篇章训练2答案及解析

议论文篇章阅读二
BCCCA

本篇文章是典型的分析—建议类的文章，

We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money. But most mistakes are about people. "Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen?" "When I got that great job, did Jerry really feel good about it, as a friend? Or did he envy my luck?" When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it's too late.
Why do we go wrong about our friends--or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don't really listen, we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, "you're a lucky dog". Is he really on your side? If he says, "Y ou're a lucky guy" or "Y ou're a lucky gal", that's being friendly. But "lucky dog"? There's a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn't see it himself. But bringing in the "dog" bit puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that he doesn't think you deserve your luck.

How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says square with the tone of voice? His posture (体态)? The look in his eyes? Stop and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake.
这是一篇典型的现象分析类议论文。通过浏览文章每个段落的开头字段“we can make mistakes, why, how”,可以初步判断是一篇提出问题，分析问题和解决问题的议论文。

通过略读主题句，我们可以分别在每个段落的开头位置找到三个段落的主题句，分别是We can make mistakes at any age，Why do we go wrong about our friends--or our enemies 和How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words，由此可以明确这篇文章是典型的分析-建议类型的议论文，以及了解每个段落的段落大意。

下面，通过查读来确定问题的答案。BCCCA

1. From the questions in the first paragraph we can learn that the speaker _____.

A. feels happy, thinking of how nice his friends were to him

B. feels he may not have "read" his friends' true feelings correctly

C. thinks it was a mistake to have broken up with his girl friend, Helen

D. is sorry that his friends let him down

答案：B。这是一道推理题，让你根据第一段作者所罗列的一些事实来判断作者的态度。

做这种推理题，不像细节题，你无法从文章中找到现成的答案，可是，推理是建立在事实的基础上的，所以还得回到原文中去寻找推理的事实依据。根据A，C，D的选项，A说作者感到高兴，他朋友们对他很好。C说作者认为跟他的女友分手是个错误，D说作者感到伤心，朋友们让他失望了。这几个选项都太片面，只是针对其中的一个事例来做出判断，不全面，所以选B，他认为他也许没有正确地理解朋友们的真实含义。

2.In the second paragraph, the author uses the example of "Y ou're a lucky dog" to show

that __________.

A. the speaker of this sentence is just being friendly

B. this saying means the same as "Y ou're a lucky guy' or "Y ou're a lucky gal"

C. sometimes the words used by a speaker give a clue to the feeling behind the words

D. the word "dog" shouldn't be used to apply to people

答案：C。这是一道根据句子推断句意题，跟猜测词义题一样，要把原句放到原文的语境中寻找答案。根据上下文的联系及对这句话的解释，可以判断出答案是C。

这道题很多同学选择D，这个选项的意思是“狗这个单词不能用在人身上”。可是，文章中的举例"Y ou're a lucky dog"不就用来指人了吗？所以，这是个明显错误的答案。

这道题也有很多同学选择B：这句谚语的意思是你是个幸运的家伙。但是第二段特别比较了”you’re a lucky dog “和”Y ou’re a lucky guy”这两句话的区别。后者是衷心祝福，友好的，而前者There's a bit of envy in those words（有一点嫉妒的意味）,所以不能选择B。

3. This passage tries to tell you how to __________.

A. avoid mistakes about money and friends

B. bring the "dog" bit into our conversation

C. avoid mistakes in understanding what people tell you

D. keep people friendly without trusting them

答案：C。这是一道主旨题。根据我们通过略读找到的位于段落开头的三个段落主题句，可以发现答案是C。

4. In listening to a person, the important thing is __________.

A. to notice his tone, his posture, and the look in his eyes

B. to listen to how he pronounces his words

C. to check his words against his manner, his tone of voice, and his posture

D. not to believe what he says

答案：C。这是一道细节题，通过浏览问题，可以了解这道问题的意图是询问如何做的问题，根据略读了解到的段落主题，答案应该是在最后一段提出建议中寻找，所以答案是C。

这道题很多同学选择A，在文章中确实也能找到这句话，可是A（注意他说话的语调，姿势和眼神）的目的是为了C（查看他是否言行一致），所以C比A更好。

5. If you followed the advice of the writer, you would __________.

A. be able to get the real meaning of what people say to you

B. avoid any mistakes while talking with people who envy you

C. not lose real friends who say things that do not please you

D. be able to observe people as they are talking to you

答案：A。这是一道细节题，我们可以在段落的最后一段中找到答案The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake （你花时间去思考人们话里的真正含义，可以帮助你少犯一个错误），少犯什么错误呢？误解人们的话。所以选A。

这道题很多同学选择D，请看第五段开头的主题句How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words(你如何才能辨别他人话里的真正含义呢？)，所以应该选择A。