高考英语复习之常见介词讲解

高考英语复习之常见介词讲解
高考英语复习之常见介词讲解

高考英语复习之常见介词讲解

. 概述

介词又称作前置词, 是一种虚词, 不可在句中单独作句子成分.介词用于名词、代词前, 也用于相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句前, 表示与其他成分的关系.

二.介词的种类

英语中介词的数量并不多, 大致可分为三类.

1. 简单介词(只有一个单词) in,of,on,at,by,over,under,past,below

2. 复合介词(由两个介词合成为一个词)

into,outside,within,onto,inside,without

3. 短语介词(由两个或两个以上的单词结合而成) because of,out

of,instead of,according to,in front of,along with

三.介词的宾语

介词通常要带有自己的宾语, 介词宾语有下面几种.

1. 名词、代词作介词宾语

2. 动名词或动名词短语作介词宾语

3. 不定式或不定式短语作介词宾语

4. 从句作介词宾语

5. 数词作介词宾语

6. 副词作介词宾语

7. 介词短语作介词的宾语其他如:

till after supper 直至晚饭后

from among the crowd 从人群中

from among these 从这些中

from below the river 从河的下游

from under the books 从这些书的下面

四.介词短语的作用

1. 作定语

介词短语作定语时必须放在被修饰词的后面.

2. 作状语

3. 作表语

4. 作宾语补足语

五.表示某一时间或时间点的介词

表示时间的介词有:

in,after,during,for 宀表示一段时间(时间段)

at,on T表示一点时间(时间点)

by,till,until 宀表示期限(截止到)

through宀表示期间

within T表示在一段时间内

before宀表示在某一时间之前after宀表示在某一时间之后from,sinee宀表示时间起点

1.at

at 用于表示时间、时刻的某一点.

再如:

after 表示以过去时间为起点的一段时间以后,因

此通常与过去时连用;

in 表示从现在算起的一段时间以后,因此通常用于将来时或含有将来意义的句子

He eame baek after three days. 3 天后他回来了。

I 'll eome baek in three days. 我3 天后回来。

at ten o 'eloek 在10 点钟

at 8:10 在8 点10 分

at night 在夜间

at two sharp 在两点整

at half past five 在5 点半

at dawn 在黎明

at daybreak 在黎明

at sundown 在日落时

at midnight 在午夜

at还可表示”在... 岁(时)”.

He went to school at the age of six. 他6 岁上学.

2.on

on 用于指特定、具体的某天、某天的上午、下午、晚上也用

于星期几.

再如:

on Friday 在星期五

on Friday afternoon 在星期五的下午

on October 1 在10 月1 日

on a cold night 在一个寒冷的夜晚

on New Year 's Day 在新年

on one's arrival 在某人到达时

on one's return 在某人返回时

on/at the weekend 在周末

on August 20,2004 在2004年8月20日on the night of the 3rd 在3 日夜里

on the afternoon of Monday 在星期一下午on a fine evening 在一个晴朗的晚上

on the morning of July the first 在7 月1 日上午

on a warm evening in May 在5 月的一个暖和的晚上in the evening 在晚上

in the morning 在上午

on a winter evening 在一个冬天的晚上

on the morning of March 2nd 在3 月2 日的上午

3. by 和before

1) by表示”在……前,截至(到)……”,指一个时间点,句中谓语动词常用完成时态

2) before 表示”在……之前” , 指在某一时间点之前

4. after, in 和since

1) after 表示”在……之后” , 表示以过去时间为起点的一段时间以后,因此通常与过去时连用;

in 表示从现在算起的一段时间以后,因此通常用于将来时或含有将来意义的句子

He came back after three days. 3 天后他回来了。

I 'll come back in three days. 我3 天后回来。

I think he can come back in three days. 我想他3 天后可以回来。

2) after 除与时间段连用外,还可与时间点连用,此时则可用于将来时

in 不能与时间点连用

He will arrive after five o ' clock. 他5 点钟以后到。

He said that he would be here after 6 :00. 他说他六点

钟之后会来这儿.

My father is coming back from England in about a month.( 我父亲大约一个月以后从英国回来)

3) after可以与某些表示活动的名词连用,表示“在…之后”

in 不能这样用

after school 放学后

after class 下课后

after the meeting 散会后

after liberation 解放后

2)since 表示”自……以来” ,指过去某一时间延续到说话时, 句中谓语动词用现在完成时

I ' ll live in a new house after May 1. 5 月1 日后, 我将住在一所新房子里.(after 所在主句中的时态用将来时或过去时)

I have lived in a new house since May 1. 自5 月1 日以来, 我一直住在一所新房子里. (since 所在句中的时态用完成时)

5. till/until 和from …to

1) till/until 表示”直到……为止”,指动作或状态延续到某一时间

终止, 不再延续下去

2) from…to表示时间”从……至……”,指从一个时间点到另一个时间点

六. 表示一段时间的介词

这类介词有:after,in,during,for,within,through

1. after 和in

after 和in 均可用于一段时间之后, 表示”在……之后” , 但有区别.

1) ” after+ 一段时间” 指以过去时间为起点的一段时间之后, 常与过

去时连用

2) ” in+ 一段时间”指从说话时算起将来的一段时间之后, 常同一般将来时或过去将来时连用

They' l l build another bridge in a few years. 再过几年他们将

再造一座桥.

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