被动语态的用法
被动语态的用法
学习被动语态的几个问题
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，表示句子中的主语是动作的承受者，汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意
义。
1. 被动语态的各种时态
被动语态（The Passive Voice）是动词的一种形式，表示主语是谓语动词的承受者。被动语态便于论述客观事实，故常用于科技文章、新闻报道、书刊介绍以及景物描写。被动语态没有将来进行时、过去将来进行时和完成进行时形式。
1）一般现在时The boy is called Johnson.
2）一般过去时Where were you educated?
3）一般将来时The result will not be announced until 6 o’clock.
4）现在进行时The road is being repaired.
5）过去进行时He was being looked after by his sister.
6）现在完成时She hasn’t been told about it yet.
7）过去完成时She told me that the factory had been closed down.
8）将来完成时This project will have been completed by the end of this year.
2. 主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题.
（1）时态保持一致。
The teacher punished him many times for his lateness.
He has been punished many times for his lateness.
（2）谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。
His best friend often looks after him.
被动语态He is often looked after by his best friend.
（3）主动语态中若有双宾语,将其中一个宾语变为被动句的主语,另一个宾语不变。动词make/buy/mend/get用for;动词give/show/pass/send/lend/bring/take用to)
Vivian gave me a book.
(被动1) I was given a book by Vivian.
(被动2) A book was given to me by Vivian.
（4）主动语态若有复合宾语，（即句子结构为主＋Vt＋宾＋宾补），将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补不变。
They call him Louis.
被动语态:He is called Louis.
（5）主动语态句中动词make, have, let(使sb做sth), notice. see. watch, look at, hear, listen to,
feel等变成被动语态时，后面的不定式需要加上to.
Mr. Lee made him wash the dishes.
被动语态:He was made to wash the dishes.
（6）主动形式表被动.
The poem reads well.
（7）有些动词不能用于被动语态take place/happen/come true/break down/break out等。
All your dreams will come true if you try your best.
3.不同时态的被动句
(1) 一般现在时的被动语态
I am not so easily deceived. 我不会轻易上当受骗的。
Computers are widely used in the world.
计算机在世界范围内得到广泛应用。
(2) 一般过去时的被动语态
The car was seriously damaged. 汽车受到严重损坏。
Printing was introduced into Europe from China.
印刷术是由中国传入欧洲的。
(3) 现在进行时的被动语态
The question is being discussed at the meeting.
这个问题现在正在会上讨论。
The children are being taken care of by their aunt.
孩子们现在正由其姑妈照看。
(4) 过去进行时的被动语态
When I called, tea was being served.
当我来访时，正值上茶之际。
When they arrived，the experiments were being made.
他们到达时，实验正在进行。
(5) 现在完成时的被动语态
The meeting has been put off. 会议已被推迟了。
The party has been planned since the new year.
这次聚会自新年起就已筹划了。
(6) 过去完成时的被动语态
By the end of last month,he had been robbed at least three times.
到上月底，他已被抢了至少三次。
(7) 将来完成时的被动语态
It is said that the building will have been completed before September.
据说大楼将于九月前竣工。
This class will have been taught by Mr Brown for two years by next summer.
到明年夏天，布朗先生在这两个班执教已有两年了。
2. 含有情态动词的被动语态
Water mustn't be wasted. 绝不能浪费水。
Electric energy can be changed into light enery.
电能可以转变成光能。
Cross the road very carefully. Look both ways, or you might be knocked down.
过马路时要特别小心，要往两边看，不然会被撞倒。
3. Get+过去分词构成的被动语态
Get＋过去分词也可以构成被动语态，用这种结构的句子侧重于动作的结果而不是动作本身。如：
the man got hurt on his way home. 那个男人在回家的路上受伤了。
Mary is going to get married. 玛丽准备结婚了。
How did the glass get broken? 杯子怎么破了？
4. 短语动词的被动语态
(1) 动词+介词
This matter has been talked about recently.
这件事近来一直被谈论着。
Such a thing has never been heard of before.
这样的事从未被听说过。
The old man was looked after carefully. 那位老人被精心照顾着。
He has never been listened to. 人家从不听他的话。
(2) 动词+副词
The sports meeting was put off. 运动会被推迟了。
A short play will be put on by them at the party.
一个短剧将要由他们在晚会上演出。
What he said must be thought over. 他说的话必须仔细思考。
(3) 其他短语动词
Privileges must be done away with. 特权必须被取消。
The light has just been turned off. 灯刚被关上。
Their plans are being carried out. 他们的计划正在执行中。
5. “主+动+宾+宾补”句型变为被动结构
这种句型有两个宾语，一般地说一为间接宾语，一为直接宾语。变为被动结构时，只将主动结构中的一个宾语变为被动结构中的主语，另一宾语不变。
We call him Xiao Wang. 我们叫他小王。（主动句）
He was called Xiao Wang. 他被叫做小王。（被动句）
He painted the table green. 他把桌子漆成了绿色。（主动句）
The table was painted green. 桌子被漆成了绿色。（被动句）
6. “主+动+that从句”句型的被动句
有些以that从句作宾语的主动句可以转换成两种形式的被动句。如：
People say that he is the richest man in the city.
人们说他是全市头号富翁。
→It is said that he is the richest man in the city.
据说他是全市头号富翁。
→He is said to be the richest man in the city.
据说他是全市头号富翁。
当说话人认为主动句的主语无关紧要，或者不清楚谁是谓语动作的发出者时，便常常使用上述形式的被动句。如：
It was reported that the boy had been found.
据报道，男孩已被找到。
The boy was reported to have been found.
据报道，男孩已被找到。
常用于上述被动句型的动词有：acknowledge, assume, believe, claim, consider, declare, estimate, expect, find, know, presume, report, say, think等。
7. 含有被动意义的主动语态
英语中有一些表示被动意义的主动句，其谓语所表示的不是主语的动作，而是其内在的性能。这种句子的特点是：主语为无生命名词，谓语动词为一般现在时；肯定句必须带方式状语；否定句的谓语可以带情态动词。如：
She is to blame. 她应该受到责备。
The house is to rent. 这个房子要出租。
Food can keep fresh in a fridge. 食物放在冰箱里能保鲜。
The pen writes smoothly. 这支钢笔很好写。
The cloth feels soft. 这布摸上去很柔软。
The cake tastes good. 这蛋糕很好吃。
练习题：
1.The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from ________(blow) the earth away.
2.Mr Smith kept on _____ (ask) the players to remember-----TEAMWORK
3.Alice didn't hear what the teacher said just now,so she doesn't know how ____ (do) the problem.
4.The policeman asked the old granny to put down her heavy box and let him ______ (carry) it for her.
5.用help,happen,listen,have,ask,be,plant,miss,leave,look的适当形式填空:
(1).WangHai is a good comrade.He always does his best ________others.
(2).Dig the hole big enough,or the trees can’t ___________well .
(3).It's time for class.Let's stop _______to the teacher.
(4).Her face turned red when she _______ to sing a song for all of us.
(5).She is older than Mary but ________much younger.
(6).--I can't find my keys.--Maybe you ___________ them in the pocket.
句型转换练习题
将下列主动句转换成被动句。
1. The government official told him not to waste time on fighting for rights.
__________________________________________________________________
2. I gave my cousin a toy at Christmas.
__________________________________________________________________
3. They should do it right now.
__________________________________________________________________
4. He is likely to let you down.
__________________________________________________________________
5. They named the boy Johnson.
__________________________________________________________________
6. The monster let the little girl clean the cave.
__________________________________________________________________
7. People in the town laugh at Hugh for his fancy dress.
__________________________________________________________________
被动语态第二讲
一、主动形式表示被动意义
英语的被动意义除了用及物动词的被动语态形式表示外，还可以用其他方法来表示，就像在汉语中并非一定要用“被”字来表
示的被动意义一样。
1、用某些不及物动词表示被动意义，如
carry,cut,drive,iron,keep,lock,open,pick,read,sell,shut,tear,wash,wear,
write等等。这类动词既能作及物动词，也能作不及物动词。作不及物动词时，形式上虽为主动，却表示被动意义。例如：
Meat cuts easily.肉容易切。
His novel sells well.他的小说畅销。
The car drove easily.这车很容易开。
Your pen writes quite smoothly.你的笔写起来很滑。
在上述句子中，主语通常指物，起动作承受者的作用，也可以说是不及物动词的逻辑宾语。但是有时也有用人称主语的。例如：
The girl does not photograph well.这女孩不上像。比较：The girl has not been photographed well.这女孩的照片没拍好。
2、某些感觉动词的主动态表示被动意义。例如：
This shirt feels much softer than that one.这件衬衫比那件衬衫摸起来柔软得多。That book smells old.那本书有一股霉味。
These oranges taste nice.这些橙子味道很好。
以上这些动词都不能用进行时表示。若用进行时，则表示主动含义。比较：The child is smelling the paint.小孩正在闻油
漆的气味。
3、有少数动词(bind,cook,do,owe,print)的进行时有时有被动意义。在这种用法中，句子的主语都应该是指物的。例如：
The magazine is binding(printing).这本杂志正在装订(印刷)。
He paid all that was owing.欠的钱他都还了。
The meat is cooking.正在火敦肉。
4、动词get,come,go之后接过去分词，表示被动意义。get的这种用法局限于口语和非正式的书面语言，更强调动作的结果而非动作
本身，并常用来表示突发性的、出乎意料的偶然事件。而come和go常接含否定意义的过去分词。例如：
After working selflessly in here for several years,Mr Li got promoted at last.李先生在此地无私地干了好几年，终于得到提升。
They got delayed because of the holiday traffic.由于节日交通阻塞，他们被耽误了。The buttons on my coat came undone.我上衣的扣子松开了。
The woman's complaints went unnoticed.那位女士的投诉无人理睬。
5、在need(want,require,deserve,etc.)doing句型中，动名词(doing)相当于动词不定式的被动式(to be done)，在意思上没有多大差别。例如：
The garden needs watering. The garden needs to be watered.花园需要浇水。
The problem requires studying with great care. The problem requires to be studied with great care.这个问题需要仔细研究。
These jobs want doing at once. These jobs want to be done at once.这些工作需要马上就做。
用法相似的结构还有bear doing,stand doing,be worth doing,习惯不用动词不定式。如：That won't bear thinking of.那
是不堪想像的。
The little girl can't stand criticizing.小女孩经不起批评。
The food is not worth eating.这种饭菜不值一吃。
It's well worth making the effort to learn how to do it.很值得花一番功夫去学会怎么做这事。
值得注意的是，在be worth doing句型中，只能用动名词的主动式，而在be worthy to be done中，才能用动词不定式的被动式，两者不可混淆。
6、在某些性质形容词＋动词不定式的句型中，其动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。例如：
The question is easy to answer.这问题容易回答。
That book is difficult to understand.那本书难懂。
在这种句型结构中，动词不定式和主语的关系实际上是一种逻辑上的动宾关系，可以说是动词不定式作主语变换来的，相当于It's easy to answer the question.和It's difficult to understand that book.由于把动词宾语放在主语位置，所以和不定式的关系构成一种被动关系。
7、有些动词不定式不论用主动形式还是被动形式，动词不定式和主语的关系都是被动的。例如：
Nobody was to blame (to be blamed) for the accident.这个事故，谁也不能责怪。The house is to let (to be let).这房子出租。
There are a lot of books to read (to be read).有许多书要读。
Those cars are to rent (to be rented).那些汽车出租。
8、以－able或－ible结尾的形容词可表示被动意义。
例如：These tickets are available for one month.
These tickets are capable of being used for one month.这些票可用一个月。
It's a credible explanation.
The explanation can be trusted.这是一种可信的解释。
The fish was hardly eatable.The fish could hardly be eaten.这鱼几乎不能吃。9、有些介词短语用作表语或定语时，可以表示被动意义。例如：
The thief is under arrest. The thief has been arrested.小偷已被捕。
Apples are on sale. Apples are being sold.苹果在出售。
The phenomenon under study is very interesting. The phenomenon which is being studied is very interesting.正在研究
的现象十分有趣。
10、在冠词the和a (an)后面只能用动名词的主动形式，这种名词化的动名词有时表示被动意义。例如：
The boy took a beating.那男孩挨了打。
It was spoilt in the making.这东西在制作过程中被损坏了。
11、在某些名词词组中，表示动作的名词无疑具有动作的含义，往往可以表现被动意义，而这种被动意义与英语的被动结构无任何
语法上的联系。例如：
After his release from prison,he returned home.他从监狱被释放出来以后回到了家。His family lived on government aid for three years.他一家靠政府救济生活三年了。
二、语态转换和某些动词的关系
1、一般以为凡及物动词都有相应的被动句，其实不然，当“主动宾”结构的谓语动词是表示状态或特征的及物动词，如contain,
cost,fit,have,lack,resemble,suit等，主动句便没有相应的被动句：
Linda resembles her mother.琳达象她母亲。
This red coat becomes her.这件红上衣合她的身。
The auditorium holds 2000 people.大礼堂能容纳两千人。
My shoes don't fit me.我的鞋不合脚。
Jack always lacks confidence.杰克总是缺乏信心。
但是，状态动词know有相应的被动态：Experts have been known to make this mistake.大家知道，专家也会犯这种错误。有时，有些不能用于被动语态的状态动词，在同一意义上，如果不用by－词组，可以有被动句。如：All my things are held in this box.这只箱子里装着我所有的东西。
2、某些被动句没有相应的主动句。例如：
She was born in Nanjing.她生于南京。
He was said to be an honest man.据说他是个老实人。
They will be married next month.他们将于下月结婚。
Mary said that she was not obliged to work overtime.玛丽说她并不是非加班不可。
3、当“主动宾”结构的宾语为反身代词或相互代词时，通常不能转换为被动句。例如：The doctor dedicated herself to finding a cure.这位医生为寻求一种治疗方法奉献了她的一生。
Did he hurt himself when he fell?他跌倒时有没有摔伤了自己?
We could hardly see each other in the fog.在雾中我们彼此几乎看不见。
They told each other about their families.他们互相向对方讲述了各自的家庭情况。
4、用于被动语态的have。动词have作为“有”的意思时，是状态动词，没有相应的被动态。但是在下列情况中，have有被动语态。
a、作为“被买到(得到)”、“被找到”意思时：
We tried to get a copy of her book,but there was none to be had(to be bought).我们想弄到一本她的书，但就是买不到。
That is about the only work to be had(=to be found) at this time of the year.那大概就是今年此时唯一能找到的工作了。
b、作为“欺(哄)骗”意思时，口语中常用被动态：
I'm afraid you've been had.恐怕你上当了。
He's not the first person that's been had in that way.他并非第一个这样上当受骗的人。
c、作“被贿赂”意思时：The man was had (=was bribed) into giving them the documents.这人被贿赂，给他们提供了文件。
d、与某些介词或副词构成短语动词时，相当于一个及物动词：
I've been had on (=have been fooled) too often to take his stories seriously.我时常上他的当，不再把他的话当真了。
The young man was had up (=was taken to court)for dangerous driving.这年青人因危险驾车被法庭传讯。
5、有些原来不及物的动词，如果作使役动词来用，那么有被动语态，较常见的有fly,run,stand,walk等。例如：
Many cars have been flown to Europe.许多汽车已被空运到欧洲去了。
This bottle must not be stood close to the fire.这只瓶不得放在近火处。
Horses should be walked for some time after a race.赛马后，得溜一会儿马。
三、被动语态结构与SVC(动词－ed形式作表语)结构的区别
被动语态表示动作，句子主语为动作的对象，SVC结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态，其中的过去分词相当于形容词，be只有一般时
态和完成时态。被动结构的时态一般要与相应的主动结构一致。下面把这两种结构作一比较：
1、The library is usually closed at 6.图书馆通常六点关门。(被动语态)
The library is now closed.图书馆关门了。(SVC结构)
2、The bridge was completed in 1968.桥是1968年建成的。(被动语态)
The bridge is completed.桥已修好。(SVC结构)
3、The glass was broken by my sister.玻璃杯是我妹妹打破的。(被动语态)
The glass is broken.玻璃杯破了。(SVC结构)
为了便于考生们的理解，我们再举几个SVC结构的例句：
The gun is loaded.枪装上子弹了。
Your composition is well written.你的作文写得很好。
The door is locked.门锁着。
He was injured in the leg.他腿部受了伤。
翻译题
一、把下列句子翻译成英语的被动句
1、他常被派做这项工作.
2、你叫雨淋湿了.
3、这孩子昨天挨来了一顿批评.
4、我们的衣服给汗水湿透了.
5、东西受潮了.
6、他们去年遭了灾.
7、历史是人民创造的.
8、这首歌是我一个朋友谱写的.
9、这个问题必须予以处理.
10、这座桥将在今年年底建成.
11、应该说,基本情况是健康的.
12、据报,敌人当时离那里只有十里.
13、很明显,这计划应当取消.
14、据谣传,那场事故是由于玩忽职守而造成的.
15、据了解这地方有丰富的自然资源.
11、他常被派做这项工作. He is often sent to do this work.
12、你叫雨淋湿了. Have been wetted in the rain.
13、这孩子昨天挨来了一顿批评. The boy was criticized yesterday.
14、我们的衣服给汗水湿透了. Our clothes were soaked with sweat.
15、东西受潮了. The things have been affected with damp.
16、他们去年遭了灾. They were hit by a natural calamity last year.
17、历史是人民创造的. History is made by the people.
18、这首歌是我一个朋友谱写的. The song was composed by a friend of mine.
19、这个问题必须予以处理. This matter must be dealt with.
20、这座桥将在今年年底建成.
The construction of the bridge will be completed by the end of this year.
21、应该说,基本情况是健康的. It should be said that the situation is basically sound.
22、据报,敌人当时离那里只有十里.It is reported that the enemy were ten li away.
23、很明显,这计划应当取消. It is obvious that the plan should be scrapped.
24、据谣传,那场事故是由于玩忽职守而造成的. It is rumored that the accident was due to negligence.
25、据了解这地方有丰富的自然资源. It is known that the area is rich in natural resources.
被动语态的几种特殊用法
被动语态的几种特殊用法(1)主动形式表示被动意义 1)常见的这类动词有：“act，add up，clean，compare，count，cook，draw，fill，iron，keep，let，look，make up，milk，kill，open，photograph，prove，read，sell，smoke，spoil”等。 The window won't open．(这扇窗户打不开。) The cow milks well．(这头牛出奶率很高。) Damp wood will not fire．(湿木不易燃烧。) She doesn't photograph well．(她不上相。) His judgment proved wrong．(他的判断是错的。) The banana peels easily．(香蕉皮剥起来很容易。) Flies kill easily in autumn．(秋天苍蝇容易死亡。) It turned out fine that day．(结果那天天气很好。) How did his coat catch on a nail? (他的衣服怎么钩到钉子上了?) 2)实用动词“need／want／deserve／require +V-ing(动名词)”形式表示被动意义。 My hair needs cutting。． The bike wants repairing． It doesn't deserve mentioning． Hamlet is required reading for the course．(《哈姆雷特》为本课程指定读物。) 3)一些固定句型如：e worth doing sth．have/get sth．猨?搩湯履，以及to be under(in)+抽象名词等表示被动意义： Beijing is a big city in China and worth visiting．(北京是中国的一个大城市，值得浏览。) Mr.．Wilson had his wallet stolen the day before yesterday．(威尔逊先生前天丢了一个钱包)。 The bike is under(in)repair．(自行车正在修理中。) This tape recorder is in use．(这种录音机正在使用中。) 4)一些不定式的主动态表示被动意义： ①There be句型： There are a lot of things to do． There is nothing to worry about． ②不定式修饰want, have等动词的宾语，而句中的主语同时又不是不定式的逻辑主语时： I want some clothes to wash． Do you have anything to say for yourself? ③不定式修饰buy，get，give等动词的直接宾语，而句中的间接宾语又是不定式的逻辑主语时：
【精品】英语被动语态用法总结(完整)
【精品】英语被动语态用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择被动语态 1．The house, which _____ last night, ____ my aunt but she doesn’t live there any more. A．was broken into; is belonged to B．broke into; is belonged to C．broke into; belonging to D．was broken into; belongs to 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查被动语态和主动语态。句意：这所房子昨晚被拆了，它属于我的姑妈，但她已经不在那里住了。第一空，根据last night 及句意可知句子用一般过去时态的被动语态，break into“破门而入”，答案为was broken into；第二空，belong to“属于”，无进行和被动语态，结合句意可知句子用一般现在时态，答案为belongs to。故选D。 2．(江苏四校第四次考试)The flood has caused a lot of damage to that area and the figures of the missing________shortly. A．will be published B．have been published C．had been published D．are published 【答案】A 【解析】 考查时态。shortly不久，不多时，在句中作时间状语，表示将来，所以空处应该用将来时。句意为：这场洪水给那一地区造成了很大损失，失踪人数很快就会公布。 答案：A 3．At the awarding ceremony held in Tokyo, the scientists were surprised by what ______ in science and technology. A．has discovered B．has been discovered C．had discovered D．had been discovered 【答案】D 【解析】句意：在东京举行的颁奖仪式上，科学家们惊讶于科学技术的发现。科学家们感到惊讶是过去式，故科学技术发现用过去完成时，what于动词discover是被动关系，故选D。 4．The si nger’s music video nearly 9 million times since it was posted on the Internet four weeks ago. A．viewed B．has viewed C．was viewed D．has been viewed 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：考查动词时态与语态辨析。A. viewed，一般过去式；B. was viewed过去式的被
英语语法：被动语态的用法
英语语法：被动语态的用法 1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去 分词 Our classroom is cleaned everyday. 我们教室每天都被打扫。 I am asked to study hard. 我被告知要努力学习。 Knives are used for cutting things. 刀是用来切东西的。 2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分 词 A new shop was built last year. 去年修了一座新商店。 Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 恐龙蛋被放置了很久很久。 3. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 A new hospital will be built in our city. 我们城市将要修建 一家新医院。 Many more trees will be planted next year. 明年会种更多的树。 4. 现在实行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动 词的过去分词 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→ My bike is being repaired by Tom now. 王叔叔正在修理我的自 行车。
They are planting trees over there. → Trees are being planted over there by them. 他们在那里种植的树木。 5. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages. 这本书被翻译成多种文字。 Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 在很多国家有很多人造卫星被送上了太空。 6.过去实行时的被动语态构成：was/were + being + 及物动词的过去分词 The boy was being operated on when his parents hurried to the hospital.当他的父母赶到医院的时候这个男孩正在做手术。 The new road was being made.这条新路正在修筑。 7.过去完成时的被动语态构成：had + been + 及物动词的过去分词 The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came. 在老师来之前，教室尚未打扫。 The tickets had been sold out before I came to the cinema.在门票被销售一空前我赶到了电影院。 8.将来完成时的被动语态构成：shall/will + have done
被动语态的基本用法
被动语态的基本用法 一. 何时使用被动语态 1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要 如：Paper is made from wood. The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. He was wounded in the fight. 2. 需要强调动作的承受者时 如：Calwlator can't be used in the maths exam. Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn't be taken away. He was awarded first prize in that contest. 3为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语态，使句子得以更好的安排。 如：The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. Electricity is used to run machines. 二. 被动语态的构成 1. be+done 可以是被动语态，也可以是系表结构形式。被动语态中，done可以带by短语，而系表结构中done相当于adj. 不带by短语。 如：The question is settled. (系表结构) Such questions are settled by us. (被动语态) The composition is well written. (系表结构) The composition is written with great care . (被动语态) The job was well done. (系表结构) The job was well done by a skilled worker. (被动语态) 2. 许多verbs(broken, interested, shut, worried), 既可以用做adj.也可以在被动语态结构中做过去分词。句中如果有by，通常是被动语态。 如：I was worried abeutyou all night. (表状态)
英语被动语态用法总结(完整)
英语被动语态用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择被动语态 1．More than one worker ______ dismissed. A．have been B．are C．has been D．has 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查主谓一致和语态。句意：不止一个工人被解雇了。如果主语由"many a,more than one ＋单数名词"构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式，故排除A和B，“工人”和“解雇”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故选C。 2．________sco res of times, but Derek still couldn’t understand how to use past participle in a concrete situation. A．Having explained B．Having been explained C．Though it was explained D．It was explained 【答案】D 【解析】 因为有连词but，前面应是完整的句子，排除A,B; Though不能和but同时使用，所以选D。 3．—Have you heard about that school bus accident? —Yes, fortunately all on board including the driver ________. A．were saved B．was saved C．have saved D．has been saved 【答案】A 【解析】 考查动词时态和语态。句意为：——你有没有听说那起校车事故？——嗯，幸运的是，车上所有的人包括司机都获救了。由题干中的Have you heard...可知，事故发生在过去，且all 为主语，和save逻辑上构成被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，故答案A符合语境。 4．The new library ________; it will be open next year. A．had been built B．was built C．was being built D．is being built 【答案】D 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：图书馆正在建设中；明年开放。根据后面一句可推知，图书馆是正在建设中，所以要用进行时，图书馆是被建的，要用被动。所以本句要用现在进行时的被动语态。故选D。
英语被动语态用法详解
英语被动语态用法详解 一、单项选择被动语态 1．The classroom ________ by students every day. A．cleans B．cleaned C．is cleaned D．is cleaning 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查时态和被动语态。句意：教室每天都由学生打扫。句子主语The classroom，单数第三人称形式，与谓语动词clean之间是被动关系，再结合every day，可知句子用一般现在时态的被动语态，故选C。 2．The two nurses ________ 100，000 yuan by the police but donated it to victims of the explosion. A．rewarded B．would be rewarded C．have been rewarded D．had been rewarded 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：这两位护士被警方奖赏100，000元，但是她们把钱捐给了爆炸事故的受害者。根据“but donated it to victims of the explosion.”，可知“她们把钱捐给了爆炸事故的受害者”已经是发生在过去的事情，而“两位护士被警方奖赏100，000元”是发生在过去的过去，故用过去完成时，且“两位护士”和“奖赏”是被动关系，故用被动语态，选D。 考点：考查时态和语态 3．(江苏四校第四次考试)The flood has caused a lot of damage to that area and the figures of the missing________shortly. A．will be published B．have been published C．had been published D．are published 【答案】A 【解析】 考查时态。shortly不久，不多时，在句中作时间状语，表示将来，所以空处应该用将来时。句意为：这场洪水给那一地区造成了很大损失，失踪人数很快就会公布。 答案：A 4．The affairs of each country should be by its own people. A．elected B．settled C．developed D．contained 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词。句意为：各国事务应由自己国家的人们解决。由句意可知，选settle，
被动语态的结构及用法
教学过程 被动语态的结构及用法 Step 1 Warm-up: Review 复习 一、Review the past participle forms of the verbs 1、规则动词过去分词的构成： (1)一般情况+ed 如worked；以不发音的e结尾，直接+d 如liked (2)以“辅音字母+y”，y →i+ed 如study →studied (3)以重读闭音节结尾，词尾仅一个辅音字母，双写词尾辅音字母+ed 如stopped，planned 2、特殊变化：课本附录 Step 2 Presentation:呈现 一、语态概述：略讲 1、英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的，分为主动语态与被动语态两种。 2、主动语态，即主语是动作的执行者。Eg. We clean the classroom. 3、被动语态，即主语是动作的承受者。Eg. The classroom is cleaned by us. 二、被动语态的构成：略 被动语态的基本构成是“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+(by)”。be本身无词义，但有时态、人称和数的变化。by通常紧跟在被动句谓语动词之后，有时也可省。 1、现在： （1）一般现在时am/is/are + done （2）现在进行时am/is/are + being done （3）现在完成时have/has + been done 2、过去： （1）一般过去时was/were + done （2）过去进行时was/were + being done 3、将来：一般将来时shall/will + be done 三、被动语态句式：略 （1）肯定：主语+be+过去分词+(by) The cars are made by them. （2）否定：主语+be+not+过去分词+(by)The cars are not made by them. （3）一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词+(by) Are the cars made by them? （4）含有情态动词的被动语态：主语+情态动词+(not)+be<原形>+过去分词+(by) 四、被动语态的用法： 1、强调动作的承受者eg. Her bike is stolen. 2、淡化动作的执行者（没有说明、没必要指出、不知道） Eg. This coat is made of cotton.这件大衣是棉制的。 3、动作的承受者是谈话的中心eg. The picture was drawn by a boy under eight. Step 3 Consolidation:巩固 五、主动与被动的转换：时态不变 A.主动中的宾语→被动语态的主语 B.谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词） C.主动中的主语→被动语态的宾语（介词by之后），主格→宾格 Eg. He cut down a tree.→A tree was cut down by him. 1、S+V+O
被动语态特殊用法总结word版本
被动语态的使用 1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by 短语。“Mr. White, the cup with mixture was broken after class. ” (只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出谁弄坏的)。 2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。 These records were made by John Denver. The cup was broken by Paul. 3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in + 名词作状语，而代替by 短语。 These cars were made in China. 15, 000 cars will be produced each year in the new factory. 语态转换时要注意的问题 1. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday./I was given a present on my birthday. 如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：A present was given to me yesterday. 注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。 The cup with mixture was showed to the class. My bike was lent to her. 一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for, 如：build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。 Mother made me a new skirt. (A new skirt was made for me. )he meat was cooked for us. Some country music was played for us. 有些既不用to 也不用for, 根据动词与介词的搭配关系。He asked me a question. (A question was asked of me. ) People all over the world know the Great Wall. The Great Wall is known to people all over the world. (不用by短语) 2. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有： 不及物动词+ 介词，如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等。 The patient is being operated on. The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about. 及物动词+ 副词：如：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。 His request was turned down. The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather. 3. 带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如： We always keep the classroom clean. →The classroom is always kept clean. She told us to follow her instructions. →We were told to follow her instructions. 注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to 的问题。 We often hear him play the guitar. →He is often heard to play the guitar. 注意：带有复合宾语的句子，如果宾语补足语是名词，变被动句时，应将宾语变为主语，不要误把宾语补足语的名词作主语。如： Tomatoes were first taken back to Europe and people called them love apples.
【英语】英语被动语态用法总结(完整)
【英语】英语被动语态用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择被动语态 1．The film “Schindler’s List”, was ________ by a real person, named Oskar Schindler A．inspired B．prompted C．rised D．insured 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查过去分词。A. inspired鼓舞；B. prompted引起，提示；C. rised上升；D. insured确保。句意：电影《辛德勒的名单》的灵感来自一个真实的人，名叫奥斯卡·辛德勒。结合句意可知此处用被动语态，故答案为A。 2．It is the third time so far that such a festival ________ in my hometown. A．is held B．has been held C．will be held D．had been held 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：考查句式用法。This is the first (second, third…) time +that从句，这是第一（二，三…）次…。一般来说，This is the first (second, third…) time +that从句，这个句式中that从句使用现在完成时，但是这个句子中，so far距今为止，表示现在为止这个节日庆祝活动，还没有举办，要用将来时。故选C。 考点: 考查句式用法 3．The new library ________; it will be open next year. A．had been built B．was built C．was being built D．is being built 【答案】D 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：图书馆正在建设中；明年开放。根据后面一句可推知，图书馆是正在建设中，所以要用进行时，图书馆是被建的，要用被动。所以本句要用现在进行时的被动语态。故选D。 4．The plan for Xiongan New Area ______ officially on April 1, 2017. A．announced B．was announced C．announces D．is announced 【答案】B 【解析】考查时态与被动语态。句意：设立雄安新区的计划在2017年4月1日被官方宣布。计划是被官方宣布，故用被动语态；动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 5．Please wear your best clothes on Monday, as your class photos ______ then.
英语被动语态用法
语态篇——常见与不常见的被动 [提问]在下面这个句子中，那些部分为被动语态“I had not originally been scheduled to work this day but I was extremely pleased when I was asked to help out at the last minute, for it would be one of the most memorable days of the games. (Experiencing English Integrated Book Page120)” 答：要分析上面这个句子，并划出相应的被动语态部分，首先要清楚地了解什么是被动语态和被动语态的结构。 在学中，语态是针对动词而言的一种形式，描述句子中和参与此动作的之间关系。语态分为主动Active Voice和被动Passive Voice两种。当主语是动作的发起者（或之一）时，称为主动语态；如果主语为动作的承受者时，称为被动语态。例如：“猫吃老鼠。”这句话是主动语态；而“老鼠被猫吃。”则是被动语态。 一点意见，我觉得这些语法太简单了 被动语态强调动作的对象或动作本身，句中主语是动作的受动者。分析句子时找到主语和谓语动词，如果主语并非主动行为，而是接受动作，是动作指向的对象，那么该句就是被动句。被动语态的基本构成为： be动词+及物动词过去分词。其中be动词随着句子的不同时态发生相应变化，并要注意随主语人称、单复数变化而使用正确形式。 1）一般现在时：am／is／are＋V-ed 2）一般过去时：was／were＋V-ed
【备战高考】英语被动语态用法详解
【备战高考】英语被动语态用法详解 一、单项选择被动语态 1．A new function of China’s official train ticket booking website ______to boost buyers’ chances of obtaining a ticket during the upcoming Spring Festival travel rush. A．will be expected B．expects C．has been expected D．is expected 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查时态。句意：中国火车票预订官网的一项新功能有望在即将到来的春运期间增加购票机会。be expected to do表示“有望……”，常用于一般现在时，故D项正确。 2．(桂林部分学校高三质量检测)The wet weather will continue tomorrow，when a cold front________to arrive. A．will be expected B．is expecting C．expects D．is expected 【答案】D 【解析】 考查动词的时态和语态。句意为：预计将有一股冷锋到来，因此潮湿的天气明天将会继续。a cold front与expect之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，expect是发生在现在的动作，要用一般现在时，故选D项。 答案：D 3．At the awarding ceremony held in Tokyo, the scientists were surprised by what ______ in science and technology. A．has discovered B．has been discovered C．had discovered D．had been discovered 【答案】D 【解析】句意：在东京举行的颁奖仪式上，科学家们惊讶于科学技术的发现。科学家们感到惊讶是过去式，故科学技术发现用过去完成时，what于动词discover是被动关系，故选D。 4．—The window is dirty. —I know. It ________ for weeks. A．hasn’t cleaned B．didn’t clean C．wasn’t cleaned D．hasn’t been cleaned 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 本题考查时态和语态。解题步骤：1. 确定时态：这里表达过去没有擦窗户的事情对现在的
强烈推荐,有经典例句的被动语态的用法
一、被动语态的用法： 1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。 The bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建造的。 He was elected chairman.他被选为主席。 2、当更加强调动作的承受者时。此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。 The room hasn't been cleaned yet.房间还没有打扫。 The tiger was killed by him.老虎被他杀死了。 3、当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。如： The window was blown by wind.窗户被风吹开了。 The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。 4、表示客观的说明常用"It is + 过去分词."句型。 It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.据说露茜已经出国了。 It is believed that he is a spy. (=He is believed to be a spy.)大家相信他是个间谍。 其它常见的"It is + 过去分词+ that"句型还有 It is reported that…据报道 It is said that…据说 It is believed that…大家相信 It is suggested that…有人建议 二、主动语态变为被动语态 1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： （1）将主动句的宾语变为主语： 注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如： Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom. （2）将动词改为"be+过去分词"。 注意： They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。 （3）将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。 注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。 He sang a song. → A song was sung by him. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项： （1）主动句中的主语如果是people, we, you, they, somebody等含糊地表示"人们"、"大家"的单词，变为主动句时，通常删去"by…"，但原主语被强调者除外。如：
被动语态的基本用法
何时使用被动语态 1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要 如： Paper is made from wood. The house is quite old. It was built in 1950 He was wounded in the fight. 2. 需要强调动作的承受者时 3 为了使语气婉转， 避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语 态，使句子得以更好的安排。 女口： The con struct ion o f the new lab must be compi eted by month. Electricity is used to run machines. 被动语态的构成 2. 许多 verbs （broken, interested, shut, worried ）, 既可以用做 态结构中做过去分词。句中如果有 by ，通常是被动语态。 如： I was worried abeutyou all night. （ 表状态 ） 被动语态的基本用法 如： Calwlator can't be used in the maths exam. Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn't be taken away. He was awarded first prize in that contest. the end of next 1. be+done 可以是被动语态， 也可以是系表结构形式。 被动语态中， done 可以带 by 短 语，而系表结构中 done 相当于 adj. 不带 by 短语。 如： The question is settled. （ 系表结构 ） Such questions are settled by us. （ 被动语态 ） The composition is well written. （ 系表结构 ） The composition is written with great care . （ 被动语态 ） The job was well done. （ 系表结构 ） The job was well done by a skilled worker. （ 被动语态 ） adj. 也可以在被动语
英语被动语态用法
英语被动语态用法 Company Document number：WUUT-WUUY-WBBGB-BWYTT-1982GT
语态篇——常见与不常见的被动 [提问]在下面这个句子中，那些部分为被动语态“I had not originally been scheduled to work this day but I was extremely pleased when I was asked to help out at the last minute, for it would be one of the most memorable days of the games. (Experiencing English Integrated Book Page120)” 答：要分析上面这个句子，并划出相应的被动语态部分，首先要清楚地了解什么是被动语态和被动语态的结构。 在学中，语态是针对动词而言的一种形式，描述句子中和参与此动作的之间关系。语态分为主动Active Voice和被动Passive Voice两种。当主语是动作的发起者（或之一）时，称为主动语态；如果主语为动作的承受者时，称为被动语态。例如：“猫吃老鼠。”这句话是主动语态；而“老鼠被猫吃。”则是被动语态。 一点意见，我觉得这些语法太简单了 被动语态强调动作的对象或动作本身，句中主语是动作的受动者。分析句子时找到主语和谓语动词，如果主语并非主动行为，而是接受动作，是动作指向的对象，那么该句就是被动句。被动语态的基本构成为： be动词+及物动词过去分词。其中be动词随着句子的不同时态发生相应变化，并要注意随主语人称、单复数变化而使用正确形式。 1）一般现在时：am／is／are＋V-ed 2）一般过去时：was／were＋V-ed 3）一般将来时：will／shall be＋V-ed 4）现在进行时：am／is／are being＋V-ed 5）过去进行时：was / were being + V-ed 6）现在完成时：have／has been＋V-ed
被动语态的用法大全
语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。 英语中的被动语态使用得比汉语要多，要普遍，许多课本乃至实际应用中都常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来，当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时，多用被动式。须注意的是，许多地方与汉语不同。注意那些汉语中没有"被……"的意思，英语却应该用被动态。还要注意，英语的被动态往往由"by"引出，而有用介词"by"的短语往往又不是被动态，而是系表结构。还有些特殊现象，如：known to man(人类......所知)，on foot步行(美国人有时用by foot)，in carraige(乘四轮马车)等等。还有假主动，真被动的十几个常用词的用法，以及so heavy to carry而不用so heavy to be carried 等习惯用法。有关这类情况，做到心中有数对全面掌握被动态，准确无误地解答习题非常关键，被动态必须涉及的是动词的各种时态变化的问题。英语的时态本来很复杂，怎样记住各自的被动形式呢? 首先要明确"将来进行无被动，现在完成进行同"。这两种时态无被动形式。 另外，不及物动词带有同源宾语的动词，反身代词的动词和系动词都无被动形式。即便如此，还有不定式，动名词，分词，以及它们的复合结构)的被动态，再加上情态动词，助动词以及它们的疑问式和否定式从中掺杂，真是令人头痛，眼花缭乱。下面口诀就以动词do为例，即do did过去式done过去分词，以口诀形式总结各种时态的被动态，一定对你有所启示。 被动语态（一般现在时） 主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者。 被动语态的口诀 一般现、过用be +过去分词，be有人称、时、数变。 完成时态have(has) done，被动将been加中间。 一般将来shall (will) do，被动变do为be done。 将来进行无被动，shall (will) be doing, 现在完成进行同，have (has) been doing。 现、过进行be doing, 被动be加being done。 情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。 否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。 主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。 一般情助加be done，双宾多将间宾变。 复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。 1.一般现在时is\am\are+P.P(过去分词) 2.一般过去时was\were+P.P 3.一般将来时will be+P.P 4.现在进行时is\am\are+being(固定不变)+P.P 5.过去进行时was\were+being(固定不变)+P.P 6.现在完成时have\has been+P.P 7.过去完成时had been+P.P 语法结构 1.if结构（非真实条件句——表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况） 与..事实相反If从句主句 过去Had done Would* have done
最新英语被动语态用法总结(完整)(1)
最新英语被动语态用法总结(完整)(1) 一、单项选择被动语态 1．My brother and I have __________her birthday party. A．been invited B．been invited for C．invited to D．been invited to 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查语态和固定搭配。句意：我哥哥和我被邀请参加她的生日聚会。My brother and I与invite之间是被动关系，invite sb to somewhere表示“邀请某人去某地”，故D项正确。 2．—Are we about to having dinner? —Yes, it ________ in the dining room. A．serve B．is serving C．is being served D．has been serving 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：——我们准备去吃饭吗？——是的，饭菜正在餐厅被供应。it是指饭菜，和动作serve之间是被动关系，且动作正在进行，四个选项中只有C项是现在进行时的被动语态，故选C。 3．The affairs of each country should be by its own people. A．elected B．settled C．developed D．contained 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词。句意为：各国事务应由自己国家的人们解决。由句意可知，选settle，意为“解决”。elect选举；develop 发展；contain 包含，控制。故选B。 4．The new library ________; it will be open next year. A．had been built B．was built C．was being built D．is being built 【答案】D 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：图书馆正在建设中；明年开放。根据后面一句可推知，图书馆是正在建设中，所以要用进行时，图书馆是被建的，要用被动。所以本句要用现在进行时的被动语态。故选D。 5．—Do you know why a meeting by the middle school teachers last Sunday? —To demand smaller classes of no more than 25 to 30 students in each class. A．was held B．had been held C．has held D．held