2016年职称英语考试《理工B》真题

第二部分、阅读判断

The Theory of Everyone

If Stephen Hawking lives until the year 2017, he will have lived more than 50 years longer than hi s doctors expected. When he was a college student, doctors discovered that he had a rare disease . This disease causes a gradual disintegration(分解)of the nerve cells in the brain cells that regulate voluntary muscle activity. Death almost alway s occurs within two or three years.

Today Stephen Hawking cannot walk or speak. He cannot move his arms or his head. He cannot t aste or smell anything. And yet this man is Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University, a p osition held by the famous scientist Isaac Newton in 1669.

Hawking is often described as the greatest scientist since Albert Einstein, but to the world outside science, he is also known as the man who made scientific theory understandable. His book, A Bri ef History of Time, has sold over eight million copies.

He says that since he does not have to think about his body or do any of the things other men ha ve to worry about, such as washing the car or working in the yard, he can dedicate all of his time t o thinking. This puts him in the perfect position to find the answer to the question that he has de dicated his life to. His question is: Is there a complete theory of the universe and everything in it? Despite his tremendous physical disabilities, he has already made some very important discoverie s about the origin of the universe, how the universe holds together, and how it will probably end. He has also been able to explain the secrets of “black hole s” in space. Now he is looking for a set of rules that everything in our universe must obey. He calls it the Theory of Everything. He thinks that someone will have found the answer within the next 20 years.

If Stephen Hawking is able to find his Theory of Everything, he will have given the world the oppo rtunity to understand things that will change the whole nature of science and probably also the w ay we live.

16. Stephen Hawking will be 50 years old by 2017.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

17. Stephen Hawking suffers from a rare brain disease.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

18. Stephen Hawking is Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

19. A Brief History of Time is very difficult for students to understand.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

20. Stephen Hawking has much time to think because he doesn't have to work.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

21. Stephen Hawking has spent around ten years explaining the secrets of

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

22. The Theory of Everything is about the rules that everything in the universe follows.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

第三部分、概括大意与完成句子

Geothermal(地热) Energy

1 Since heat naturally moves from hotter regions to cooler ones, the heat from the earth's c enter flows outwards towards the surface. In this way, it transfers to the next layer of rock. If the t

emperature is high enough, some of this rock melts and forms magma(岩浆)The magma ascends in its turn towards the earth's surface. It often remains well below the ea rth's surface, creating vast areas of hot rock. In such regions, there are deep cracks, which allow r ainwater to descend underground. Some of the heated rainwater travels back up to the earth's su rface where it will appear as a hot spring. However, if this ascending hot water reaches a layer of i mpermeable(不可渗透的)rock, it remains trapped, forming a geothermal reservoir. If geothermal reservoirs are close en ough to the surface, they can be reached by drilling wells. Hot water and steam shoot up the well s naturally, and can be used to produce electricity in geothermal power plants.

2. A few geothermal power plants depend on dry-stem reservoirs which produce steam but l ittle or no water. In these cases, the steam is piped up directly to provide the power to spin a turb ine generator. The first geothermal power plant, constructed at Lardarello in Italy, was of this typ e, and is still producing electricity today.

3. Most currently operating geothermal power plants ar e either "flash" steam plants or binary(双重的)plants. Flash plants produce mainly hot water ranging in temperature from 300° to 700°Fahr enheitThis water is passed through one or two separators where released from the pressure of th e underground reservoir, it "flashes" or boils into steam Again, the force of this steam provides th e energy to spin the turbine and produce electricity. The geothermal water and steam are then re injected directly back down into the earth to maintain the volume and pressure of the reservoir. Gradually they will be reheated and can then be used again.

4. A reservoir with temperatures below 300° Fahrenheit is not hot enough to flash steam but it can still be used to generate electricity in binary fluid. The steam from this is used to power the turbines. As in the flash steam plant, the geothermal water is recycled back into the reservoir.

23. Paragraph1_____

24Paragraph2_____

25Paragraph3_____

26Paragraph4_____

A. Dry steam plants

B. Binary plants

C. Origin of geothermal energy

D. Generation of electricity

E. Flash steam plants

F. Recyclable water and steam

27. A geothermal reservoir is formed when hot water is trapped under _____.

28. A dry-steam reservoir produces steam with _____.

29. Flash plants produce hot water through _____.

30. In a binary plant, the heat of the geothermal water can be converted into _____.

A. the energy to turn a turbine

B. impermeable rock

C. one or two separators

D. turbine operator

E. little or no water

F. hot springs

第四部分：阅读理解（第30~45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇：

Can You Hear This?

When something creates a sound wave in a room or anauditorium, listeners hear the sound wave directly from the source. They alsohear the reflections as the sound bounces off thewalls. floor, and ceiling. These are called the reflected wave or reverberant(反射)sound, which can be heard evenafter the sound is no longer coming from the source.

The reverberation time of an auditorium isdetermined by the volume or interior size of the auditorium. It is alsodetermined by how well or how poorly the walls, ceiling, floor, and contents ofthe room (including the people) absorb sound. There is no ideal reverberation time,because each use of an auditorium calls for different reverberation. Speechneeds to be understood clearly; therefore rooms used for talking must have ashort reverberation time. The full-sound performance of music such ad Wagneroperas or Mahler symphonies should have a long reverberation time. The light,rapid musical passages of Bach or Mozart need a reverberation time somewherebetween.

Acoustic problems often are caused by poorauditorium design. Smooth, curved reflecting surfaces create large reflections.Parallel (平行的)wallsreflect sound back and forth, creating a rapid, repetitive pulsing https://www.360docs.net/doc/4317930288.html,rge pillars (柱)and comerscan cause acoustic shadows as the sound waves try to pass around the object.Some of these problems can be solved by using absorbers and reflectors tochange the reverberation time of a room. For example, hanging large reflectors,called clouds, over the performers will allow some sound frequencies to reflectand others to pass to achieve a pleasing mixture of sound.

31. This Passage is mainly about________.

A. sound waves and their acoustic effect .

B. the types of music orchestras play

C. walls of an auditorium

D. the design of an auditorium

32. Wagner operas and Mahler symphonies sound fuller in an auditorium with________.

A. a short reverberation time

B. a long reverberation time

C. an intermediate reverberation time

D. no reverberation time

33. This passage suggests that a good auditorium should________.

A. achieve a pleasing mixture of sound

B. get rid of all reflections

C. not have absorbers.

D. have smooth surfaces

34. Large pillars and corners may________.

A. make sound rich and full

B. be cures for sound problems

C. be sources of sound problems

D. function as well as clouds

35. The word-acoustic in the last paragraph has something to do with________.

A. performance

B. Music

C. sound

D. noise

第二篇：

Sports Star Yao Ming

If YaoMing is not the biggest sports star in the world, he almost certainly thetallest. At 2.26m, he is the tallest player in the National BasketballAssociation (NBA) and holds the record as the most towering Olympian ever to competein the Game.

But whatreally stands out about the giant center is his celebrity (名气). Few, if any, Chinese athletesare as well-known as Yao Ming around the world. People across the globe arefascinated with Yao, not only for his basketball prowess(接杰出的才能)but also for being a symbolof international commerce.

When Yaojoined the Houston Rockets as the No. 1 pick in the 2002 NBA draft he was thefirst international player ever to be selected first. His assets on the courtare clear enough 一no NBA playerof his size has ever possessed his mobility, so he is a handful (难对付的人)for opponents on either end ofthe court. But what makes Yao invaluable to the Rockets organization is hisrole as a global citizen and as a bridge to millions of potential basketballfans in China.

When itwas announced in February that Yao would miss the rest of the NBA season andpossibly the Olympics with a stress fracture (骨折)in his left foot, a collective shudder spread across China. Afterconsiderable debate and discussion, Yao opted to get his foot surgicallytreated in an operation that placed several tiny screws across the bone, tooffer his overburdened foot more support. The surgery was a success, and thoughthe estimated four-month recovery period will leave him little time to preparewith Team China. Yao has vowed to be ready for the Beijing Olympics.

Yaowrapped up a 10-day trip to China, where he underwent a series of traditionalChinese medicine (TCM) treatments, hoping to accelerate his recovery process.Western experts are generally skeptical of TCM’s benefits, although newresearch from the University of Rochester suggests that a certain compoundderived from shellfish may indeed stimulate bone repair.

“Thereis no reason to dismiss TCM, “Yao told a press conference in Beijing. “It’sbeen used in our country for thousands of years. I don’t think that it’s shorton science.”

36. Theword“towering”in Paragraph 1 means

A. large.

B. fat.

C. tall.

D. great.

37. Opponentsfind it very difficult to control Yao Ming because of his

A. mobility.

B. assault.

C. defense.

D. celebrity.

38. YaoMing had to undergo a series of TCM treatments because

A. hisright foot had been hurting.

B. he wanted to make a more rapid recovery.

C. thesurgical operation had been a failure.

D. hecouldn't afford all the medical expenses.

39. Whichstatement about Yao Ming is NOT true?

A. He missed the Athens Olympics.

B. Heis an NBA player.

C. Hefractured his left foot.

D. Heis an international figure.

40. Ingeneral, the Western experts' attitude towards TCM is

A. indifferent.

B. positive.

C. negative.

D. doubtful.

Smart Windows

Windows not only let light in to cut downon electricity use for lighting, but thelight coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are notsomething people typically associate with an advanced technology. Reseachersare now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change fromclear to dark and anything in between easily.

“It took us a long time to figure out whata window really is,”says Claes Granqvist. He’s a professor of solid-statephysics at Uppsala University in Sweden. “It contact with the outside world.You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.”So,windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel whenthey’re stuck indoors

Yet. windows are the weak link in abuilding when it comes to energy and temperature control. In winter cold airleaks in. When it’s hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlightcarries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people toturn on their conditioners. Producing blasts of cold air, which can feel so refreshing(使人清新的)，actually sucks up enormous amountsof electricity in buildings around the world.

Windows have been a major focus of energyresearch for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a varietyof strategies for coating, glazing (用玻覆盖)，and layeringwindows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further.They use chromogenic (发色的)technologies which involve changes of color.

Electrochromic (电致色的)windows use electricity tochange color. For example, a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemicalcompound such as tungsten oxide (氧化钨)works a bit like a batter. Tungsten oxides is clear when anelectric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, whenthe amount of voltage(电压)is decreased, the window darkens until it’s completely dark afterall electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether thewindow looks clear or dark.

One important feature that makes a smartwindow so smart is that it has a sort of“memory”. All it takes is a small changeof voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays thatway. Transits take anywhere from in10 seconds to a few minutes, depending onthe size of the window. The development of smart windows could mean thatmassive air conditioning systems may no longer be needed. “In thefuture,”Granqvist says, “our buildings may look different.”

31. Which of the following of values ofwindows is NOT mentioned?

A. Theylet light in to brighten the house.

B. Theylet light in to heat the house.

C. Theylet us have visual contact with the surrounding world.

D. They let us think about the outside world.

32. The expression “when it comes to “inParagraph 3 is used to

A. signalthe arrival of a guest.

B. indicatethe recovery of consciousness.

C. show our understanding of something.

D. introduce a new aspect of a topic.

33. According to Paragraph 4, smart windowsare the windows that

A. are coated.

B. are glazed.

C. have several layers.

D.can change color.

34. Whichparagraph gives an account of the way electrochromic windows……

A. Paragraphs 5.

B. Paragraph3.

C. Paragraph4.

D. Paragraphs6.

35. Asmart window is smart mainly because

A. itcan change its size.

B. itcan change its structure.

C. itcan change the voltage of electricity.

D. it has a sort of memory.

补全短文

What Is a Dream?

For centuries, people have wondered about thestrange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that thisnighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others，however，think that dreams are an importantpart of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us abouta person’s mind and emotions.

Before modern times, many people thought thatdreams contained messages from God. ___E________(46)

The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud1，was probably the first person tostudy dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are anexpression of a person’s wishes. He believed that dreams allow people toexpress the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express inreal life.

The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung2 wasonce a student of Freud’s. Jung，however，had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose ofa dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. ______F_____(47) Forexample, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high anopinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroesmay learn that they think too little of themselves.

Modern-day psychologists continue to developtheories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from theUniversity of California, Santa Cruz，believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person’s daily life,thoughts, and behavior. ______C_____(48)

Domhoff believes that there is a connectionbetween dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as muchas adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time todevelop.

He has also found a link between dreams andgender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. ____A_______(49)This is not true of women’s dreams.3 Domhoff found this genderdifference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, includingboth modern and traditional ones.

Can dreams help us understand ourselves?Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. _____D______(50)The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event willactually take place. It’s important to remember that the world of dreams is notthe real world.

A. For example, the people in men's dreamsare often other men. and the dreams often involve fighting.

B. Men and women dream about differentthings.

C. A criminal, for example, might dreamabout crime.

D. However, one thing they agree on this:If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn't panic.

E. It was only in the twentieth centurythat people started to study dreams in a scientific way.

F. He thought people could leam more aboutthemselves by thinking about their dreams.

完形填空

Warmer Climate Will Bake TropicalBugs

Globalwarming could cook tropical insects, with unpredictable knock-on effects, sayresearchers who warn that rising temperatures also______(51) tropical frogs,lizards (蜥蜴).

Temperaturesare ______ (52) to increase much faster in temperate(温和的) andpolar(极地的)regions than in the tropics. But no-one had looked at how warming would affectinsects and other cold-blooded animals ______ (53) had evolved in tropicalregions with little temperature variation.

CurtisDeutsch at the University of California at Los Angeles and colleagues analyseddata ______ (54) insect survival and reproduction for 38 species in differentecosystems(生态系统), andthen estimated how these values would ______ (55) with predictions of climatechange for the 21st century.

Theteam found that the reproductive ______ (56) of tropical insects tends to peakvery close to the temperatures where they normally live, but______ (57) sharplyat higher temperatures. This means that cranking up (提高)theheat only a small amount can exert a heavy toll, leaving insects unable toreproduce ______ (58) enough to keep up their numbers.

Temperaturetolerance

Temperateinsects reproduce well over a broader range, and do not live as ______ (59) totheir thermal(热的)limit, so they can reproduce successfully when their climate warms more than inthe tropics.

“Tropicalinsects do very well in a narrow band of temperatures, but move them above that______ (60) and they die,”says team member Josh Tewksbury of the University ofWashington in Seattle.

Theheart of the ______ (61) is temperature tolerance. emperate-zone insects haveevolved

to survive the much broader temperature swings of seasonal climates,than have their tropical relatives.

The______ (62) appears worse for animals that live in hot stable climate of thelower levels of tropical forests. Lizards in clear areas can find shade to cooldown, but those living in the forest are already in the ______ (63), andthere's not much they can do to get cooler, Deutsch says.

Too fewtropical insects have been studied so far to ______ (64) if any particulargroup will be particularly hard-hit, says Tewksbury. Insects play important______ (65) in forest ecology(生态学), including pollination, and eatingdetritus to recycle carbon.

Theteam are now starting to evaluate how temperature affects ecologicalinteractions of insects with other species, including crops such as Africancorn.

51. A. treat B. threaten C. help D. protect

52. A. demanded B. needed C. promised D. expected

53. ( ) A. while B. where C. that D. what

54. ( ) A. on B. in C. at D. with

55. ( ) A. meet B. spread C. decrease D. change

56. ( ) A. rate B. value C. system D. type

57. ( ) A. develops B. stops C. rises D. drops

58. ( ) A. fast B. typically C. firmly D. jointly

59. ( ) A. important B. possible C. close D. necessary

60. ( ) A. range B. order C. rank D.暂无

61. ( ) A. proposal B. project C. thesis D. problem

62. ( ) A. reason B. cause C. level D. effect

63. ( ) A. cave B. shade C. sunshine D. open

64. ( ) A. tell B. speak C. wonder D. doubt

65. ( ) A. tricks B. roles C. games D. rules