英语常用介词短语及动词短语

英语常用介词短语及动词短语

一．相近介词和介词短语

1. With the help of 在～～帮助下

under the leadership / care of在～～领导／关心下2. be strict with sb.对～人要求严格

be strict in sth.对～事要求严格

3. at present=at the present time目前

for the present暂时

4. in the sun/sunshine在阳光下

under the sun在世界上

5. lie in 位于～～之内

lie on同～～接壤

lie to位于～～之外

6. at least至少

in the least丝毫，一点

7. by name名叫

in the name of以～～名义

8. in the air空中，在流传

on the air播出

9. in the way挡路，障碍，用～～方法

in a way在某点上，在某种程度上

get one’s own way to do随心所欲

give way让步，屈服

lose one’s way迷路

by the way顺便说一下

on one’s way to在去～～的路上

Come this way这边走

10. at the corner在拐角处（外角）

in the corner在角落里（内角）

on the corner在角落上（外角上）

11. judge by / from根据～～来判断

judge for oneself由某人自己来判断

12. at the end (of)在～～结束时

at the beginning of在～～开始时

at the back of在～～背后，支持

at the age of～～岁时

at the foot of在～～脚下

at the bottom of在～～底部

at the top of在～～顶上

at/on the edge of在～～边上

13. in the course of在～～过程中

in the eyes of从～～观点看来，在～～眼里

in the face of面对～～，尽管，纵使

in the middle of在～～中间

in the end =at last=finally最后

14. on the eve of在～～前夕

on the side of在～～一边

15. after a time = after some time过一段时间后

for a time = for some time一时，有一段时间

16. behind time迟到，过期

behind the times落在时代后面

17. at no time决不

in no time立即，马上

18. at one time = once time曾经

at a time = each time每次

at times = sometimes有时

at all times经常，一直，始终

at the same time同时

at the time在～～的时候

by the time到～～的时候

19. for a moment一会儿

for the moment暂时

at the moment当时

the moment /minute /instance正当～～一刹那

20. once or twice一两次

more than once不止一次

once more重新，又

once upon a time从前

once in a while偶尔

二．归类记忆

1. be on show / display / play / sale / strike / duty / trial

2. be of value / importance / use / no use / color / age / size / height / weight / significance

3. to one’s joy / surprise / pleasure / astonishment / sorrow / delight

4. in surprise / wonder / alarm / terror / horror / delight

5. by air / bicycle / boat / bus / car / letter / post / plane / telephone / train / wire

6. at daybreak / sunrise / dawn / noon/ dark / night

7. out of breath / control / question / sight

8. in fact / reality / substance / nature / practice / theory / short / brief / a word / detail / all / average

/ full / time / fashion / existence / turn / vain / haste / appearance / common / sum/

general / particular / public / secret / order / part / power / stock / case / bed / future / name / addition / sight

9. on duty / shift / holiday / leave / business / purpose / time / sale / show / board / hand / record /

request / root / earth / farm / principle

10. for example / instance / all / good / nothing / convenience / short / fear / sale

11. by weight ( volume size number~~ ) / profession / definition / rule / turn / chance/ accident/

mistake / hand / train ( bus ,taxi ,ship ,boat ~~) / air / land / force / day / nature / sight

12. at most / least / best / worst / once / first / last / home / school / will ( at will:任意) / work /

night / midnight / daybreak / dawn / present / length / large

13. as above / below / following / over / usual / before / a matter of fact

14. above all / measure / normal

15. before all / long / time / now / then

16. after all / class / school

17. out of action / order / condition / use / operation / step / joint / repair/ gear / balance / range/

doubt / date / danger / hand / shape / place / question / stock /

18. with caution / interest / difficulty / ease / advantage / effect / reason / vigor / reserve / success /

confidence

19. beyond comprehension / conception / description / expression / doubt / control / reach / power /

measure / grasp / compare / controversy / dispute / hope / example

20. under age / discussion / test / way / repair

三．组合记忆

（１）由两个词组成的复合介词．

1. 以of结尾

ahead of , aside of , because of , east of , west of , instead of , short of , lack of , regardless of

2. 以to结尾

according to , as to , counter to , due to , owing to , next to , previous to , prior to , apostle to ,

relative to , subject to , subsequent to , on to , thanks to

3. 以with结尾

along with , together with

4. 以for结尾

as for , but for , except for , save for

5. 以from结尾

from above , from below , from among , from between , from beneath , from behind , from over

（２）由三个词组成的复合介词．

1. 以in开头

in addition to , in advance of , in agreement with , in case of , in charge of , in comparison with

in consequence of , in consideration of , in (the) course of , in contrast with , in the face of ,

in favor of , in front of , in honor of , in (the) light of , in the middle of , in the name of ,

in need of , in obedience to , in opposition to , in place of , in preference to , in (the) process of

in regard to , in reply to , in respect of

2. 以by开头

by means of , by order of , by reason of , by virtue of , by way of

3. 以at开头

at the beginning of , at the cost of , at the end of , at the hands of , at mercy of , at the point of ,

at the risk of

4. 以with开头

with an eye to , with the exception of , with the purpose of , with reference to , with regard to,

with respect to , with a view to , with the view of

5. 以for开头

for the benefit of , for fear of , for lack of , for the good of , for the sake of

6. 以under开头

under cover of , under pain of , under the present of

7. 以on开头

on account of , on behalf of , on the occasion of , on the part of , on the point of , on top of 四．省略介词，意义不变

1. I will share (in) the pleasure with him.

2. I spent two hours (in) reading the article.

3. I’ll write (to) you a letter.

4. He plays (on) the piano every evening.

5. Smith has traveled (through) China.

6. They are fighting (against) their enemy.

7. Please fill (in) the blanks in the following.

8. The houses face (to/on) the south.

9. She scolded (at) her child yesterday.

10. It is (of) no use talking.

11. There is no use (in) talking.

12. We couldn’t prevent them (from) getting married.

13. He is busy (in) preparing for the exam.

14. I have studied English (for) ten years.

15. This shirt doesn’t fit (for) me.

16. I want a place to live (in) .

17. You ought to break (off) this habit.

18. She always share (in) my troubles as well as (in ) my jobs.

五．动词词组及短语

1. 以break为中心的词组

break away from 脱离，逃离

break down 破坏，粉碎；瓦解；出故障，抛锚

break in 闯进，打断；使顺服

break into 闯入；强行进入；突然开始

break out 爆发，发生；准备使用；起锚

break the law 违反法律

break the record 破记录

break one’s promise 失言

break up 开垦，破碎；解散，分开，分解

2. 以catch为中心的词组

be caught doing 被发现做某事

be caught in the rain 淋雨

catch a bus/train 赶汽车/火车

catch a cold 伤风，感冒

catch one’s word 听懂某人的话

catch sight of 发现，瞥见

catch up with 赶上，追及，追上

3. 以come为中心的词组

come across 偶尔发现，想起；越过；偿付

come along 一道来，陪伴；进步，进展；出现

come at 达到，求得，得到；扑向，袭击

come back 回来；恢复，复原

come down 倒下；降落；跌落；病倒

come from 来自，起源于，从~~产生，生于

come in 进来，进入；流行起来；获名次

come into being 发生，产生，出现，形成

come into power 开始执政，当权，当选

come into use 开始使用，获得应用

come on 上演；开始；赶快；发展；登台；（问题）被提出come out 出来，传出；出版；结果是；褪色；（秘密）泄露come to 苏醒，复原；共计；达到；归结于

come to an end 终止，结束

come to know 开始了解到

come true 实现，成为现实；证实

come up 走近；上楼；长出，发芽

4. 以do为中心的词组

be done in 精疲力竭

be done with 完全结束

do a good deed 做一件好事

do away with 去掉，废除；弄死；浪费

do good to (=do sb. good) 有益于

do harm to (=do sb. good) 有害于

do its work 有效，有作用

do much 极有用

do wrong to 做错

do one’s best 尽某人最大努力

do one’s homework 做作业

do one’s utmost 尽力而为

do proud 足以使~~骄傲

do sb. justice 公平对待某人

do some cleaning (V+ing,etc.) 搞卫生

do sb. a favor 帮助某人

do well in 学得不错，干得漂亮

do with 和~~相处，忍受，处理

do without 不需要，不用

do wonders 创造奇迹

have much to do with 和~~很有关系

have nothing to do with 与~~无关

have something to do with 和~~有关

in doing so=in so doing 这时，在这种情况下

That will do. 行了；够了

5. 以get为中心的词组

get about 徘徊，走动，旅行；流传

get above oneself 自视高傲

get accustomed to 习惯于，对~~习以为常

get across 度过，通过，横过；说服，使理解

get ahead of 胜过，超过

get along 前进，进步；同意；离去

get along with 与~~相处

get at 发现，了解；掌握；攻击

get away 离开，逃脱

get back 取回，回来；报复

get behind 落后；识破

get down 咽下；写下；使沮丧，使抑郁

get down to 认真对待，静下心来

get familiar with 熟悉

get hold of 获得，取得

get home 到家

get in 进入，陷入；牵涉

get off 送走；脱下（衣服）；下车；动身

get on 上车；穿上；进步，使前进；成功；相处

get upon with 进步；在~~方面获得成功

get one’s hand in 熟悉；习惯

get out of 由~~出来，从~~得出；避免；退休

get over 越过；恢复，痊愈；克服；完成

get ready for 为~~作准备

get rid of 除去，去掉；免除，摆脱

get through 到达，完成，通过；及格

get together 积聚，积累；商谈，取得一致意见

get up 起床，起立；研究，钻研；致力于；安排，组织get used to 习惯于

have got to do 不得不，必须

6. 以give为中心的词组

be given to 沉溺于，癖好

give about 分配；传播

give and take 相互迁就

give away 赠送；牺牲；泄露；颁发

give back 归还

give cause 给予~~的理由

give ear to 侧耳倾听

give forth 发出，放出；发表

give in 屈服，让步，投降

give in to 同意，接受；向~~让步

give off 发出（烟，气味）

give oneself out to be/as 自称为

give oneself up to 专心于；向~~自首

give out 分发，公布

give place to 让位于，被~~所替代

give rise to 引起，导致；使~~发生

give sb. to understand 通知某人

give up 放弃；停止

give way to 让步，退却；屈服于

7. 以look为中心的词组

look about 四下环顾；查看

look after 照顾，看管

look around 东张西望

look at 注视，着眼于

look back 回顾

look for 寻找；期待，期望

look down on 俯视；轻视

look forward to 盼望，期待

look into 窥视；调查；浏览

look like 看起来象

look on 旁观；面向

look out 向外看；注意；当心，堤防

look over 从上面看过去；检查

look through 透过~~看去；看穿；浏览

look up to 仰望，尊敬

8. 以make为中心的词组

be made from 由~~原料制成

be made of 由~~材料制成

be made up of 由~~组成

make a fool of 愚弄，欺骗

make a mistake 弄错

make a point of doing 强调；认为~~重要；决心，坚持make advantages/use of 使用，利用

make after 追求，追赶

make believe 假装

make certain 确信，把~~弄清楚

make contact with 接通，与~~接触，与~~联系

make for 去向，向~~前进；有利于

make friends with 和~~交友

make into 把~~制成，使~~转变为

make much of 重视；理解；赏识

make one’s mind on sth. 决定某事

make one’s own 当作自己的看待

make oneself at home 随便，别拘束

make out 填写；开支票；理解；辨认

make the best of 尽量利用；极为重视

make up 弥补，修理；赔偿，补偿；起草；编造；化装make up to 接近，巴结；向~~求爱

make way for 为~~让路，让路于

on the make 急求成功；增加

9. 以put为中心的词组

put aside 把~~放在一边；搁置；排除

put away 把~~放好，把~~收拾；储藏；吃喝，吃掉put back 把~~放回原处；驳回

put down 放下；镇压；制止；记下；削减；降落

put forward 提出；拨快；建议，推荐；提倡，倡议

put ~~ into 把~~放入；插入；翻译成

put off 推迟，延期；消除；推脱，推辞

put on 上演；穿上，带上

put one’s heart into 全神贯注，专心致志

put up 举起，挂起；提名，推荐；陈列

put up with 忍受，容忍

10. 以take为中心的词组

be taken aback 吃惊

take a seat 就坐

take a shower 淋浴，洗澡

take aim 瞄准，设立目标

take away 拿走，减去；夺去

take ~~ by surprise 出奇制胜

take care of当心，注意；照顾；提防；谨慎；处理，对付；负责

take ~~ for把~~当作

take off脱去，除去；离开；起飞；模仿；起程；致死；复制，作副本；减弱take office就职，上任

take one’s place就坐，入坐

take one’s temperature量体温

take part in参与，参加

take place = happen发生，举行

take the place of代替

take pride in以~~为荣，对~~骄傲

take sb. by the arm 拉某人的胳膊

take it easy 别着急，慢慢来

11. 以turn为中心的词组

give a new turn to 对~~予以新的看法

in one’s turn 轮到某人做某事

out of turn 不按次序的，不合适宜的

take one’s turn to do 轮到做

turn a blind eye to 对~~视而不见

turn against 背叛，采取敌对态度

turn back 折回，往回走

turn down 折叠，翻下，驳回，拒绝考虑

turn into 走进；变成，变为

turn to ~~for help 求助于

turn off 关上（自来水，电器开关）；解雇，辞退；避开（问题）；制造；生产turn on 打开（自来水，电器开关）；反对；依靠，依赖，取决于

turn one’s attention to 把注意力转向

turn out 培养；证明是；制成；实际情况是

turn out to be 原来是，证明是，结果是

turn over a new leaf 翻开新的一页，重新开始，改过自新

turn (a)round 旋转，转过身来；改变意见；采取新政策

turn to 变成；着手于

turn upside down 颠倒过来，翻过来；使陷入混乱

一．不同的动词，后面加上相同的小品词。

1，动词+away构成的短语有：

throw away 扔掉 carry away 运走

put away 把。。。收好 run away 潜逃，跑开give away 捐赠，分发 go away 走开

2，动词+for构成的短语有：

answer for 负责 provide for 供养

call for 要求 plan for 打算，为。。计划hope for 希望，期待 ask for 索取，寻找

send for 派人去请 go for 努力获取

pay for 偿还，赔偿 wait for 等待

look for 寻找

3，动词+on构成的短语有：

try on 试穿，试验 put on 穿上，上演

have on 穿着，戴着 pull on 穿，戴

hold on 不挂断，坚持，继续 carry on 继续开展，坚持keep on 继续 go on 继续

get on 上车 come on 赶快

4，动词+over构成的短语有：

come over 过来 hand over 移交

go over 仔细检查，复习 get over 克服，恢复

look over 检查 think over 仔细考虑

take over 接受，接管 hand over 移交

turn over 翻转

5，动词+up构成的短语有;

bring up 抚养，培养 call up 召唤，打电话给come up 走进，上来 cut up 切碎

fix up 修理 give up 放弃

go up 上升，增长 grow up 长大

look up 尊敬，向上看，查寻 make up 虚构，弥补，组成put up 举起，搭建 pick up 捡起，搭载，得到set up 建立，创纪录 send up 发射

show up 揭露，露面 turn up 出现，把。调高一点take up 占据，开始从事

6，动词+out 构成的短语有：

come out 出来 go out 出去，熄灭

look out 留神，当心 walk out 走出

set out 出发，开始 put out 扑灭。生产

give out 发出，发表 hand out 分发

pick out 挑选 find out 找出，发现

speak out 大声地说 turn out 生产，打扫

get out 出去，离开 work out 计算出，解决，实行

行得通 bring out 出版

carry out 实现，执行 Start out 出发，动身

二．同一个动词后面加上不同的小品词（介词或副词）

1，break+介词或副词的短语有：

break down 击败，摧毁，发生故障，身体垮掉 break out 爆发

break through 突破，突围 break off 中断，突然停止

break up 打碎，分解，驱散 break in 闯入

break into 破门而入 break away 突然离开，逃脱，脱离

2，bring+介词的短语有：

bring about 使发生 bring back 拿回来，使恢复

bring down 打到，降低 bring in 引进

bring out 出版，生产 bring up 培养，养育

bring over 把。。带来

3，come+介词或副词的短语有：

come in 进来 come from 来自于。。

come about 产生 come over 过来

come out 出现，出来 come by 从旁边经过

come up 上来，走进 come across 偶遇

come along 发生，进步 come after 跟着。。来

come back 回来 come around 绕道而来

come down 下来 come on 快点，赶快

4，cut+介词的短语有：

cut in 插嘴，插入 cut into 切入

cut across 抄近路 cut back 减少

cut off 切断 cut up 切碎

cut away 砍掉 cut down 砍到，削减

cut out 剪取，剪掉 cut through 通过，穿过

5，call+介词或副词的短语有：

call after 以。。的名字来命名 call for 要求

call back 教会，召回，回忆 call up 使人想起，打电话

call on 号召，拜访某人 call in(at)在某地稍作逗留，邀请

call off 取消

6，get+介词或副词的短语有：

get about 传播 get through 到达，做完，通过，度过，打电话get in 进入，陷入

get on 上车，进展，相处融洽 get off 下车，下来

get out 出去，离开 get over 克服

get across 通过，被理解 get along 与。。相处融洽

get away 离开，脱身

7，give+介词或副词的短语有：

give up 放弃 give in 屈服，投降

give away 赠送，捐赠，泄露，错过 give over 移交，交出

give off 放出，发出，排出 give out 分发，散发，放出

give back 归还

8，go+介词或副词的短语有：

go ahead 着手，开始做 go along 进展，前进

go around 流传，传播 go away 离去，走开

go beyond 超过 go by 过去，流逝

go down 下降 go up 上升

go for 喜欢 go off 离开，停止

go on 继续，发生 go over 复习

go through 经历，穿过

9，look+介词或副词的短语有:

look after 照顾，照料 look away 把。。收拾好，积蓄

look around 环顾 look at 看

look down 朝下看 look for 寻找

look into 调查 look out 当心

look over 检查 look through 浏览，检查

look up 向上看，查阅

10，turn+介词的短语有：

turn about/round 向后转，回头，转身 turn against 反对某人

turn away 转过脸去，拒绝 turn back 往回走

turn back 往回走 turn down 调低，关小，拒绝turn in 上交，上缴 turn into 变成

turn off 关掉 turn on 打开

turn out 熄灭，生产 turn over 翻过来

turn to 求助于，转向 turn up 调高，到达，出现

11，put+介词的短语有：

put aside 把。。放在一起，积蓄 put away 把。。收好，积蓄put back 把。。放回原处 put down 放下，镇压

put forward 提出，建议 put in 放进

put off 推迟，拖延 put on 穿上，戴上，增加，上演put out 生产出，出版 put up 举起

12，be/get/become+过去分词、形容词、介词短语有：

be dressed in 穿着 be fond of 爱好，喜爱

be lost in 沉溺于 be located in 位于

be addicted in 沉溺于 be used to 习惯于

be curious about 对。。好奇 be engaged in 忙于。。

be glad to 乐意。。。 be convinced of 确信，认识到be aware of 知道 be worried about 担心

13，动词+副词+介词的短语有：

add up to 合计得 break away from 从。。脱离开come up with 找到，提出 catch up with 赶上

get down to 开始认真地做某事 go in for 参加，追求

keep away from 远离 keep up with 跟上

date back to 追溯到 put up with 忍受，容忍

run out of 用完 watch out for 当心

look down upon 瞧不起 go ahead with 开始，着手

go along with 一起去，同意 hole on to 坚持

三，有关take的短语：

take after 长相或举止像 take apart 撤开，撤散，把。。彻底打败，对。。苛刻 take as 看做，认为 take away 拿走，使停学，使离开使消失，减去 take back 收回，回忆，送回 take down 拿下，取下，记下，推到，撤毁

take in 接待，欺骗，理解，包含 take off 脱下，起飞，成就，成名

take on 开始雇佣，呈现，露出，承担 take out 带某人去，取得，褪色

take over 接受，接任，接管 take to 喜欢，染上，休息

take up 从事，产生兴趣，选修，占用 take for/to be 当做，以为是

take a chance 碰运气，冒风险 take a deep 深吸一口气

take a hand in 干预 take a risk 冒风险

take a seat 坐下 take an interest in 对。。感兴趣

take steps/measures to do sth 采取措施做某事 take aim at 瞄准

take action on 采取行动 take by surprise 使。。惊奇

take care 当心 take care of 照顾，处理，对付，当心 take charge of 负责，接管 take cold 感冒，伤风

take control of 控制住，管住 take delight 以。。为乐

ake effect 开始作用，生效 take for granted 认为是。。理所当然 take for example 以。。为例 take hold of 抓住，吸引住

take it easy 慢慢来 take it or leave it 要不要都行

take note of 把。。记下来 take notice of 注意，理会

take notes 记笔记 take into office 就职，上任

ake one,s breath away 令人惊异 take one`s chance 碰运气

take one`s time 慢慢来 take pains 费尽力气

take trouble 下功夫 take part in 参加

take pity on/upon 可怜 take place 发生，举行

ake pride in 感到骄傲，自豪 take one`s place 代替某人

take the opportunity 利用机会 take turns 轮流做某事

take sides 支持，偏袒 I take it(that) 我想，我认为