汽车专业英语复习资料

一、英译汉或汉译英

内燃机internal-combustion engine 传动系power train配气机构valve train点火系ignition system 火花塞spark plug 喷油器injector自动变速器automatic gearbox空气压缩机Air Compressor 转向器steering gears/box 柴油发动机diesel engine润滑系统lubrication system 排气冲程exhaust stroke压缩比compression ratio点火开关ignition switch 全驱动汽车all-wheel-drive 制动主缸master cylinder底盘chassis 盘式制动器disc brake 减振器shock absorber 万向节universal joint点火线圈ignition coil 悬架系统suspension system 凸轮轴camshaft

差速器differential 防抱死制动系统ABS (Antilock Braking System) 膜片弹簧diaphragm spring 保险杠bumper

节气门位置传感器throttle position sensor 商用汽车Commercial Vehicles承载式车身unitized body(or unibody) 点燃式发动机spark-ignition engine燃油喷射系统fuel injection system 曲轴连杆机构Crankshaft and Connecting rods System前轮驱动汽车front wheel drive car

前窗除霜器windshield defroster车速里程表Speedometer and odometer 行车制动系统Crane Brake System/ Running Braking System

非独立悬架系统Non-independent suspension system运动型多用途汽车SUV(Sports Utility Vehicle)

Unit1

1)The automobile's further development will be determined by already existing and steadily increasing requirements, by additional further requirements and by the technical possibilities for meeting these requirements. The following focal points for development and research efforts can be discerned.

汽车进一步发展将取决于现有的和不断增加的需求，通过额外进一步的需求和技术的可能性来满足这些需求。可以看出以上是开发和研究工作的焦点。

2)Further improvements of the automobile through product innovation in all classic functions, i.e. , performance , fuel economy , environmental impact , safety , comfort , and reliability .

汽车通过产品创新的进一步改善，在所有的经典功能上改善，即性能，燃油经济性，环境影响，安全性，舒适性和可靠性。

3)Further development of new technologies such as electrics, alternative materials, new test and production methods.

新技术如电子，替代材料，新的测试与生产方法的进一步发展。

4)Long-range solutions for traffic problems such as highway congestion, smog in cities and carbon dioxide enrichment of our atmosphere.

交通问题如公路的堵塞，城市烟雾和我们大气中的二氧化碳浓度增高的长期解决方案Unit2

1）A car usually has a piston engine. It consists of several moving parts: pistons, connecting rods, crankshaft, valve lifters, intake valves and exhaust valves. The cast iron or aluminum engine block holds the moving parts. The engine block has a series of holes which are called cylinders. The cylinders can be arranged in line or in a V-shape and in the upper part of the block. Each cylinder holds a piston and connecting rod. A circular ring is used to seal the small gap between the piston and the cylinder wall. The lower part of the block is called crankcase which holds the crankshaft with bearing mounts. Pistons are connected to the crankshaft by connecting rods.

轿车通常是活塞式发动机。它由一些可移动部件组成：活塞，连杆，曲轴，气门挺杆，进气阀和排气阀。铸铁或铝发动机缸体支撑着可移动部件。发动机缸体有一系列孔，称为气缸。气缸以直列式或V型排列，安装在机体上。每个气缸有一个活塞和连杆。一个圆形环是用来密封活塞与气缸壁之间的间隙。缸体下部称为曲轴箱,其中的曲轴轴承支撑曲轴。活塞与曲轴通过连杆连接。

2）The cylinder heads are the top covers of the cylinders which are tightly bolted to the top of the block . The cylinder heads contain combustion chambers. Each combustion chamber contains at least one intake and exhaust valve and one spark plug per cylinder. The valve are opened and closed in a specific sequence with valve lifters controlled by the camshaft.

The camshaft is connected to the crankshaft through a time belt.

汽缸盖是用螺栓紧紧连接在汽缸体上的最顶部遮盖。气缸盖包含燃烧室。每个燃烧室包含至少一个进气阀和排气阀以及每缸一个火花塞。阀门的开启和关闭有一个特定顺序并由气门挺杆通过凸轮轴控制。凸轮轴通过正时皮带与曲轴相连。

Unit3

1）The purpose of the lubrication system is to circulate oil through the engine. Many parts inside the engine, such as the camshaft, crankshaft, connecting rods, and piston are connected to other metal parts. When parts rub together, friction is created. Friction produces heat. Although two metal surfaces may appear smooth to the naked eye, they may look rough when seen through a microscope.

润滑系统的作用是通过发动机循环机油。发动机内部的很多部件，如凸轮轴，曲轴，连杆，活塞等连接到其他金属零件。当零件相互摩擦，就会产生摩擦力。摩擦力会产生热量。虽然肉眼看到的金属表面可能很光滑，但通过显微镜，他们的表面可能看起来是粗糙的。

2）An engine must have a good lubrication system. Without it, the friction heat from the contact of the moving parts would wear the parts and cause power loss. Oil, when placed between two moving parts, separates them with a film. This oil film prevents the parts from rubbing against each other. This oil film also cushions the parts, giving quieter and smoother engine operation.

发动机必须要有良好的润滑系统。没有它,由于运动部件相互接触而产生的摩擦热量会造成零件的磨损和能量损失。机油在两个运动部件之间形成油膜，把它们分开。该油膜阻止了零件彼此的摩擦。这油膜也可以缓和部件冲击,使发动机运转更安静,更平顺。

Unit4

1）The fan’s activity is not always necessary, and it takes power from the engine to the spin, For this reason a thermostatic control, or fan clutch is often used to reduce drive torque when it isn't needed (variable-speed fan) . 风扇的活动并非总是必要的,而它需要的动力来自发动机旋转。因为这个原因，当风扇不需要变速风机时，恒温控制,或风扇离合器,常被用来减少驱动力矩。(变速风扇)

2） A different type of fan uses centrifugal force to move its flexible plastic, by flattening them when the engine rpm is high (flexible-blade fan). The less angle the blades have, the less power they use. The idea of these units is to save horsepower and reduce resonant noise the fan makes.

不同类型的风扇,利用离心力来转动其灵活的塑料叶片，当发动机转速高时叶片被压扁,叶片的角度越低,他们消耗的能量越少。这种装置的目的是为了节省马力和减少风扇共振噪声。

3） A fan can have from four to six blades to suck the air through the radiator. Often the radiator has a shroud for the fan to keep it from re-circulating the same hot air that has collected behind the radiator. Many fans have irregularly spaced blades to reduce resonant noise

风扇可以有四至六片叶片吸进空气使其通过散热器。通常情况下,散热器有一个保护罩,让风扇不重新循环收集于散热器后面的相同热空气。许多风扇有间隔不规则的叶片以减少共振噪音。

4）Another function of the expansion tank is to remove air bubbles from the cooling system. Coolant without air-bubbles is much more efficient than coolant with air bubbles, because it absorbs heat much faster. The advantage of the expansion tank is that while the level of coolant contained in it rises and falls, the radiator is always full.

膨胀箱的另一个功能是从冷却系统里移除空气气泡。没有气泡的冷却液效率远高于有气泡的冷却液,因为它吸收热量快得多。这种膨胀罐的优点是当容器里冷却液的液面无论上升还是下降，散热器里的冷却液总是充足的。

Unit5

1）The injection pump in the jerk pump system is used to time, meter and pressurize the fuel. This is the most common and utilized system. The plungers are driven by a camshaft that is designed to control the injection characteristics of the engine.

喷射泵在脉动泵系统用于控制时间、仪表和加压燃料。这是最常见和可利用的系统。柱塞由设计用于控制发动机喷射特性的凸轮轴驱动。

2)Compared to gasoline engine, diesels have a number of important advantages. One is fuel economy. Diesel engines are unthrottled so pumping losses are reduced. This improves breathing efficiency for more fuel-efficient operation. Diesel engines also run much leaner air/fuel ratios than their gasoline counterparts, and have much higher compression ratios which improves thermal efficiency and helps squeeze even more power out of every drop of fuel.

与汽油发动机相比,柴油发动机有许多重要的优点。一个是燃油经济性。柴油机节流，所以泵油损失减少。这样就可以改善发动机进、排气效率,使其更节能高效运行。与汽油发动机相比，柴油发动机在更稀薄的空燃比下运行,以及有更高的压缩比,用来提高热效率和有助于压缩,使每一滴燃油产生更大的能量。

3)The injection system that delivers fuel to a diesel engine operates at much higher pressure than a gasoline; as much as 17400psi for traditional pump, line and injector systems (喷油泵-高压油管-喷油器系统)and up to 23000psi for common rail systems, compared to 35to 90 psi for most gasoline EFI system. The fuel is also sprayed directly into combustion chamber rather than into the intake port

喷射系统,与汽油机相比，其能在一个更高的压力下给柴油机供油: 相比于汽油机的电控燃油喷射系统的35-90磅/每平方英寸，传统泵、喷油泵-高压油管-喷油器系统高达17400 磅/每平方英寸，共轨系统高达23000磅/每平方英寸。燃料也可直接喷射到燃烧室而不是喷射到进气口上。

4) Diesel engines have no ignition system, so there are no spark plugs, plug wires or distributor to cause problems. The fuel is ignited by the heat of compression and is controlled by injector timing. For cold starting, diesels use a glow plug system as an additional heat source to aid in the combustion process until the engine is running and generating its own heat. 柴油发动机没有点火系统，所以没有由火花塞，插头电线或分电器引起的问题。燃料由被压缩的热能点燃，并且由喷油器定时控制。冷启动时，柴油机使用电热塞作为额外的热源援助，直到发动机运行，并且在燃烧过程中生成其自己的热量。

5) The HEUI System develops injection pressures as high as 18000-24000 psi . by applying high-pressure oil to the top of an intensifier piston. By varying the oil pressure, injection rate can be controlled independently of the crank or cam. Thus injection timing, rates , and pressures are no longer dependent on camshaft position, speed or cam ramp velocity. This is all controlled by a solenoid-actuated valve that determines when high-pressure oil is applied to the piston

柴油机燃油系统产生高达18000-24000 磅的喷射压力，将高压油送到增压器活塞。通过改变油的压力，喷射速率可以受到曲柄或凸轮的独立控制。此外喷射时间，速率和压力将不再依赖于凸轮轴位置、速度或凸轮加速的速率。而这都由电磁驱动阀控制，它能决定何时高压油适用于活塞。