主动结构表示被动意义

主动结构表示被动意义

主动结构表示被动意义

主动结构表示被动意义是高中语法内容的重点和难点,也是高考的热点。英语中的被动语态是一种复杂的语言表达形式,它常常受到句意和谓语动词的制约,如“The material feels soft”不能写成“The material is felt soft”。现在谈谈主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况。

一、英语中,一般只有及物动词或不及物动词与介词、副词构成的短语才用在被动结构

中,不及物动词不能用于被动结构中。但某些不及物动词和短语动词的主动形式含有被动意义。

例如:

When did the accident happen?

交通事故是什么时候发生的?

When did the war break out?

战争是何时爆发的?

Ice-cream always goes well in summer.

冰淇淋在夏天总是很好卖。

二、有些及物动词,如act, add, burn, close, compare, cook, cut, digest, draw, feel, keep,

last, lock, open, pay, pull, read, sell, shut, smoke, spread, strike, teach, tear, wash, wear, write 等,在某些情况下用作不及物动词,其形式上是主动的,意义是被动的。例如:The shop opens from 9 a.m. to 10 p.m.

这家商店从上午九点到下午十点营业。

This kind of cloth washes well.

这种布很耐洗。

The clothes wear well.

这种衣服很耐穿。

The books sell well.

这些书很畅销。

三、一些表示状态特征的动词的主动形式表示被动意义,这种动词可分为如下几类。1.表示感官的动词:appear, look, seem, sound, smell, taste, feel等。例如:

The music sounds beautiful.

音乐优美动听。

2.表示保持某种状态的动词:keep, remain, stand, sit, lie, last等。例如:

The house has stood empty for months.

那房子空了几个月了。

3.表示变成某种状态的动词:become, get, turn等。例如:

Don’t ge t your new trousers dirty.

不要把你的新裤子弄脏。

4.表示证明和结果状态的动词:prove, turn out等。例如:

As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be correct.

随着时间的推移,爱因斯坦的理论被证明是正确的。

5.表示适合状态的动词:fit, suit等。例如:

The shoes don’t fit me.

这双鞋我穿不适合。

6.表示拥有状态的动词:belong to, have等。例如:

This dictionary belongs to me.

这本词典是我的。

四、一些表示“开始、结束、移位、运转”意义的动词。如begin, start, end, stop, drive,

ride, remove, run, change等的主动形式可以表示被动意义。例如:

The meeting will begin at nine.

会议将在九点开始。The tap stopped up.

水龙头被塞住了。

五、有少数动词,如cook, do, owe, print等的主动结构也可以表示被动意义。例如:The fish is cooking.

在煮鱼。

This paper prints well.

这种剪纸印刷效果很好。

六、在意为“需要”的几个动词如need, require, want后,用动名词的主动形式表示被动

含义。例如:

These babies require looking after carefully.

这些婴儿需要细心照料。

The plants want watering.

这些植物需要浇水。

注意:这些动词后面的动名词不能换成被动式,但可以换成不定式,其意思不变。例如:The car needs repairing. =The car needs to be repaired.

七、在“名(代)+be+形容词+to do”句型中,不定式与作主语的名词(代词)存在逻

辑上的动宾关系,所以该不定式必须用主动形式表示被动含义。例如:

The question is very difficult to answer.

这个问题很难回答。

He is easy to get along with.

他很好相处。

注意:在该结构中,不定式动词必须是及物动词,如果是不及物动词,需加上适当的介词。例如:

The chair is comfortable to sit in.

这椅子坐起来很舒服。

八、在“主+谓+宾+to do”句型中,不定式作句子宾语的定语时,该不定式与句子宾语

也存在动宾关系,所以该不定式也必须用主动形式表示被动含义。例如:

Today we have many exercises to do.

今天我们有许多作业要做。

In the past, they didn’t have enough food to eat.

过去,他们没有足够的食物吃。

注意:在该句型中,不定式动词也必须是及物动词,如果是不及物动词,也需加上适当的介词。例如:He had no house to live in.他没有房子住。

九、形容词后必须用动名词主动形式表示被动含义。例如:

The book is worth reading.

这本书值得一读。

The problem is not worth discussing.

这个问题不值得讨论。

十、不定式to blame, to let, to seek的主动形式也表示被动含义。例如:

He is to blame.

他应该受责备。

The house is to let.

房屋出租。

A better way is yet to seek.

还得找一种更好的办法。

主动形式表被动意义

主动形式表被动意义 1. 1)系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来), sound (听起来), prove(证明是), feel(摸上去感到)等,例如: Your reason sounds reasonable. Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. 2)一些与can't(不能)或won't(不会)连用的动词。常用的有: lock(锁住), shut(关上) , open(打开), act(上演)等,例如: The door won't open. It can't move. 3)一些与well(很), easily(容易地), perfectly(十分地)等连用的动词,如: sell(销售) , wash(洗), clean(打扫), burn(燃烧), cook(煮)等,例如: The book sells well. These clothes wash well. 4)用在“主语+不及物动词+主语补语”句型中的一些不及物动词,例如: This material has worn thin. The dust has blownsintosthe house. 2. 1)动名词 be worth(值得), want (=need)(需要), need(需要), require(需要)后所用的动名词,必须用主动结构表示被动意义,例如: These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully. Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut). 2) 作定语:不定式结构常表示动宾关系,即用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这种情形最常出现在“There+be+主语+修饰主语的不定式”和“及物动词+宾语(或双宾语)+修饰宾语的不定式”结构中,特别是“主语+have+宾语+修饰宾语的不定式”结构中,例如: He has a family to support. There is a lot of work to do. 当然,这里的不定式在个别情形下也可用被动形式,含义区别不大,例如: There is so much work to do/to be done. 在“主语+be+形容词+不定式”句型中,有时主语是不定式结构的逻辑宾语,这是应用主动形式表示被动含义。适合于此结构的形容词比较多,最常用的有amusing(有趣的),

主动语态变被动语态的几个特例

主动语态变被动语态的几个特例 一、含有双宾语的句子变为被动语态时,多数将主动句中的间接宾语变为被动句的主语,直接宾语作保留宾语;也可将直接宾语变为主语,间接宾语作保留宾语,但这时保留宾语前多加介词to或for。如:He gave me a new watch.→1) I was given a new watch. 2) A new watch was given to me. 二、含有复合宾语且宾语补足语是名词的句子变为被动语态时,只能将主动句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语,宾补不可变为主语。如:They call me Jim. →I am called Jim.(不可说:Jim is called me.) 三、主语为疑问词的疑问句变为被动语态时,用“By+疑问词(宾格)”置于句首。如: Who broke the glass? →By whom was the glass broken? 四、祈使句变为被动语态时,要改为“Let +原宾语+be+过去分词”。如:Close the window. →Let the window be closed. 五、带宾语从句的复合句变为被动语态时,多用it作形式主语置于句首,原宾语从句成为真正主语(从句),从句中也需用被动语态。如:People said that Lin Feng could take good care of the baby. → It was said that the baby could be taken good care of by Lin Feng. 六、含有谓语动词know的主动句变为被动语态时,不用by短语,需by改为to。如: We all know the scientist. →The scientist is known to us all. 七、no one、nobody等否定代词作主语的句子变为被动语态时,谓语

主动形式表示被动意义的十二种情况

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动名词主动表被动的三种类型

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主动语态与被动语态相互转换

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主动形式表被动含义

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动词的主动形式表示被动之意(附练习及答案)

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(完整版)主动语态变被动语态的几种类型

主动语态变被动语态的几种类型 一、含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构 有些动词,如give,tell,buy等,在句中作谓语时可有两个宾语,又称双宾语,即“间接宾语+直接宾语”结构形式。含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时,可以将其中一个宾语变为主语,另一个保留不动。一般是主动结构的间接宾语变为被动结构的主语。如果直接宾语变为被动结构的主语,间接宾语之前应加介词to(可省去)或for(一般不可省)。如: 1 . My mother gave me a pen.~I was given a pen by my mother.或:A pen was given (to) me by my mother.(介词to 可省略) 2 .He told her a long story.~She was told a long story.或:A long story was told (to) her.(介词to可省略) 3.Father bought me a new coat.~I was bought a new coat.或:A new coat was bought for me.(介词for不可省略)注意:被动句中强调间接宾语时,其前的介词to 不可省去。如: This apple is given to me, not to you.这个苹果是给我的,而不是给你的。 二、含复合宾语的主动结构变为被动结构 复合宾语指的是“宾语+宾语补足语(简称宾补)”这一结构形式。含复合宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时,只将主动结构中的宾

语变为被动结构的主语,宾语补足语保留不动。可充当宾语补足语的有名词、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、介词短语等等。如: 1.They call her Xiao Li.(主动结构,宾补为名词Xiao Li )~She is called Xiao LI.(被动结构) 2.They chose Tom monitor.(主动结构,宾补为名词monitor)~Tom was chosen monitor.(被动结构) 3.He told me to wait for you.(主动结构,宾补为不定式短语to wait for you)~I was told to wait for you.(被动语态) 4.I found him lying on the floor.(主动结构,宾补为现在分词短语lying on the floor)~He was found lying on the floor.(被动结构) 注意:在主动语态的句子中,谓语动词make的宾语补足语如果由动词不定式充当,则该动词不定式不带to。感官动词see,hear,watch等,也有这种用法。但当谓语动词是let时,其被动结构后的不定式仍不带to。例如: They made him go.(主动结构,宾补为不带to的不定式go)~He was made to go.(被动语态) They let John go.(主动结构)~John was let go.(被动结构) 三、含情态动词的主动结构变为被动结构

用主动形式表达被动意义

用主动形式表达被动意义 一、1、一类表示感觉、感官等的连系动词,要用主动形式表被动时,常见的动词有:feel,look,smell,sound,taste等。 The water feels cold. Sugar tastes sweet. Your idea proved to be wrong. He turned out (to be) a thief. His advice proved (to be) very helpful. 2.一类及物动词(sell, write, read, wash等)表示主语的特征或状态,而不是强调动作本身时,要用主动形式表达被动意义,后面常跟adv.修饰。 The material washes easily. The door won’t shut. The book sells very well. The pen writes smoothly. (Note:这类动词也可有被动语态,但此时强调动作的发出) The shirts were cheap and sold out fast. 二、特定动词,如need,require,want等(“需要”),如果物作主语,要用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动式作宾语。 Your composition needs rewriting.(=Your composition needs to be rewritten) The car wants repairing.(=The car wants to be repaired) 三、动词不定式结构。有些动词不定式结构在句中作定语时,往往用不定式的主动来表达被动含义。 There are a lot of problems to deal with. I have a lot of work to do. be to blame, be to let 等也用主动结构表示被动含义。 You are to blame. The house is to let. 四、形容词(词组) 有些adj如easy, difficult, hard, heavy, expensive等,它们后面接的不定式常用主动形式表达被动含义。 The physics problem is easy to work out.

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英语语法之主动语态和被动语态

英语语法之主动语态和被动语态 英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。初中阶段的被动语态有五种时态,我们可以从以下方面进行小结:一、被动语态的时态及结构(以动词do为例) 结构:主语+ be + 过去分词 时态:1. 一般现在时:am (is, are) done. 2.带情态动词的被动语态:must (can, may, should, need, would) be done 3. 一般过去时:was (were) done 4. 一般将来时:will (shall) be done 5. 现在进行时:am (is, are) being done 6. 现在完成时:have (has) been done 二、从初中阶段所学五种基本句型谈变被动语态时应注意的问题。 1.主语+ 连系动词+ 表语(S+V+P) 此结构不可用被动语态。 (正) The flowers smell sweet. (误) The flowers are smelt sweet. 2.主语+ 不及物动词(S+V) 此结构不可变被动语态。 (正) An accident happened last night. (误) An accident was happened last night. 3.主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语(S + V+ O) (1)将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语 Children often sing this song This song is often sung by children. (2)将含有介词或副词的动词短语变为被动结构时,不可将介词或副词去掉。 We should listen to the teachers carefully. The teachers should be listened to carefully. 4.主语+ 及物动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语(S + V+ IO+ DO) (1).将表人的间接宾语变为主语,直接宾语不变。 He showed us a picture . We were shown a picture. (2).将指物的直接宾语变为主语,要在间接宾语前加介词to或for. 常用加to的动词give, show, pass, read等 常用加for的动词buy, get, make, sing, draw 等 A picture was shown to us. A dictionary was bought for me by my parents. 5.主语+及物动词+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语(S+ V+ O + C) 如动词为make, see, hear, watch 等,后接宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时,变被动语态时要加上“to”。 I saw him fall off the tree. He was seen to fall off the tree. 6. "be + 过去分词" 并非都是被动语态,系动词be, feel, seem,look,等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词,作表语用,表示某种状态。 I'm interested in mathematics. 我对数学感兴趣。 7. 某些动词用主动语态来表示被动含义。The woman's clothes sell well. 女装卖的快。This book sells best.这本书很畅销.

主动形式表示被动意义的十二种情况

英语的被动意义除了用及物动词的被动语态形式表示外,还可以用其他方法来表示,就像在汉语中并非一定要用“被”字来表示的被动意义一样。我们把这种用法称之为“主动表被动”,下面笔者就这种可以用主动形式表示被动意义的场合归纳如下。 1.用某些不及物动词表示被动意义,如:carry, cut, drive, iron, keep, lock, open, pick, read, shut, tear, wash, wear, write等等。这类动词既能作及物动词,也能做不及物动词。作不及物动词时,形式上虽为主动,却表示被动意义。例如:Meat cuts easily.肉容易切。 His novel sells well.他的小说畅销。 The car drove easily.这车很容易开。 Your pen writes quite smoothly.你的笔写起来很滑。 2.某些表示感觉动词的动词可以用主动形式表示被动意义。例如: This shirt feels much softer than that one. 这件衬衫比那件衬衫摸起来柔软得多。 That book smells old.那本书有一股霉味。 These oranges taste nice.这些橙子味道很好。 3.有少数动词(bind, cook, do, owe, print)的进行时有时有被动意义。在这种用法中,句子的主语都一般是指物的。例如: The magazine is binding(printing).这本杂志正在装订(印刷)。 He paid all that was owing.欠的钱他都还了。 The meat is cooking.正在火敦肉。 4.动词get, come, go之后接过去分词,表示被动意义。get的这种用法局限于口语和非正式的书面语言,更强调动作的结果而非动作本身,并常用来表示突发性的、出乎意料的偶然事件。而come和go常接含否定意义的过去分词。例如: After working selflessly in here for several years, Mr Li got promoted at last.李先生在此地无私地干了好几年,终于得到提升。 They got delayed because of the holiday traffic. 由于节日交通阻塞,他们被耽误了。 The buttons on my coat came undone.我上衣的扣子松开了。 The woman's complaints went unnoticed.那位女士的投诉无人理睬。 5.在need(want, require, deserve, etc.)doing句型中,动名词(doing)相当于动词不定式的被动式(to be done),在意思上没有多大差别。例如: The garden needs watering(to be watered).花园需要浇水。 The problem requires studying(to be studied) with great care. 这个问题需要仔细研究。 These jobs want doing(to be done) at once. 这些工作需要马上就做。 6.在bear doing, stand doing, be worth doing结构中习惯上用动名词形式,而不用动词不定式。其中值得注意的是,在be worth doing句型中,只能用动名词的主动式,而在be worthy to be done中,才能用动词不定式的被动式,两者不可混淆。例如: That won't bear thinking of.那是不堪想像的。 The little girl can't stand criticizing.小女孩经不起批评。

动词不定式主动形式表示被动意义

动词不定式主动形式表示被动意义 1、look ,feel ,smell, sound, taste等系动词在句中做谓语 This coat feels very soft and smooth. Her voice sounds very pleasant.. The dishes taste delicious. 2.有些动词做不及物动词,用来表示主语的内在品性或性质。 如:wash, clean, cook, iron, cut , sell, read, wear, feel , draw, write , sell 等 The book sells well. This knife cuts easily. My new pen writes well. 3.在need , require, want , worth (adj )后的动名词可以主动表被动 The door needs repairing. This book is worth reading. Her mother is ill .She needs looking after. 4.在疑问词what/which/whom+不定式结构中,主动表被动 I don’t know which to choose . He asked me what to do . 5.在某些固定句型中, 动词不定式作定语, 用主动形式表被动意义。 1)have(give, show)sth. to do 在这种句型中的不定式与前边的名词有动宾关系, 又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系。例如: I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. to do与things是动宾关系, 与I是主谓关系。否则, 在表示被动意义时, 仍需要被动式。试比较: Have you anything to do this afternoon? 今天下午你有事要做吗? (to do是由you发出的) Have you anything to be taken to your parents? 你有要带给你父母的东西吗? (谁带不得而知) 再如: Please get me something to read. 请给我弄点读的材料。 He'll show you the right path to take. 他会给你指出要走的正确的路。 There is much work to do. Have you any questions to ask? Would you like something to drink? 2)It(This, That)+be+a/an+adj. + n. +to do 在这种句型中, 不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系。动词不定式可改为动词不定式复合结构。 例如: This is a difficult question to answer. 这是个难答的问题。 question与to answer为动宾关系。to answer可改为 for me to answer。

最新主动语态变被动语态专题练习

主动语态变被动语态专题练习 一、将下列主动语态的句子变为被动语态 1.Teachers must take good care of the student. 2. Was another man-made satellite sent up into the space by them last week. 3.People plant many trees on either side of the street each year. 4.Li Lei mended the bike. 5. A famous American writer wrote the book Red Star Over China years ago. 6.Two years ago we used that machine to make shoes for children. 7. Ken is often heard to apologize to his teacher. 8.People there didn’t plant any trees last year. 9. We call him David. 10.We will plant some trees in the garden this year. 11. Do young people usually listen to pop music? 12.We should help the disabled people. 13. Jenny showed me the picture. 14.My mother gave me a dictionary as a birthday present.

英语中主动形式表被动的用法

英语中主动形式表被动的用法 1.表示被动含义的主动动词 1)系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来), sound (听起来), prove(证明是), feel(摸上去感到)等,例如: Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很合理。 Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. 良药苦口。 2)一些与can't(不能)或won't(不会)连用的动词。常用的有: lock(锁住), shut(关上) , open(打开,营业), close(关门), cut(切割), weigh(重), act(上演),例如: The door won't open. 这门打不开。 It can't move. 它不能动。 This shop opens much earlier than it used to. Each stone weighs 2 tons. 3)一些与well(很), easily(容易地), perfectly(十分地)等连用的动词,如: sell, wash, clean, burn, cook, wash, write, last, read, wear等。这种“动词+副词”结构,常表示事物内部特有的属性。例如: The book sells well. 这种书很畅销。 These clothes wash well. 这些衣服很耐洗。 4) 用在“主语+不及物动词+主语补语”句型中的一些不及物动词, 例如: This material has worn thin. 这料子已磨薄了。 The dust has blown into the house. 灰尘被风吹进了房子。 This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long. The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly. Written in simple English, this article reads easily. 5) 某些不及物动词,如happen, occur, cost以及短语,如come out(出版), come up (出现), come into being(产生)come to one’s mind(想起), turn out(证明是), come about(发生), break out(爆发), belong to(属于)等,本身表被动含义,所以它们常用主动形式。 The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century. Suddenly an idea came to his mind. It never occurred to me to phone you. 2.表示被动含义的主动结构 1)动名词 be worth(值得), want (=need)(需要), need(需要), require(需要)deserve(应该)等后所用的动名词,必须用主动结构表示被动意义,例如: These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully. 这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。 Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut). 你的头发该剪了。

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