初二英语下册知识点

1. 否定句型

1) 一般否定句

I don't know this. No news is good news.

There is no person (smoke)/not a person/not any person (smoke) in the house.

2)特指否定

He went to his office, not to see him.

I am sorry for not coming on time.

I don't think/believe/suppose/feel/imagine you are right.

3)部分否定

All the answers are not right//All is not gold that glitters

I don't know all of them.//I can't see everybody/everything.

Both of them are not right.

4)全体否定

None of my friends smoke.//I can see nothing/nobody.

Neither of them is right.//Nothing can be so simple as this.

5) 延续否定

You didn't see him, neither/nor did I.

You don't know, I don't know either.

He doesn't know English, let alone/to say nothing of/not to speak of (更不用说) French.

6) 半否定句

We seldom/hardly/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing.

I know little English. I saw few people.

7) 双重否定

You can't make something out of nothing.//What's done cannot be undone. There is no sweet without sweat.//No gain without pains.

I can't help /keep/ laughing whenever I hear it.

No man is so old but (that) he can learn.

8)排除否定

Everyone is ready except you.//He did nothing but play.

But for your help, I couldn't do it.

9)加强否定

I won't do it at all.//I can't see it any more.//He is no longer a boy.

2. 判断句型

1) 一般判断句

It is important for us to learn English.

It is kind of you to help me sincere means honest.

The boy is called/named Tom.

We regarded/consider it as an honor.

2)强调判断

It is English that we should learn.//It is he who helped me a lot.

3)弱式判断

Your sentence doesn't sound/look/appear/feel right.

You look/seem as if/as thought you had been there before.

Maybe/Perhaps/ she is ill.

He is probably ill.//He is likely ill. //It is possible that he is late

4) 注释判断

He can remember so many English words, that is (to say) he is a living dictionary.(活字典)

5) 正反判断

That sounds all right, but in fact it is not.

6) 比较判断

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It is more a picture than a poem.

7) 互斥判断

He or you are wrong. Either he is right or I am.

3. 祝愿祁使句式

1) 一般句式

Study hard and keep fit. Be brave! Don't be shy! Get out of here.

2)强语式

Do tell me. Never tell a lie.

3) 委婉祈使句

Please tell me the true. Would/Will/Won't do me a favor?

Would/Do you mind my smoking? What/How/ about going on foot?

4)建议祈使句

Let us go. Let us know the time. Don't let the fire out.

Let's not waste the time. You'd better start early.

Shall we listen to some music? Why don't you get something to drink? Suppose/supposing you pick me up at about six?

I suggest we (should) take the train.

5)祝愿句

Success to you! //Wish you a good journey.

May you have a happy marriage. //Here's to your success!

Allow me to propose a toast to our friendship!

4. 感叹句型

How well he speaks! //How kind she is! //What a nice weather it is! Here he comes! //Such is life! //Wonderful! // Help!

5. 疑问句型

1) 一般疑问句

Is he a doctor?//Do you the way to the station?

2)反意疑问句

He is a teacher, isn't he?//It is quite cheap, don't you think?

3) 特殊疑问句

What is the distance/width/size/population/temperature/fare?

Who is he? What is he?(干什么的)//What is he like? // How is he?

How do you like him? //What do you think of him?

What ever do you mean by saying this?

4)选择疑问句

He is a doctor or a nurse?

5)间接疑问句

Do you know how old he is? //Tell me if (whether) you like it.

What do you think/say/suppose I should do?

6. 数词句型

1) 表数目

It is exactly ten o'clock.//It is five miles away from here.

He is more than/over/ at least not less than 20.

He is under/at most/no more than 20.

2)表年月日

He was born on April 22 1994/in 1994 on the morning of Oct.1.

3)表年龄

He is 20 years old/years of age.//He is at the age of 10.

4)表倍数

It is four times that of last years.

This is four times as big (again) as that one.

This is four times bigger than that one.

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The income is double what it was.

The output of coal was 200% greater than in 1998.

5)表计量

It is 10 meters long/wide/high.//It costs me 100 yuan.

I spent 10 hours to finish it.//It took me 10 days to finish it.

It is worth 100 yuan.

7. 关联指代句型

1)两项关连

I have two books, one is Chinese; the other English.

I have five books, one is Chinese; the others English.

To say is one thing, but/and/ to do is another.

One the one hand, I am your teacher, and on the other hand, I am also you friend.

Some like to play football, others are fond of basketball.

2)先后顺序

First/firstly, I wish good health, second/secondly success in your study, third/thirdly good luck in everything.

First stop, then look, finally cross.

At first/in the beginning/ he word hard. Later/Afterwards he is not so diligent.

3)修饰限制

This is the same book as I lost yesterday.

This is the same book that I lost yesterday.(同一本书)

Don't trust such a man as over praise you.

He/One/Those/They who should come failed to appear.

A man/A person/The one/Anyone/People who saw her liked her very much. The day/time/moment will come when China is strongest in the world.

4) 两项连接

He can speak not only English but also French.

The book is both interesting and instructive.

It is neither cold nor hot.

Please either come in or go out.

The old worker has experience and knowledge as well.

5)加和关系

Besides literature, we have grammar and writing.

Apart from oxygen, there are some other gases in the air.

In addition to "if", there is many other conjunctions that can introduce conditional clauses.

I must go now, incidentally, if you want that book.

You seem to like tea, so do I.

8. 比较句型

1)等比句

He is as tall as I. // He is the same height as I.

She is no less diligent than he. The lab is no better than a cottage.

2) 差比句

I speak English worse than he does.//He is not so/as tall as I am.

Our knowledge is much inferior to their.

3) 极比句

He is the tallest of all in the class.

None/No one/ is so blind as those that won't see.

Nothing is so easy as this.

4)比例句

The more a man knows, the more he feels his ignorance(无知).

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5) 择比句

He is taller than any other boy in the class

It is better late than never.//They would die than live as slaves

He prefers doing to talking//He prefers to do rather than to talk.

He prefers mathematics to English.//I'd rather stay here.

6)对比句

You think me idle, but on the contrary, I am busy.

They are working hard while you are wasting your time.

9. 比喻句型

We must work like him.//He behaves as his father does.

He speaks English as if/though he was a foreigner.

10. 条件假设句

1) 一般事实

If we succeed, what will the people say?

Suppose it rains, what shall we do?

Persevere(坚持) and you'll succeed.

2)虚拟条件句

If I were you, I would go.//If you had seen it, you would have been moved. 3)反条件句

Unless you try, you'll never succeed.//Don't move, or/else/otherwise I'll shot.

4)唯一条件句

If only I have another chance, I shall do better.

Only in this way can we learn English well.

So/As long as we don't lose heart, we'll succeed.

5)推论条件句

Since that is so, there is no more to say.

Now that you are grown up, you must stop this behavior.

11. 时间句型

1)一般时

When I see him, I'll tell him.

2) 表同时

You'll grow wiser as you grow older.

Work while you work, play while you play.

He worked, at the same/in the meantime he listened to the music.

3)限制时

Every/each time when I went to his house, he was out.

By the time that we got there, he was out.

4)交替时

Sometimes he sings, sometimes he dances.

At one time the baby cries, at another it talks.

5)先时

I stopped hem before he began to talk with me.

6)后时

I'll tell you after I finish it.

7)紧接时

As soon as I see him, I'll tell him.

Once you begin, you must continue.

The (very) moment/instant (that) I saw him, I recognized him.

On hearing the news, she bust into tears.

Hardly had I seen the light, when I heard a loud thundering.

8)延续时

I haven't seen him since I came here.

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A friend is never know till/until a man have need.

12. 地点句型

1) 一般地点

Where have you been?

Where there is a will, there is a way.

2)方位

Hebei lies in the east of China.

Japan is lies to the east of China.

The house faces (to) the south.

He is sitting at the front of the classroom

He is standing in front of/before me.

He is sitting at the back of/behind me.

He is sitting in the back of/at the rear of the classroom. He is sitting next to/besides me.

He is sitting close to/near me.

At the top of/On top of the shelf, there are some books. He is sitting on the left/right.

The mountain you see to the right is the Purple Mountain.

13. 原因句型

He didn't go to school because he was ill.

Since we are all here, let's begin our meeting.

It might rain yesterday, for the ground was wet.

Now (that) we have finished the work, we can go home.

I am glad to meet you.

I am sorry that I hear that.

Thank you for your help.

That is why he failed to come.

He didn't come because of/on account of the weather.

He went out of curiosity.

I succeeded thanks to his help.

This failure is due to the fact they lack experience.

Owing to our joint efforts, the task was fulfilled.

What are studying English for?

For what reason did you choose this?

What's the point of asking his to do that?

How come you never told me about it?

What with the wind and what with the rain, our walk was spoiled.

14. 目的句型

He stopped aside so that she could go in.

He sits in the front in order that he can see words clearly.

He gets up early so as to/in order to have time to do exercises.

He repeated it for fear that there should be any mistake.

15. 结果句型

It was very cold, so that the river froze.

They cost a lot of money, so/therefore we use them carefully.

He is such a good man that every one likes him.

He ran so fast that no one could catch him.

He hurried to the house only to find that it was empty.

I was caught in the rain. As a result, I had a bad cold.

16. 程度句型

How often do you write to your parents?

How long do you stay at home?

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It is so beautiful that we all love it.

It is too big for you.

He is too excited to speak.

He is not old enough to know this.

The letter must be sent as soon as possible

You must work as hard as you can.

As far as I know, I can speak only English.

17. 让步句型

Though/Although he is rich, (yet/still) he doesn't show off. Yang as he is, he know a lot of things.

Even if/though he succeeded, he was not proud.

No matter what you say, I'll still try to do it.

Keep calm, whatever happens.

In spite of this, we must go ahead with our plans. Regardless of all the difficulties, we'll fight it out to the end.

18. 转折句型

I searched everywhere but could not find him.

You may go, only return quickly.

He is seriously ill, still there is hope of his recovery.

It looked like rain, however it was clear in the afternoon. He is still young, yet he is high up in the position.

He didn't tell me the truth, I know it, though.

19. 省略句

I think/say/suppose/expect/believe/hope so.

Why not come earlier next time?

练习

一、英汉词组互译

1. help sb. to do sth.________________

2. be married_____________

3. stay up_________________

4. at least ______________

5. a bit________________

6. used to______________

7. just now_____________________ 8. look for______________

9. look at______________________ 10. put out ______________

2.单选

1._____does he study English ? Evevy day

A When

B Where

C How long

D How long

2.Cathy____to the movies about ones a week.

A went

B go

C goes

D is going

3.She likes _________movies.

A watch

B watching

C watched

D is watching

4. It's very nice _____ come and see me.

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A.for you to

B.of you to

C.from you to

D.to you of

5. I'm interested in animal,so I _____ every Saturday working in an animal hospital.

A.pay

B.get

C.take

D.spend

6. ____Lucy_____Lily may go to the concert with you.Because they are not allowed to go

A.Either;or

B.Neither;nor

C.Both;an

D.Not only;but also

7. One of his parents is a doctor,( ) works in a school.

A.another

B.other

C.the other

D.the another

8. The teacher and writer ____ doing exercise this time yesterday.

A.is

B.was

C.are

D.were

9. He gets up early ,_____he can't arrive late for school.

A.and

B.but

C.so

D.because

10. His mother left him at home _____,he felt ______.

A: alone; lonely B: lonely; alone C: alone; alone D loneiy;ionely

11. There is only _______ time left .We must hurry

A.little

B. a little C few

D.a few

12..It _______ her ten years to make money ____the big house .

A.takes,to pay

B.take,pay for

C.took,paid

D.took,to pay for

13. My parents want me ________ at home every night .

A.stay

B.staying

C.to stay

D.staies

14. .My friend is angry with me .What should I ______ to him .

A.say

B.speak

C. argue

D.talk

15..He could do nothing except _________TV.

A.watch Bwatches C.watching

D.will watch

16. There's going to ____ a book show next week.

A: have B be C do D does

17. No one knows why _____ last for school again.

A he

B he did

C did he

D he was

18. When the teacher _____ a lesson,a strange man came into the classroom.

A gave

B gives

C given

D was giving

19. Tom is one of _____ boys in our class

A tallest

B taller

C the tallest

D the tall

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20. Which is ______,Li Lei or Wu Tong?

A strong

B strongest

C stronger

D the strongest

三. 适当形式填空

1. Yesterday I______(see)a small child

2. ______(watching) TV too much is bad for our eyes

3. There are lots of people _______(lie) on the beach .

4. They stayed in Shanghai for a few ________(day).

5. There are too few ________(tomato) in the fridge.

四.句型转换

1.I will get up early tomorrow.（改为否定句）

2 .I will join the English competition.(改为一般疑问句，并做肯定回答）

3. Linda has longer hair than Mary(改为一般疑问句）

4. My sister went shopping . She didn`t go to the movies（合

并成一句）

五.汉英提示完成句子.

1.我正在考虑怎样解决这个问题

I am think about_________ how to solve this problem.

2.你确定他回来吗？

Are you sure ____ he ____ come?

3. 你认为这项工作半小时后会完成吗？

Do you think the work ____ ____ ____ in half an hour?

4 .直到昨天下午5点，我们才离开公园。

We ______ _______ the park ________ five o’clock yesterday afternoon .

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5. 上周在他们到达北京之后，给我打个电话。

After they ________ ________ Beijing last week , they made a phone

call to me .

6.我不得不给他打个电话。

I ___________ call him.

7. “你会说法语吗？”“会一点儿。”

“ Do you know how to speak French?”“ Only _____ _____.”

8. 我们为什么不去买一个新的呢？

Why _______ _______ go to buy a new one?

9. 汤姆看起来累了，他需要好好休息。

Tom .He needs a good rest .

10. 你在等汽车吗？

Are you the bus ?

单选( ) 1. Timmy goes to school _________ every day. It's not far from his home.

A. in a bus

B. by planes

C. on foot

D. by boat

( ) 2. Do you know _________ during the coming summer holiday?

A. what will Tom do

B. what did Tom do

C. what Tom will do

D. what Tom did

( ) 3. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are _________ new words in it.

A. a little

B. little

C. a few

D. few

( ) 4. ---Would you like _________?

---Yes, please.

A. something to drink

B. have a drink

C. have a cup of tea

D. to something to drink

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( ) 5. -Mum, I'm going out with my classmates.

-OK, but you'd better ___________ back too late.

A. don't come

B. not to come

C. not coming

D. not come

( ) 6. My brother enjoys _________ to the radio.

A. to listen

B. to hear

C. listening

D. hearing

( ) 7. You _________ smoke here. It's dangerous.

A. needn't

B. couldn't

C. mustn't

D. might not

( ) 8. ---Is that Chris speaking?

---Sorry, he isn't in. He _________ abroad on business.

A. goes

B. went

C. has been

D. has gone

( ) 9. I called you last night but nobody answered the phone. What

_________ you _________?

A. are; doing

B. were; doing

C. do; do

D.

do; are

( ) 10. I'll go with you as soon as I _________ my work.

A. will finish

B. shall finish

C. finish

D. finished

( ) 11. Don't turn on the TV. Grandma _________ now.

A. is sleeping

B. will sleep

C. slept

D. sleep

( ) 12. ---It's Sunday. _________ go to the park?

---Good idea.

A. Would you please

B. Let's

C. Why don't we

D. Do you like

( ) 13. The radio is too loud. Please tell her to _________.

A. turn it down

B. turn down it

C. turn off it

D. turn it on

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( ) 14. Fish cannot live _________ water.

A. on

B. by

C. with

D. without

( ) 15. Henry doesn't have any time to show us around the city. We'll have to find _________.

A. someone else

B. else someone

C. one else

D. some one else

( ) 16. If Mike _________ up earlier, he can finish the work in time.

A. get

B. will get

C. gets

D. is getting

( ) 17. --- I am too tired.

--- _________ take a rest?

A. Why don't

B. Why not

C. Why not do

D. Won't

( ) 18. The teacher told us that the earth _________ around the sun.

A. traveled

B. is traveling

C. travels

D.

travel

( ) 19. --- _________ will your sister watch TV?

---Twice a week.

A. How long

B. How far

C. How soon

D. How often

( ) 20. The shirt is _________ small for me. I can't wear it.

A. too much

B. much too

C. too many

D. many too

( ) 21. I _________ my dictionary everywhere, but I couldn't _________ it.

A. looked for, find

B. found, look for

C. looked for,

looked D. found, find

( ) 22. ---Jim, put the meat in the fridge, or it will _________ bad.

---OK.

A. go

B. change

C. feel

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D. keep

( ) 23. _________ you ever _________ Paris before?

A. Have, been to

B. Have, gone to

C. Did, go

D. Do, you

( ) 24.---How long does it take you _________ from home to school?

---It usually takes about 25 minutes.

A. get

B. gets

C. to get

D. getting

( ) 25. I haven't read a story as _________ as this one.

A. interested

B. interesting

C. more interesting

D. more interested

( )26. Remember_________ your vocabulary notebook every week.

A. to check

B. checking

C. check

D. to be checked

( ) 27.You can walk up North Street to number 15. It's about __________.

A. a five minutes' walk

B. five minute's walk

C. a five-minutes walk

D. five-minutes-walk

( ) 28. Today is my mother's birthday. I want to cook __________ for my parents.

A. any different thing

B. different anything

C. something different

D. different something

( ) 29. ---________are you staying there?

---For about two weeks.

A. How long

B. How often

C. How far

D.

How soon

( ) 30. ________ it is rainy today, _________he still works outside.

A. Although, but

B. But, although

C. /, although

D. Although, /

Key、1-5 CCDAD 6-10 CCDBC 11-15 ACADA 16-20 CBCDB 21-25 AAACB 26-30 AACAD

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完成句子

1. 如果你努力学习，将来你的梦想肯定能实现。

If you study hard, your dream will ______________________.

2. 你如果明天有空，我们一起去滑冰吧。

If you are free tomorrow, let's______________________ together.

3. 邮局离这儿有些远，你最好坐车去。

The post office is a bit far from here.______________________ take a bus.

4. 为了支付学费，他在业余时间做了一份兼职工作。

______________________the tuition, he gets a part time job in his spare time.

5. 车马上就开了，请尽快上车。

The bus is going immediately, please______________________.

6. 请准时参加会议，开会之前我们要一起照张相。

Please_____________ the meeting_____________ , and we will_____________ together before the meeting.

7. 一场罢工在全世界发生了，我刚刚听说了这件事。

A strike_____________ all over the world. I just _____________it.

8. 玛丽很擅长数学，她在每次考试中都取得好成绩。

Mary_____________ math, and she every examination.

9. 刚才我花两个小时完成了这幅画。

I ________________ two hours ________________ the picture just now.

10. 汤姆年纪太小，不能开车。

Tom is ________________ young ________________ drive a car.

11. 他们的家庭生活和我们的相似，喜欢的食品和爱好也相同。

Their family life is ________________ ours, and they enjoy the same food and hobbies.

12. 工人们停下来休息是非常必要的。

It is _________________ for the workers to stop _____________________.

13. 暑期周游世界是个好主意。

It is a good idea _________________ during the summer holiday.

14. 在考试中，除了吉姆，没人取得进步。

__________________ Jim, no one ________________ in the exam.

15. 我愿意步行，不愿意骑自行车。

I _________________ walking _________________ cycling.

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Keys:

1. come true in the future

2. go skating

3. You'd better

4. In order to pay for

5. get on the bus as soon as possible

6. take part in, on time; take a photo

7. took place; heard about/of 8. is good at; does well in

9. spent, finishing 10. too, to

11. similar to 12. necessary, to have a rest

13. to travel around the world 14. made progress, besides

15. prefer, to

练笔1

假如你是学校记者站的小记者，在初二（3）班进行了一个关于中学生生活习惯的调查，请根据以下调查结果完成你的调查报告，并阐述你对结果的看法。

habits every day 2-3 times a week never

have breakfast 80% 15% 5%

eat fruit 60% 15% 25%

eat junk food 50% 40% 10%

exercise 40% 55% 5%

练笔2

校学生心理诊所开始接待同学了，作为在诊所工作的志愿者，请你根

据同学们普遍存在的问题，提出合理化的建议。

Problems: easy to be tired, feel stressed out before exams, have few friends, parents can't understand us

练笔3

期中考试就要到了，你都要做哪些准备呢? 你要怎样复习呢？请你根据同学们介绍的学习方法，制定出适合你自己的学习计划。

同学们的方法：

go over the textbooks carefully

read the notebooks to know the importance for each subject

put the exam paper in different groups

correct the mistakes in the exam paper

练笔4

假如你是Peter, 你的一家要在假期外出旅行，但一家人在出行方式上意见无法统一，请你叙述你父母的不同意见，并表明你的意见，说明理由。

family members transportation advantage

Peter’s mother plane fast, save time

Peter’s father train see beautiful view outside

Peter plane & ship …

练笔5

假设你是Linda，你的好朋友Lucy打算在11月7号(周六）下午6：00

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在家举办她的生日会，并邀请你出席，但是由于你很忙，所以不能参加，

请根据以上的提示完成下面的邀请卡和给Lucy的回信！

要求：1、回信的字数不少于60字。

2、把你周六的活动尽量写得具体些！

3、文中不得出现真实的姓名及信息。

练笔6

每个人都有自己的朋友，有的人喜欢各方面都跟自己比较像的朋友，有的人则喜欢跟自己有很大差异的朋友，你呢？请向大家介绍一下你的朋友，通过说明你们俩的相同点和不同点来说说你更喜欢交什么样的朋友并说明一下原因。

提示词：outgoing, friendly, easygoing, warm-hearted, hobby…

参考范文：

练笔2

The school clinic has just opened, and as a volunteer, I find that a lot of students have different problems.

Some students are easy to be tired and they always feel stressed out before exams. Some students have few friends and they have no one to talk to when they feel unhappy. Besides, many students complain that their parents can't understand them.

In my opinion, we study hard every day and suffer from too much pressure, so we need proper ways to relax, such as watching TV, listening to music and doing sports. When we meet difficulties, we can turn to our classmates, teachers and parents for help.

练笔3

The mid-term examination is coming. The students in my class are busy preparing for it. They have different ways to go over the lessons. Some students review the textbooks carefully. Some students read the notebooks to know the importance for each subject. Besides, a few students put the exam paper in different groups to know more about the important points.

In my opinion, we should try our best to correct the mistakes we have made before in the past exams. In this way, we will not make the same mistakes again. What's more, we should communicate with others so that we can make progress. I am sure we will do well in the mid-term examination!

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