised at对……吃惊

{3} 形容词+for

anxious for渴望的eligible for有资格的famous for因……而著名

fit for对某人适宜hungry for对……渴望late for迟到

possible for可能qualified for有资格的ready for准备好

responsible for对……负责necessary for为……所必需

{4} 形容词+from

absent from缺席free from使……摆脱prohibited from禁止某事物

safe from安全detached from分开某物different from与……不同

{5} 形容词+in

absorbed in专心于disappointed in对……失望experienced in有经验

expert in 在……熟练fortunate in有幸interested in对……感兴趣

rich in富于；盛产successful in在……成功

{6} 形容词+ of

afraid of害怕ashamed of羞耻aware of知道certain of确信

fond of喜爱guilty of有罪的proud of骄傲short of缺乏

sick of厌烦tired of厌倦worthy of值得

{7} 形容词+to

contrary to与……相反determined to有决心的equal to等于

familiar to为……所熟悉favorable to对……有利harmful to有害的

inclined to准备做某事indifferent to对……不在乎similar to相似；相同

{8} 形容词+with

angry with对……感到恼火annoyed at对……烦恼busy with忙于

crowded with拥挤familiar with精通；熟悉friendly with与……友好nervouse with对……感到紧张patient with对……有耐心popularwith受欢迎satified with对……满意

{9} 形容词+on

dependent on依靠intend on坚决；专心keen on热衷于某事物severe on严格的

(2). 名词与介词的固定搭配:

{1} 介词+名词。如：

at the cinema在电影院at university上大学from……point of view从某人的角度

for the sake of为了in poerty 在穷困中in earnest有决心的

on sale在出售on the average平均的on the contrary相反地

on the radio 通过收音机to some extent某种程度

to one’ssurprise让某人吃惊to one’sdelight让某人高兴

{2} 名词+介词。如：

dependence on依靠independence on不依靠

discussion about/on关于……的讨论hundres on数以百计的

thousands of成千上万的influence on对……的影响

explanationof/for对……的解释half of……的一半

the idea of……的主意lack of缺乏

proof of……的证据reason of……的原因

Responsibility for对……的责任success in/at在……成功

(3). 动词与介词的固定搭配:

{1} 动词+介词

1 跟介词“of'的搭配

assure sb. of sth．向(某人)保证(某事) convince sb．of sth．使(某人)信服(某事) be sure of sth．相信，确信persuade sb．of sth．劝说(某人)相信某事be aware of sth．意识到be conscious of sth. 意识到

inform sb．of sth．告诉；通知warn sb．of sth. 警告

remind sb. of sth．提醒suspect sb．of sth．怀疑

rob sb. of sth．抢劫；掠夺cheat sb．of sth．骗取，诈取

accuse sb．of sth．指控relieve sb．of sth．解除，缓解

cure sb．of (illness) 治愈consist of 组成

be made up of 组成be composed of 组成

be fond of 喜欢be short of 缺少

be tired of 厌倦be ignorant of 无知；不知道

be proud of 以．．．为豪be full of 充满

be considerate of 体谅；考虑周到boast of 夸耀

approve of 同意；批准repent of 后悔

take advantage of 利用take account of 考虑

make fun of 取笑(某人) make a fuss of 对……大惊小怪；小题大作

2 跟介词“to”的搭配

object to 反对oppose to 反对adhere to 坚持tick to 坚持

fasten to 拴在be chained to 依附；捆在cling to 依附，坚持

reply to 回答；答复respond to 答复；响应confess to 承认

confine sth. to sth. 限制；禁闭consent to 同意；答应submit to 服从；屈服be subject to 易受……影响，隶属be prior to 在前的；居头的prefer to 宁愿；喜欢

previous to 在……以前refer to 涉及；谈到；查阅apply to 适用于attach sth. to sth. 缚; be attached to sb. 依恋(某人)；attribute to 归功于contribute to捐款；贡献resort to采用(手段)等appeal to呼吁，要求，投合……所好owe ... to 归功于look forward to 期望；盼望hang on to 紧紧握住

be subsequent to 后于be loyal to 忠诚于be partial to 对...偏爱be sensitive to 对...敏感be similar to和...相似be superior to 优于

be inferior to 劣于be vital to 对……重要be alert to 警觉

be adequate to （对…而言）足够，适当

be contrary to 与……相反be familiar to 熟悉

be indifferent to 漠不关心；冷漠be reduced to 使陷入，沦为

be close to 接近于be up to （a certain job）胜任；适合于

be immune to 免疫appoint sb．to (a certain position) 任命commit sb．to sth.使某人承担义务entitle sb．to sth.给某人权利；entitle sth.给起名accommodate oneself to 使...适应adjust oneself to 使适应；调整

accustom oneself to 习惯于dedicate oneself to 献身于devote oneself to 献身于expose oneself to使暴露；使面临restrict oneself to限制resign oneself to顺从于；甘心于limit oneself to 限制commit oneself to 献身于

3 跟介词"from”的搭配·

tell ... from 区分；辨别distinguish．．．from 区分；辨别separate ... from 分；分开originate from 来源于

arise from 由……而产生；derive from 起源；由来

result from 由……而产生prevent sb. from 防止

prohibit sb. from 禁止；阻止deter sb. from 阻止；吓住

hinder ... from 阻止dissuade sb. from 劝说，

protect ... from 保护shield ... from 保护

keep from 阻止；隐满refrain from 忍住；抑制住

release ... from 解脱；释放restrain from 抑制；限制

immune ... from 免除exempt ... from 免除

rescue ... from 挽救，营救eliminate ... from 排除

secure sb. from 使某人安全；不受打击save ... from 挽救

escape from 躲避；逃脱find shelter from 躲避；庇护

free ... from 解除；使摆脱abstain from 回避；戒，弃权

differ from 不同defend ... from 保护；保卫

suffer ... from 遭受distract ... from 使分心

dismiss ... from 开除；解雇abstract from 从...提取

deduct …from 扣除；减去withdraw from 退出；撤退

vary from 不同deduce from 推断

preserve ... from 保护；保存extract …from 从……取出，设法得到be distinct from 不同

4 跟介词"for"的搭配

request for sth./ request to do sth. 要求seek for 寻求

appeal to sb. for sth. 请求,呼吁apply for sth. 申请

fit for 适合mistake ... for 误认为

hunger for 渴望wait for 等候

beg for sth. 乞求be bound for sw. 开往……的；

be responsible for 负责be suitable for 适合

be famous for 以……出名have a bent for sth. 爱好

have a desire for 要求；需要

5 跟介词“on”的搭配

depend on 依靠count on 依靠；指望

rely on 依靠；依赖be based on 把……基于

center on sth. 集中在……上be bent on sth. 坚决；一心要干某事

concentrate on 集中comment on 评论

congratulate sb. on sth. 祝贺operate on 动手术

put emphasis on sth. 强调insist on 坚持

be hard on sb. 过分严厉对待impose sth. on sb. 把……强加于be keen on 喜爱；渴望

6 跟介词“in”的搭配

believe in 相信consist in 在于，存在于

result in 导致persist in 坚持engage in 参加；从事

succeed in 成功be involved in sth. 卷入

invest in 投资be absorbed in 吸引，使专心

take part in 参加participate in 参加

take delight in 喜欢take pride in 以...自豪

be active in 积极参加have confidence in 信任have faith in 相信

{2} 动词+副词+介词

catch up with赶上；超过do well in在……方面做得好get on with与某人相处

go on with继续take care of关心take part in参加