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大连外国语学院2006年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
学科专业：英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学（英语）考试科目：语言学（A卷）考生请注意：答案必须写在答题纸上，将标号写清楚。写在试卷上不给分。
I. Mark the following statements with T if they are true or F if they false
(20 points)
1. The design features of human languages include only creativity and displacement.
2. The bow-wow theory, the pooh-pooh theory and the “yo-he-ho” theory are well-established theory with adequate supportive evidences.
3. Recreational function and metalingual function are the most important functions of language.
4. Phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics are branches of linguistics.
5. Macrolinguistics is of interdisciplinary nature.
6. Articulatory phonetics, acoustic phonetics and auditory phonetics study speech sounds.
7. Fictive is among the eleven places of articulation which are distinguished on the IPA chart.
8. A physically definable unit, the common factor underlying a set of forms, and a grammatical unit are used to discuss the definition of “word”.
9. Broadening, narrowing, meaning shift, class shift and semantic change contribute to change in sentence meaning.
10. In Saussure’s view, language is a system of sings, each of which consists of two parts: SIGNIFIED (sound image) and SIGNIFER (concept).
11. Syntax refers to the study of the rules governing the ways sounds are combined to form sentences in a language.
12. There are generally three kinds of sense relations recognized－sameness relation, oppositeness relation and inclusiveness relation with the technical terms of synonymy, antonymy and hyponymy respectively.
13. Pairs of words like buy-sell and lend-borrow belong to complementary antonymy.
14. Cognitive psycholinguistics is concerned with making inferences about the content of the human mind.
15. The theory of CONTEXT OF SITUATION can be summarized as follows: the relevant features of the participants, the relevant object and the effects of the verbal action.
16. Austin claims that there are two types of sentences: performatives and constatives.
17. The part of linguistics that studies the language of literature is termed literary stylistics.
18. CAI aims at seeing educational problems on the part of the teacher, whereas CAL emphasizes the use of a computer in both teaching and learning in order to help the learner achieve educational objectives.
19. Communicative Competence has two components: appropriateness and performance.
20. An important contribution of the Prague School to linguistics is that it sees language in terms of FUCTION.
II. Fill in each of the following blanks with an appropriate word with the hint of the initial letter (20points)
1. A______ of language makes it potentially creative, and conventionality of language makes learning a language laborious. For learners of a foreign language , it is this feature of language that is more worth noticing than its arbitrariness.
2. Speaking of the manners of articulation, p______ is complete closure of the articulators involved so that the airstream cannot escape through the mouth..
3. V______ is made with the back of the tongue and the soft palate. An example in English is [k] as in “cat”.
4. The principle of a______ creation can account for the co-existence of two forms, regular and irregular, in the conjugation of some English verbs.
5. G______ is a type of control over the form of some words by other words in certain syntactic constructions.
6. P______ logic is the study of the truth conditions for propositions: how the truth of
a composite proposition is determined by the truth of value of its constituent propositions and the connections between them.
7. The principle of r______ is defined as every act of ostensive communication communicates the presumption of its own optimal relevance.
8. Assonance describes s______ with a common vowel (cVc).
9. The type of l______ constructed by second or foreign language learners who are still in the process of learning a language is often referred to as interlanguage.
10. E______ is the grammatically incorrect form; mistake appears when the language is correct grammatically but improper in a communicational context.
III. Mark the choice that best completes the statement (20points)
1. The dog barks wow wow in English but wangwangwang in Chinese. This indicates the ______ relationship between the sound of a morpheme and its meaning.
A. arbitrary
B. dual
C. creative
D. displaced
2. The _______function of language is one of the most powerful uses of language because it is so crucial in changing the emotional status of an audience for or against someone or something.
A. recreational
B. emotive
C. interpersonal
D. performative
3. ______ are produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at some place to divert, impede, or completely shut off the flow of air in the oral cavity.
A. V owels
B. Semi-vowels
C. Consonants
D. Semi-consonants
4. There are two possibilities of assimilation. If a following sound is influencing a preceding sound, we call it ____ assimilation.
A. progressive
B. preceding
C. preceding
D. regressive
5. The term ___ refers to those words that consist of more than one lexical morpheme, or the way to join two separation words to produce a single form.
A. compound
B. derivation
C. invention
D. blending
6. ___ refers to a type of word-forming where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a longer form already in the language.
A. Borrowing
B. Back-formation
C. Acronym
D. Analogical creation
7. ___, also known agreement, maybe defined as the requirement that the forms of two or more words in a syntactic relationship should agree with each other in terms of some categories.
A. tense
B. aspect
C. concord
D. government
8. The ___ construction is defined as a construction whose distribution is not functionally equivalent to any of its constituents, such as “on the shelf”.
A. endocentric
B. exocentric
C. subordinate
D. coordinate
9. The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to, or stands for, is known as the ___ theory.
A. integrated
B. sense relation
C. subordinate
D. coordinate
10. Ogden and Richards proposes a theory that the relation between a word and a thing it refers to is not direct, but it is mediated by ____.
A. triangle
B. concept
C. meaning
D. referential
11. ___ describes the additional ease with which a word is accessed due to its more frequent usage in the language.
A. Cohort Theory
B. Frequency Effect
C. Recency Effect
D. Context Effect
12. General context effect occurs when our ___ knowledge about the world influences language comprehension.
A. general
B. specific
C. discourse
D. text
13. Language may determine our thinking patterns. This is part of the ___.
A. Sapir-Whorf Hypotheses
B. Cross-Cultural Communication theory
C. Context of situation theory
D. Ethnography of Communication theory
14. ____ may be said to equivalent to speaker’s meaning, contextual meaning, or extra meaning.
A. Locutionary
B. Perloculationary Act
C. Illocutionary principle
D. Performatives
15. Which of the following are not the four categories of maxims introduced by Grice?
A. quantity
B. quality
C. relation
D. obscurity
16. Make your contribution necessary and say no more than you must. This is the ___ proposed by Horn.
A. Q-principle
B. R-principle
C. Cooperative principle
D. Q-based principle
17. The person who tells the story may also be a character in the fictional world of the story, relating the story after the event. In this case, the critics call the narrator ___. A. third-person narrator B. I-narrator
C. First narrator
D. Indirect narrator
18. ___ deals with the principles and practice of using a large body of machine-readable texts in language study.
A. Sociolinguistics
B. Psycholinguistics
C. Pragmatics
D. Corpus linguistics
19. Classified by different aims, there are four types of test. Which is not one of them?
A. Aptitude
B. Attitude test
C. Proficiency test
D. achievement test
20. Chomsky believes that language is somewhat innate, and that children are born with what he calls a ___.
https://www.360docs.net/doc/3f12794835.html,D
B.MT
C. S→R R→S
D. EST
Ⅳ. Match each in Column A with a term in Column B that best describes it (10 points)
Ⅴ. Write out the scholar that is closely connected with the concept or theory (10 points)
Ⅵ. Analyze two possible interpretations of the following ambiguous expressions by IC Analysis (10 points) Leave the boy at home
Ⅶ. Explain the following concepts or theories (20 points)
1. Language and parole (4 points)
2. Morpheme (4 points)
3. Explain the three major strands of psycholinguistics research comprehension, production and acquisition (4 points)
4. Stress (at word level) (4 points)
5. Computational linguistics (4 points)
Ⅷ. Essay questions (40 points)
1. Illustrate arbitrariness of language with examples. (10 points)
2. What is “compound”? Illustrate it with examples from English. (10 points)
3. Illustrate Austin’s claim about the type of sentences “performtives”. (10 points)
4. What are the contributions of sociolinguistics to language teaching? (10 points)
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自学考试高级英语试题1 课程代码：00600 全部题目用英文作答(英译汉题目除外)，请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上Ⅰ. The following paragraphs are taken from the textbooks, followed by a list of words or expressions marked A to Y. Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. One word or expression for each blank only. (25 points，1 point for each) One of the best current examples of what Horowitz is talking 1 is John Denver. His most 2 songs—“Sunshine on My Shoulders”, “Rocky Mountain High”, and “Country Road”— 3 the musical drive and power of 4 rock, while the lyrics celebrate the simple 5 of“the good old days”. It is all symbolized in my mind by the hugely successful art 6 that television has made 7 to the culture, the 30-second commercial: the tiny drama of the 8 housewife who finds happiness 9 choosing the right toothpaste. When before in human history has so much humanity 10 surrendered so much of its leisure to one toy, one mass diversion? They had no 11 of comparison and assumed that this was a 12 of his class, just as a traveler stepping off the liner at a foreign 13 for luncheon sums up a nation’s character forever in the 14 businessman who happens to 15 the table with him. Each week, for example, a record of the sales results of the 16 week for each sales office and for Sales Department as a 17 for each division of the company is kept and 18 to the sales results for the 19 week of the year 20 . But by and large the news reports and commentaries on CBS and NBC and ABC make every 21 to present viewers with more than one 22 of an issue，either by letting 23 spokesmen have their 24 or by outlining the positions held by both major parties on the subject 25 . II. Each of the following sentences is given four choices of words or expressions. Choose the right one to complete the sentence and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. (15 points, 1 point for each)
学位英语试题和答案
考试须知 1、本次考试试卷有试题册（试卷一）和答题纸（Answer Sheet)两种，答题时间 为120分钟。 2、请考生用钢笔在Answer Sheet上写上、学号、专业班级。 3、请考生在Answer Sheet上答题，写在试题册上的答案一律作废。 4、选择题每题只能选一个答案，多选作废。选定答案后，在Answer Sheet中找到相应题号，将答案对应字母（A\B\C\D）填写在题号后的括号里。注意保持字迹清晰工整，容易识别。由于字迹潦草、答案模棱两可甚至无法识别者，一律判为0分，责任由考生本人负责。 5、简答题、翻译和作文等主观题部分的答题请考生用钢笔书写在Answer Sheet 指定位置上。 6、考试结束，考生不得将试题册和答题纸带出考场。请把试题册和答题纸分别 上交监考老师。 Test 15 Part I. Situational Conversations (10%) Directions:In this part, there are ten short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that most appropriately suits the conversational context and best completes the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center of the corresponding letter． 1. Vivian: Christina! I haven’t seen you for ages. How are you? Christina: Fine. And you? Vivian: Pretty good. How’s Christopher? Christina: Oh, don’t you know? We got divorced two years ago. Vivian: __________ A. Hope you’ll be better. B. It is really a problem. C. What a pity! D.Oh, I’m sorry. 2. Richard: How much is it to rent an economy car? Tina: $15.00 a day or $95.00 a week, unlimited mileage. Richard: Could I have one for tomorrow morning? Tina: ___________________________ Richard: Sure. Here it is.