解放军医学院(301医院)实用骨科学2017年考博真题试卷
301医院
医学考博真题试卷攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
解放军医学院（301医院）
2017年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：实用骨科学
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、问答题
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2017年自考英语二真题
2017年自考英语二真题 第一部分：阅读判断（第1?10题,每题1分，共10分） The Thinking Habit That Changed My Life I remember one evening three years ago, when my life was very different. 1 was overweight. I was deeply in debt. I was a smoker. I felt hopeless and helpless.I couldn’t change anything. Then I looked up at the sky and thought what a miracle life is. And I resolved to list the good things in my life. I had a wonderful wife. 1 had five amazing children. I could sec and appreciate the beauty of the world around me. The list went on, but you get the idea. Even when things seemed terrible for me, actually I was OK. That night I resolved to be grateful for what I had, and for the people in my life. I started the habit of gratitude. Now many people consider it unimportant. I'm here to tell you that it's very important. It changes lives. Now I appreciate my wife Eva more. I feel good about having her in my life. And we have deepened our relationship. I also appreciate my kids more. Instead of criticizing them, I tend to notice their loveliness, curiosity and humor.
解放军总医院 全国政协委员、我国著名心血管病专家、解放军总医院教授李天德：将军为医改把脉
解放军总医院全国政协委员、我国著名心血管病专家、解放军总医院教授李天德：将军为医改把脉 如何能够从根本上解决看病难、看病贵的问题，全国政协委员、我国著名心血管病专家、解放军总医院的李天德教授说出了自己的看法和观点。医疗资源分配不公， 医院之间的无序大 比拼必然衍生悲剧 李天德认为，当前城市医院之间的无序大比拼，是有关政府部门对医卫工作管理和操作上的严重失控。医疗设备的配置严重不合理，拼规模拼设备有愈演愈烈之势，其高精尖医疗设备的配置密度甚至比美国还高，这种无序的竞争势必为引发各种危机和矛盾埋下祸根和隐患。因为这些大量投入的资金，如果政府不埋单就要患者埋单，据了解绝大多数情况下，政府并不出资或投入不足，为收回成本进而赢利岂有不从患者身上取之之理?因此，以药养医，过度医疗、大处方、大检查等就不足为怪了。如果大家都把主要精力放在挣钱上面，又怎谈得上优质服务?目前，许多医院的奋斗目标都在“做大做强”，以尽可能大地分吃那块医疗蛋糕，大医院每天的门诊量可达到七八千人，跟火车站一样，哪个院长心里都高兴，可怜患者看病难就不难想象了。 产生这种现象的根本原因似乎还不能全怪在医院头上，正是由于深层次的医疗体制的原因方使医疗大比拼有恃无恐。在盈利与非盈利医院的界定和执行上存在着诸多模糊和松懈之
处。似乎全部医院都在为盈利而奋斗，却忽略了一般医院的公益性质，作为政府对医院的投入补偿机制不足，这一绝对不能含糊的事情，我们一些相关部门偏偏在这个问题上含糊了。 医疗的定义是行医而非做生意过度医疗现象导致公众信任危机 “我的一个朋友告诉我，他前几天患了感冒，在一家医院住了一星期，花了1.6万元。”有的医院为心脏病人做手术放支架，一个病人身上就放十几根。一个支架就是3万多，先不说需要花多少钱，从病理学和生理学的角度上说也是大可争论一番的。这和做买卖促销有何区别?医疗是涉及到人命关天的事情，对技术和服务的要求很高，怎么可以掉以轻心和不负责任呢?现在我们的医疗技术提高了，医疗设备也先进了，但医德医风却在整体水平上下滑了，好在已经得到到党和国家的高度重视，否则由此而引发公众信任不一致，对国家长治久安，持久发展不利。 政府干预是医改成败的关键 医疗体制改革的关键，取决于政府干预的决心和力度。要过河必须解决“船”与“桥”的问题。首先政府需明确在医疗卫生事业上的地位，责任和肩负的任务。医疗行业是一个特殊的、高技术的、高服务的、公益性的行业，要加大对卫生医疗事业的投入。 城市的医疗服务体系应把重点放在完善和强化社区医疗网点上，对于这一点毫无疑问已形成共识。但社区医疗要想做好也非易事，必须具备四个条件：1．必要的医疗设备；2．有经验的医生；3．要和医保挂钩。4．需和中心医院挂钩，让每个中心医院辐射若干个社区。这个问题解决了，社区医疗应该说就能够做好。社区和医院就能形成良性互动，患者少了去