国际关系学院翻译硕士英语笔译考研真题及答案
育明教育孙老师整理，来育明教育赠送资料，更多真题可咨询孙老师。
国际关系学院2011年翻译硕士MTI真题及答案
一、词语翻译:英译汉（每题1分，总共15分)
1.European monetary integration
2.fuel economic growth
3.junk bond
4.caller ID telephone
5.parkinsonism
6.solar cell plate
7.open-ended fund
8.Gallup Poll
9.conditions-based withdrawal
10.ATM
11.HDTV
12.IDD
13.CPI
14.ASAP
15.APEC
二、词语翻译：汉译英（每题1分，总共15分)
1、谈判筹码
2、黑金
3、超国民待遇
4、离岛免税政策
5、弱势群体6>积分制‘自主招生
8、国家出入境检验检疫局
9、霸王条款
10、暗箱操作
11、爱心工程
12、国家科技进步奖
13、在职博士生
14、大病统筹
15、论资排辈
三、英汉互译：英译汉（每篇60分，总共60分）
I established a new High Level Panel on Global Sustainability,cochaired by the Presidents of Finland and South Africa.I am sure you will be pleased to know that Administrator of the China Meteorological Administration,and a distinguished alumnus of this university,is a member of the Panel I have asked this Panel to offer a vision for sustainable development and prosperity for a planet under increasing pressure.I have asked them to find integrated solutions to the global challenges of poverty,climate change,water,food,and energy security’These problems are interconnected.The Panel will report back by the end of2011.Its work will venture into many issues，many sectors，many cross-cutting areas.I have asked the Panel members to think big，to be bold and ambitious not to shy away from controversy.And I have asked them to be strategic and practical.Their recommendations must be politically viable and lead to tangible progress.Their findings will feed into intergovernmental processes,such as the climate change negotiations;They will play a key part in the Rio2012Earth Summit, twenty years after world leaders agreed on Agenda21，our blueprint for sustainable development.
We are seeing some progress on important issues,such as adaptation, technology cooperation and steps to reduce deforestation.I also believe there has been some progress on financing,both on mobilizing30billion dollars of fast-start fiinding over the next three years and also on the100billion dollars a year envisioned by2020.Iam，however,
concerned about slow progress in other areas.Among them:setting
mitigation targets，monitoring and verification，and the future of the
Kyoto Protocol.We must not allow momentum to stall We must not
jeopardize the gains we have made.
The UNFCCC process must go forward in Cancun in December I am therefore
calling on all member states,all governments of the world to work
together in a spirit of compromise and common sense.Progress on
adaptation,technology cooperation,deforestation and finance can
achieve powerful results，results that can offer hope and change the
lives of hundreds of millions of people,particularly the world.s
poorest and most vulnerable.
四、英汉互译：汉译英(每篇60分，总共,60分）
亚太新兴市场国家快速发展，直接改变了许多国家和地区的落后面貌，改善
了亿万人民生活，为缩小发展差距、减少贫困人口、实现联合国千年发展罔标
做出重要贡献。亚太新兴市场国家积极参与国际经贸合供应大量能源和原材
料，为其他国家发展提供了充足资源；出口物美价廉的工业制成品，为各国
提供了丰富多样的商品;进口大量商品和服务,为世界经济增长提供了市场
和动力；吸纳巨额外资，为国际资本流动提供了重要目的地。国际社会应该同
亚太新兴市场国家一道努力，通过广泛的沟通与合作来抓住机遇,挖掘潜力，
促进各国共同发展繁荣。
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育明教育孙老师解读：翻译硕士报考院校选择遵循原则
随着现阶段的专业硕士越来越受欢迎，以及就业趋势的引导，翻译专业硕士愈加受欢迎。今天，就为想要报考翻译硕士的同学解析一下翻译硕士的择校问题。
翻译专业硕士专业招生院校截止今年一共有158所学校，这么多的学校我们应该如何选择那?我们认为有以下三个原则，内心召唤;客观衡量自己的实力;综合考察学校的实力。
第一个原则是听从自己内心的召唤：就是在报考前问清楚自己喜欢哪个学校?以后想去哪里就业?哪个学校是我最向往的?因为只有自己喜欢的才会付出全部的心血，去努力得到。比如你喜欢北京大
学，喜欢以后留在北京发展，那你可能就要付出比考其他学校的考生更多的努力才可以达到自己的目标。
第二个原则是客观衡量自身的实力，人都有梦想，但是如果不顾自身能力的梦想那是妄想。同时也不能一味的求稳妥的妄自菲薄。所以我们建议考生选择的学校要“蹦一下可以摸得着”而不是“累死都够不到”或者“伸手可得”学校。
第三个原则是考察学校的综合实力，包括它在翻译界的科研实力、学术资源、人脉资源、区位优势等。这也是很重要的。比如上海外国语大学在上海地区是绝对的老大，学生有很高的社会美誉度，就业比较容易，但是到了北京，则北京外国语大学的学生才更受欢迎。
在对学校的认识上，需要注意如下几点：
(一)批次划分仅与招考院校申报翻译硕士专业项目、教育部高等教育司翻译硕士专业学位(MTI)教育指导委员会审批先后顺序有关，与院校翻译硕士师资实力无直接关系。第二、三批院校在第一批试点院校积累的丰富经验上开设翻译硕士专业，往往具有更大的优势，因此同学们在选择招考院校时，不要将批次作为唯一的参考项。
(二)根据我国高等国民教育序列划分和158所翻译硕士招考院校实际，可将翻译硕士招考院校分为综合类、专门类两大类，综合类下设大综合(国家级院校、省(自治区、直辖市)院校、市级院校)，小综合(师范类院校、民族类院校);专门类下设文史大类(语言类、外交类、政法类院校)，理工大类(理工类、科技类、财经类、交通类、工业类、石油地质类、海事类、航空航天类、农林类、电力类、科研院所类)。
同学们在选择招考院校时要注意区分不同类别的院校在翻译硕士招考模式、考试题型及内容等的区别，并结合自身兴趣、特长与应试能力实际，综合选取合适的招考院校。
(三)从2007年9月翻译硕士专业学位设立至今的招考情况看，不同类别的招考院校在招考模式、考试题型及内容上有一定区别。根据对2011年37所翻译硕士招考院校考试类型的统计发现，理工大类院校考试内容涉及理工内容，文史大类院校则偏重文史内容，各专门院校考试内容更有专业性趋向。总体上看，专业特色还是十分明显的。
二、158所招考院校中含34所自主划线学校，同学们在考虑硕士研究生全国统一考试初试国家分数线(以下简称“国家线”)院校和自主划线院校时，要把握如下几点：
(一)自主划线院校在复试分数线制定方面拥有自主权，从2010、2011年全国58所翻译硕士招考院校复试分数线统计情况来看，除极个别自主划线院校高出国家线较多外，其余自主划线院校分数线普遍低于所在区国家线。在国家线“强势走高”的情况下，自主划线院校就成为了同学们获取复试资格的一道“生命保障线”。
(二)自出划线院校翻译硕士命题与国家线院校略有不同，更突出院校特色和专业特色。由于分数线划定权已批准下放至该高校，因此该高校命题与自主划线一致，具有更加鲜明的“自主特色”，同学们在报考这类院校时，不要盲目追求“分数差”，而应该从自身实际出发，选择合适的招考院校。
三、158所翻译硕士招考院校中，有130多所指定或部分指定了参考数目。参考书目的选择也成为同学们选择招考院校的又一重要指标
(一)参考书目反映了一个院校的学术研究水平、研究方向、学术合作领域、合作方向，也反映了招考院校的命题方向，因此同学们要在充分了解参考书目的基础上，做出合理的、有利于报考的选择
(二)对于没有指定参考书目的院校，可以采取“参考书目高频法”，即根据目前招考院校大量或普遍采用的参考用书，适当选择作为备考教材
四、翻译硕士招考院校的招生人数、招收翻译语种(英、法、德、西、日、葡、朝等)、口笔译方向也是一项重要指标，同学们可认真阅读各参考院校的招生简章。
五，最后一点，部分招考院校在复试阶段加试第二外语听力或口笔译，在初始阶段会有第二外语的部分试题或内容，以小语种为特色的招考院校可能会在一定情况下压缩英语翻译硕士比例。请同学们特别是第二外语基础较为薄弱的同学注意，在选择招考院校时不要轻易“触碰雷区”。
育明教育规划复习全程
第一轮：零基础复习阶段(-2015年6月)
本阶段主要是对翻译理论的流派有一个大体上的了解，形成一
个总体的印象。对各本参考书有个系统性的了解，弄清每本书的章
节分布情况，内在逻辑结构，重点章节所在等，但不要求记住。
1)学习目标
目标1：了解参考书目中基本的翻译流派和翻译理论
目标2：掌握专业技能、培养兴趣爱好，基本了解改专业的知识框架和理念，为下一阶段的复习夯实基础;平时多关注北京周报、China Daily等了解社会热点和动向，学会运用所学知识分析社会问题。
2)学习任务
①泛读书目，建构翻译的理论框架。
②学习每本教材，需在结合自己的理解绘制知识理论框架图构，建知识体系。
③学生遇到不理解的问题及时记录，上报教务老师，并与教务教师沟通请教。
④扩展知识面所需时政新闻。
⑤综合练习：检测前一阶段学习效果配有参考答案自测。
⑥不要求记忆只要求理解。
3)注意事项
①学习任务中所说的“一遍”不一定是指仅看一次书，某些难点多的章节可能要反复看几遍才能彻底理解通过。
②本阶段学习重在理解，不需强制记忆，但一定要全面。
③每本书每章节看完后最好自己能闭上书后列一个提纲，以此回忆内容梗概，也方便以后看着提纲进行提醒式记忆。
④看进度，卡时间。防止看书太慢，遇到弄不懂的问题，要及时请教专业咨询师。
第二轮：一阶-基础阶段(2015年7月-2015年9月)
本阶段主要用进一步深入了解翻译理论，对参考书完成第一次的阅读，并开始找出重点和考点，形成知识系统。同时每周练习一篇老师提供的翻译材料，了解翻译评分的要求。加强对时政的关注和了解。
1)学习目标
具体指定或非指定相关参考书目(据所报考院校为准)
2)学习任务
对参考书进行深入和全面的总结，列出考点和重点，同时多练习相关翻译材料，了解翻译评分的要求，提高翻译技能。加强对时政的关注和了解。同时阅读有关英汉对照。
3)注意事项
①注意理解记忆参考书中的概念、原理。
②将书中可能考到的问答、论述等内容做笔头整理。
③将全书的重点归纳成系统性的知识点，加深印象，及对知识更加系统的理解。
第三轮：二阶-强化提高阶段(2015年9月-2015年10月)
本阶段，完成最后一本指定书目的阅读，并对重点进行总结和归纳。一定要多做翻译，多看翻译文章，制定周和日的阅读和翻译计划。
1)新大纲复习计划
新大纲一般在9月中旬出台，具体复习会根据今年新大纲，编写重难点知识讲义。要根据基础阶段的复习安排把参考书的知识点进行逐一突破。这时，完成最后一本指定书目的阅读，并对重点进行总结和归纳。专攻文言文翻译，每周进行一次文言文翻译，并且每天读一篇文言文翻译。
2)巩固计划
强化阶段要多做翻译，多看翻译文章，加强翻译技能始终非常重要。
第四轮：三阶-冲刺阶段(2015年11月-2015年12月中旬)
总结所有重点知识点，包括重点概念、理论等，查漏补缺。温习专业课和历年真题，做专业课模拟试题。
1)学习目标
进一步完善翻译理论的框架，提高翻译技能。
2)学习任务
总结三本参考书，将其中的重点反复记忆和背诵，做到熟记于心，总结平常翻译中常遇到的问题，尽量在翻译中避免，最后再进行两次的翻译训练。
3)注意事项
参考书回归;历年真题回归;专业课比较回归;模拟考场测试。四管齐下，把前面复习的知识点逐一消化和提升。
第五轮：四阶-点睛阶段(2015年12月中旬-考前)
调整心态，保持状态，积极应考。
学习目标
将重点理论进行最后一次的复习，注意强记背诵。看一些翻译中常用的文言文和散文词汇，熟悉一些较难翻译的单词。
资料来源：育明考研考博官网https://www.360docs.net/doc/469407027.html,
94年-14年历年考研英语翻译必背词汇英汉对照
94年-14年历年考研英语翻译必背词汇（英汉对照） 46) articulate 清晰的表达， 47) by all accounts根据、根据报道；by one’s own account根据某人自己所说，let alone更别提， 48) intensity紧张，abruptly突然地，sudden突然，soft柔和的，passage段落，rarely很少、几乎不，composer作曲家，compose作曲、编写, 49) associate联系， 50) suffer遭受, inevitable不可避免, render转换、使变成； 13年 46) strike打、震撼，for all尽管，style风格，urge需求、督促、鼓励，decoration装饰， 47)sacred神圣的，crude原始、粗糙，as opposed to与相反，shelter避难所， 48) in effect实际上，urban城市，discernible容易看出的，discern看出、识别， 49)blame批评， 50)implicit隐含的，explicit明确的，reference谈到、提及、参考，synthetic人造的； 12年 46) impulse冲动，unification统一、一致， generative生产的、生成的，generate产生， 47) constrain力劝、强迫、限制，constraint限制， 48) filter过滤, cognitive认知的， 49) empirical实证的、根据经验得到的, bias偏见， 50) track跟踪； 11年 46) erroneous错误的，error错误， 47) sustain支持、维持，illusion幻觉，conscious有意识的， 48) justification合理，借口，justify证明是公正的，rationalization合理，exploitation剥削、开发, bottom底， 49) circumstance环境， 50) upside积极的、正面的，contain包含，be up to取决于，array展示、陈列、一系列； 10年 46) rescue拯救，to the effect that大意是说，failed to不能，
考研英语一翻译真题汇总
1990 年英译汉试题 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities，and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not，or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are，of course，extremely interested in these types of questions. (61)They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet，but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect，the two approaches are very different from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as‖nature vs. nurture‖. (62)Those who support the ―nature‖side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. (63)That our environment has little， if anything，to do with our abilities，characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme，this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. Those who support the ―nurture‖ theory，that is，they advocate education，are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist，B.F. Skinner，sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists maintain that，like machines，humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior. Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic，intelligence， offered by the two theories. Supporters of the ―nature‖theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined. Needless to say，they don‘t believe that factors in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic. On the other hand，behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences. (64)Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States， blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some ―nature‖ proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. (65)Behaviorists，in contrast， say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. 1991 年英译汉试题 The fact is that the energy crisis，which has suddenly been officially announced，has been with us for a long time now，and will be with us for an even longer time. Whether Arab oil flows freely or not，it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile a base. (71)The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time，and in any case，the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use. (72)New sources of energy must be found，and this will take time，but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past. For an indefinite period from here on，mankind is going to advance cautiously，and consider itself lucky that it can advance at all. To make the situation worse，there is as yet no sign that any slowing of the world‘s population is in sight. Although the birthrate has dropped in some nations，including the United States，the population of the world seems sure to pass six billion and perhaps even seven billion as the twenty-first century opens. (73)The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this，which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. Taking all this into account，what might we reasonably estimate supermarkets to be like in the year2001? To begin with，the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next thirty years—even here in the United States.By2001，the population of the United States will be at least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million，and the nation will find it difficult to expand food production to fill the additional mouths. (74)This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. It seems almost certain that by2001the United States will no longer be a great food exporting nation and that，if necessity forces exports，it will be at the price of belt tightening at home. In fact，as food items will end to decline in quality and decrease in variety，there is very likely to be increasing use of flavouring additives. (75)Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population
历年考研英语翻译常考词汇汇总
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