大学电大专科《病理学与病理生理学》2021期末试题及答案(试卷号：2111)
国家开放大学电大专科《病理学与病理生理学》2021期末试
题及答案（试卷号：2111）
国家开放大学电大专科《病理学与病理生理学》2021期末试题及答案一、单项选择题1．能够促进疾病发生发展的因素称为( )。
A. 疾病的条件B．疾病的原因C．疾病的危险因素D．疾病的诱因E．疾病的外因2．疾病的发展方向取决于()。
A．病因的数量与强度B．存在的诱因C．机体的抵抗力D．损伤与抗损伤力量的对比E．机体自稳调节的能力3．休克最主要的特征是()。
A．心输出量降低B．动脉血压降低C．组织微循环灌流量锐减D．外周阻力升高E．外周阻力降低4．造成血浆胶体渗透压降低的主要原因是()。
A．血浆白蛋白减少B．血浆球蛋白减少C．血液浓缩D．血红蛋白减少E．血Na+含量降低5．正常血清钾的浓度范围是()。
A. 3—5mmol/L
B. 3.5—5. 5mmol/L
C. 5～7mmol/L
D. 7～9mmol/L E．2. 5—3. 5mmol/L 6．机体每天产生最多的酸性物质是()。
A. 碳酸B．乳酸C．丙酮酸D．磷酸E．硫酸7．对挥发酸进行缓冲的最主要系统是()。
A. 碳酸氢盐缓冲系统B．无机磷酸盐缓冲系统C．有机磷酸盐缓冲系统D．血红蛋白缓冲系统E．蛋白质缓冲系统8．最常见的致炎因子是()。
A．物理性因子B．化学性因子C．机械性因子D．生物性因子E．免疫性因子9．发热是体温调定点( )。
A．上移，引起的主动性体温升高B．下移，引起的主动性体温升高C．上移，引起的被动性体温升高D．下移，引起的被动性体温升高E．不变，引起的主动性体温升高10．下列属于恶性肿瘤的是()。
A. 神经纤维瘤B．软骨肉瘤C．骨瘤D．尖锐湿疣E．肺炎性假瘤11.诊断恶性肿瘤的组织学依据是()。
A. 细胞浆宽广B．细胞核增多C．细胞异型性显著D．核仁明显E．黏液分泌增多12．冠状动脉粥样硬化，最常受累的动脉分支是( )。
A．左主干B．左回旋支C．左前降支D．右主干E．右回旋支13．缺氧是由于()。
A．向组织供氧不足或组织利用氧障碍B．吸入气中氧含量减少C．血液中氧分压降低D．血液中氧含量降低E．血液中氧容量降低14．静脉血分流入动脉可造成()。
A．血液性缺氧B．乏氧性缺氧C．循环性缺氧D．组
织中毒性缺氧E．低动力性缺氧15．胃溃疡最常见的合并症是()。
A．梗阻B．穿孔C．出血D．癌变E．黏连16．我国门脉性肝硬化的常见原因是()。
A．慢性酒精中毒B．营养缺乏C．毒物中毒D．病毒性肝炎E．药物中毒17．急性肾功能衰竭少尿期，病人常见的电解质紊乱是()。
A．高钠血症B．高钾血症C．低钾血症D．高钙血症E．低镁血症18．乳腺癌最好发于乳腺的()。
A．外上象限B．外下象限C．内上象限D．内下象限E．乳晕部19．细菌性痢疾的肠道病变特点为()。 A．浆液性炎B．纤维素性炎C．肉芽肿性炎D．出血性坏死性炎E．蜂窝织炎20．下列有关急性暴发性流行性脑脊髓膜炎的描述不正确的是( A．起病急，进展快，死亡率高B．脑膜病变重C．常伴中毒性休克和DIC D．由脑膜炎双球菌释放的内毒素所致E．常伴肾上腺皮质出血和功能衰竭二、名词解释21．坏死是指在损伤因子的作用下，活体局部组织、细胞死亡所发生的一系列形态学改变。
22．水肿是指过多的液体在组织间隙或体腔内积聚。
23．高渗性脱水24．呼吸衰竭是指由于外呼吸功能的严重障碍，以致动脉血氧分压低于8kPa(60mmHg)，伴有或不伴有二氧化碳分压高于6. 67kPa(50mmHg)的病理过
程。
25．尿毒症急性和慢性肾功能衰竭发展到最严重的阶段，代谢终产物和内源性毒性物质在体内潴留，水、电解质和酸碱平衡发生紊乱以及某些内分泌功能失调，从而引起一系列自体中毒症状。
三、填空题26．机体作为一个整体的功能永久性停止的标志是脑死亡，它是指全脑功能的永久性丧失。
27．霍奇金淋巴瘤是一种特殊类型的恶性淋巴瘤，以肿瘤组织中出现镜影(R-S)细胞为特征，并伴有多种细胞成分增生。
28.根据是否伴有甲状腺功能亢进，将甲状腺肿分为毒性和非毒性甲状腺肿两类。
29.蜂窝织炎是指疏松组织内的弥漫性化脓性炎，主要由溶血性链球菌引起。
30.体内钾主要存在于细胞内，机体排钾的主要途径是肾。
四、问答题31．简述血栓形成必须具备的条件和血栓对机体的影响。
答：血栓形成必备的条件：心血管内膜的损伤、血流状态的改变、血液凝固性增加。
血栓对机体的影响：①阻塞血管：血栓阻塞动脉，又缺乏有效的侧支循环代偿时，引起局部组织或器官的缺血坏死。血栓阻塞静脉，引起局部组织的淤血、水肿、出血；
②栓塞：血栓脱落后随血流运行，栓塞于相应大小的血管；
③形成心瓣膜病：反复发生在心瓣膜上的血栓，机化后引起瓣膜黏连、增厚、变硬。
32.简述休克早期微循环变化的代偿意义。
答：休克早期的变化主要由交感一肾上腺髓质系统兴奋、儿茶酚胺增加所致，对机体有一定的代偿意义。①有利于维持动脉血压：机体通过自身输血和自身输液作用增加回心血量，缓解血容量的绝对不足；
同时心输出量增加、外周阻力升高。通过上述调节，休克早期血压无明显变化；
②血液重新分布有利于心、脑血液供应：休克早期，腹腔内脏、皮肤、骨骼肌和肾等器官血管收缩，血流量显著减少，而心、脑血管不发生收缩，血流量基本正常，加之此时动脉血压变化不明显，所以在全身循环血量减少的情况下，有利于优先保证重要生命器官如心、脑的血液供应。
33．简述劳力性呼吸困难的概念及其发生机制。
答：轻度心力衰竭患者，仅在体力活动时出现呼吸困难，休息后消失，称为劳力性呼吸困难。为左心衰竭的最早表现。其机制是：①体力活动时四肢血流量增加，回心血量增多，肺淤血加重；
②体力活动时心率加快，舒张期缩短，左室充盈减少，肺循环淤血加重；
③体力活动时机体需氧量增加，但衰竭的左心不能相应提高心输出量，因此机体缺氧进一步加重，刺激呼吸中枢使呼吸加快加深，出现呼吸困难。
电大大学英语B统考题库试卷(全卷)+往题库
一、交际英语 1、May I move your bag a little and take this seat?_______________. A：I don't mind B：It doesn't matter C：You do it please D：Go ahead 答案： D 2、- ________________- You too! A：Merry Christmas! B：What a beautiful day! C：Help yourself! D：It's very kind of you! 答案： A 3、- Who's speaking?- This is Tom . A：speaks B：spoken C：speaking D：saying 答案： C 4、- Excuse me, could you show me the way to the nearest post office?- __________ Oh yes! Two blocks away from here at the Green Avenue. You can't miss it. A：I beg your pardon? B：What do you mean? C：You're welcome. D：Mm, let me think. 答案： D 5、- Could I speak to Don Watkins, please？- _______________ A：Speaking, please. B：Oh, how are you？ C：I'm listening. D：I'm Don. 答案： A 一、交际英语 1、May I move your bag a little and take this seat?_______________. A：I don't mind
2017年电大《大学英语》B电大网考试题及答案(一)
2017年电大《大学英语》B电大网考试题及答案（一） 一、交际英语 1、---I'll fly to Shanghai on business next Friday. ---____________________________ A：That's very nice of you. B：I don't think so. C：Can't you go? D：Have a good trip. 答案：D 2、--I went to the beach and got plenty of rest. --___________. You looked tired last time I saw you. A：I hope so B：Really C：I'm glad you did D：The sound was nice 答案：C 3、---This is John. -- ___________ A：Oh, I have never seen you. B：Yes, I am glad. C：Hello, John. Nice to meet you. D：How are you? 答案：C 4、-- Please help yourself to the seafood. -- ________ A：No, I can't. B：Sorry, I can't help. C：Well, seafood don't suit. D：Thanks, but I don't like seafood. 答案：D 5、- Could I borrow your car for a few days? - ________ A：Yes, you may borrow. B：Yes, go on. C：Sure, here is the key. Enjoy your journey. D：It doesn't matter. 答案：C 二、阅读理解 1、 Snowflakes look like white stars falling from the sky. But there have been times when snow has looked red, green, yellow, or black. There have been snowflakes of almost every color. Think how it would seem to have colored snowflakes coming down all around you.
15年大学英语B统考 电大 网院网考模拟试题
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2016电大_大学英语B统考_大学英语B网考_写作
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2019年电大远程网络教育《大学英语B》统考试题真题附答案两份合集
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4、－Could you help me put up the signs on the wall? －_______. A：No problem B：I hope so C：That's all right D：That's a good idea 答案：A 5、- Mr. Jones, this is Sean, an English teacher from the United States.- ________ A：What can I do for you? B：Nice to meet you. C：Please keep in touch. D：Haven't seen you for ages. 答案：B 二、阅读理解 1、、There are many kinds of ants in the world that always live in companies. 世界上总以群居生活的蚂蚁有很多种。They are the most hard-working creatures and most of them make their nests under ground. The small black ants that we see running back and forth in the grass are the same ants that bother us by coming to our picnics uninvited. They are not trying to be harmful, but are only doing
2018年4月份电大远程网络教育大学英语B统考题库真题7
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答案：C 电大、各类远程网络教育统考大学英语B、计算机应用基础统考辅导全套题库，精心整理并归类完毕，全中文翻译，视频教程讲解，零基础一次性通过，索取请加QQ： 二、阅读理解 HighintheSwissAlpsmanyyearsago,therelivedalonelyshepherd（牧羊人） boywholongedforafriendtosharehisevenings.（很多年以前，在瑞士阿尔卑斯山上住着一个牧羊人，他 期望能找到一个朋友在夜晚与他为伴。）Onenighthesawthreeoldmen,eachholdingaglass. Thefirstoldmansaid：“Drinkthisliquidandyoushallbevictoriousinbattle.” Thesecondoldmansaid：“Drinkthisliquidandyoushallhavecountlessriches.” Thelastoldmansaid：“Iofferyouthehappinessofmusic-----thehorn（号角）.” Theboychosethethirdglass,Thenextday,hecameuponagreathorn,tenfeetinlength,Whenheputhislipstoit,ab eautifulmelody（旋律）floatedacrossthevalley.Hehadfoundafriend. Sogoesthelegend（传说） ofthehorn.acrossthemountainsides.Eventoday,onaquietsummerevening,itsmusiccanbeheardfloatingamongth epeaks. 6.Thepassagetellsushislonelyjobabouttheshepherdboy. A.T B.F 答案：A 7.Theboychoosetodrinktheglassofferedbythelastoldmanbecausetheboywasthirsty. A.T B.F 答案：B 8.Aftertheshepherdboyfoundthehorn,hediscovereditwaslikeanew-foundfriend. A.T B.F 答案：A 9.TodaythehornisheardintheSwissAlpswhenitrains. A.T B.F 答案：B 10.TheLegendoftheHornwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage. A.T B.F 答案：A IntheUnitedStates,itisnotcustomarytotelephonesomeoneveryearlyinthemorning.（在美国通常不会在清
电大远程网络教育大学英语B统考题库试卷2
一、交际英语 1、- I have an appointment with Dr. Edward.- ______________ A：Please wait for a minute. B：Are you sick? C：Tell me about your appointment. D：Dr. Edward didn't tell me. 答案：A 2、May I move your bag a little and take this seat?______ _____________. A：I don't mind B：It doesn't matter C：You do it please D：Go ahead 答案：D 3、- This box is too heavy for me to carry it upstairs.- ______________ A：You may ask for help. B：I'll give you a hand. C：Please do me a favor. D：I'd come to help. 答案：B 4、- _______ - Well, they got there last Wednesday. So about a week. A：When did your parents arrive in Paris? B：How long have your parents been in Paris? C：Did your parents arrive in Paris last Wednesday? D：When will your parents go to Paris？ 答案：B 5、- Thank you for inviting me.- ______________ A：I really had a happy time. B：Oh, it's too late. C：Thank you for coming. D：Oh, so slowly? 答案： C 二、阅读理解 1、Computers can injure you.电脑会伤害到你。Most other injuries happen suddenly. For example，if you fall off a bike and break your arms，it happens very quickly. But computer injuries
2014年电大远程网络教育大学英语B统考题库(--完型填空)
四、完型填空 Everyone has hobbies. A hobby can be almost anything a person likes to do in his spare time. People who take up hobbies are hobbyists. They paint pictures, sing pop songs, ___1___ music instruments and collect stamps or other things. They grow flowers, ___2___ fishing and hunting. They climb mountains, swim, skate and play games. People today have ___3___ time than ever for hobbies. In early times, people were ___4___ busy making a living to have hobbies. Nowadays machines have taken the place of many workers. More people retire at an earlier age. They have hobbies ___5___ these activities offer them enjoyment, friendship, knowledge, and relaxation. (1)、 A：because B：more C：play D：go E：too 答案：C (2)、 A：because B：more C：play D：go E：too 答案：D (3)、 A：because B：more C：play D：go E：too 答案：B (4)、 A：because B：more C：play D：go E：too 答案：E (5)、
电大网考大学英语B统考模拟试卷及参考答案1
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12月电大网考大学英语b统考大全
What's this passage about? CBDDD Which of the following statements is wrong? DBDAC There were once three sons of a wealthy businessman. BBCCD BABDA 31. Tom's father has taught English here since he graduated from Peking University. 32. Please give this book to whoever comes first. 33. Though it was late, they kept on working. 31. 汤姆的父亲从北京大学毕业后就一直在这里教英语。 32. 请把这本书给最先来的人。 33. 尽管已经很晚了，他们还在继续工作。 Sports Just as lots of teenagers take to pop music, I love basketball. It's part of my life. I began to play basketball in my childhood. I still remember the good old days when I played with my classmates after school. Later on, as I grew up, almost everything changed, but this sport-playing basketball remained and my love of it grew even stronger. I love this sport because it brings joys and health to my life. When I got tired from office work, I went to the sports ground and felt refreshed. If there were worries and cares from daily life. I went to the sports ground. There everything went away except basketball. It is basketball that keeps me in good shape and mood. Maria's story happened DCCDA For centuries, the relationship between Britain and France is DDADC Many students find the experience of attending university BCCDA ACADC 31. Apples here like water and sunshine. 32. Fred was such a hardworking student that he soon came our first in the class. 33. Ted and William have lived under the same roof for five years. 31. 这里的苹果喜欢水和阳光。 32. 弗莱德是一个学习十分用功的学生，以至于不久他就成了班里学习最好的学生。 33. 泰德和威廉已经在同一个屋檐下生活了五年了。 Water and Life While we are enjoying the rich fruits of modern industrialization, we are losing something precious on this planet. Fresh water, among others, is dwindling down day by day, owing to the large-scale industrialization everywhere in the world. Just as sunshine is a necessity to life, so is fresh water. Without fresh water, our human society would come to a stop. As fresh water is such an important resource to the human society, we need to treasure it as we treasure our life, but how? First, our government should have a good plan for the use of fresh water and develop industries that consume less water. Second, waste water must be recycled. Finally，everyone of us should do his bit to save water.
2020年电大考试《大学英语B》精选试题
一、交际英语 1、--Do you dance?--Yes,I do.--_________?--Every weekend. C：How often do you go dancing 2、--I went to the beach and got plenty of rest.--_________.You looked tired last time I saw you.C：I'm glad you did 3、--Wow!This is a marvelous room!I've never known you're so artistic.--_____________ C：Thanks for your compliments. 4、--Madam,do all the buses go downtown?--_______D：Sorry,I'm new here. 5、--Who's speaking?--This is Tom_______.C：speaking 1.- I'm looking for a shirt for my father. - __ D.What size does your father wear? 2.- Please help yourself to the seafood. - ___ D.Well, I'm afraid I don't like seafood. 3.- ___ - He teaches physics in a school. A.What does your father do? 4.- Hey, Tom, what's up? - __________ B.Oh, not much. 5.- Who's speaking? - This is Tom ________. C.speaking 1.—How was your trip to London,Jane?简，你在伦敦的旅行如何啊？— A.Oh,wonderful indeed.哦，真的好极了 2.—Hey,Tom,what’s up?嗨，汤姆，你在忙什么？— B.Oh,not much. 3.—Do you mind my smoking here?你介意我在这吸烟吗？ B.Yes,I do.是的，我介意 4.—David injured his leg playing football yesterday.大卫昨天踢球时腿受伤了。 Really?______真的吗？那怎么发生的啊？ C.How did that happen? 5.—This box is too heavy for me to carry upstairs.这个盒子对我来说太重了，搬不到楼上去。—_______ B.Let me give you a hand.让我帮你吧 1. — How was your trip to London, Jane? 简，你在伦敦的旅行如何啊？— _______ A. Oh, wonderful indeed. 哦，真的好极了 2. — Hey, Tom, what’s up? 嗨，汤姆，你在忙什么？— ___B. Oh, not much. 3. — Do you mind my smoking here? 你介意我在这吸烟吗？— _____B. Yes, I do. 是的，我介意 4. — David injured his leg playing football yesterday. 大卫昨天踢球时腿受伤了。 — Really? ______ 真的吗？那怎么发生的啊？ C. How did that happen? 5. — This box is too heavy for me to carry upstairs. 这个盒子对我来说太重了，搬不到楼上去。— _____B. Let me give you a hand. 让我帮你吧
电大统考英语B测验卷,2018年09大学英语B统考
大学英语B3试卷 一、交际英语 1、Has Alice had an accident?____________. A：I don't hope so B：I hope no C：I hope not D：She didn't say to 答案：C 2、-- _________ -- Fine, thanks. A：How do you do? B：Hello! C：Nice to meet you。 D：How are you? 答案：D 3、How much is that meat, please? - _____________________ A：Ten o'clock. B：Ten yuan a kilo. C：I like it very much. D：I don't like. 答案：B 4、- Hello, may I talk to the director now? - _________ A：Sorry, he is busy at the moment. B：No, you can't. C：Sorry, you can't. D：I don't know. 答案：A 5、- Who's speaking? - This is Tom .
A：speaks B：spoken C：speaking D：saying 答案：C 二、阅读理解 1、For several years，Americans have enjoyed teleshopping－watching TV and buying things by phone. Now teleshopping is starting in Europe. In a number of European countries，people can turn on their TVs and shop for clothes，jewelry，food，toys，and many other things. Teleshopping is becoming popular in Sweden，for example. The biggest Swedish company sells different kinds of things on TV in 15 European countries，and in one year it made $100 million. In France there are two teleshopping channels，and the French spend about $20 million a year to buy things through those channels. In Germany，until last year teleshopping was only possible on one channel for 1 hour every day. Then the government allowed more teleshopping. Other channels can open for telebusiness，including the largest American teleshopping company and a 24-hour teleshopping company. German businesses are hoping this new teleshopping will help them sell more things. Some people like teleshopping because it allows them to do their shopping without leaving their homes. With all the problems of traffic in the cities，this is an important reason. But at the same time，other Europeans do not like this new way of shopping. They can do teleshopping "junk on the air". Many Europeans usually worry about the quality of the things for sale on TV. Good quality is important to them，and they believe they cannot be sure about the quality of the things on TV. The need for high quality means that European teleshopping companies will have to be different from the American companies. They will have to be more careful about the quality of the things they sell. They will also have to work harder to sell things that the buyers cannot touch or see in person. (1)、Teleshopping is cheap in Europe. A：T B：F 答案：B (2)、People like teleshopping because it is easier. A：T B：F 答案：A
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2020年大学英语B统考题网考真题两份合集附全答案 试题一 一、交际英语 1.- I'm sorry I broke your mirror. - _________ A.It's OK with me. B.It doesn't matter. C.You are welcome. D.I don't care. 答案：B 2.- Excuse me, how much is the jacket? - It's 499 Yuan. ________ A.Oh, no. That's OK! B.How do you like it? C.Which do you prefer? D.Would you like to try it on? 答案：D 3.- Unbelievable! I have failed the driving test again! - _______ This is not the end of the world. A.Good luck. B.Cheer up. C.Go ahead.
D.No problem. 答案：B 4.-Congratulations! You won the first prize in today's speech contest. - ________ A.Yes, I beat the others. B.No, no, I didn't do it well. C.Thank you. D.It's a pleasure. 答案：C 5.- Paul, _______? - Oh, that's my father!And beside him, my mother. A.what is the person over there B.who's talking over there C.what are they doing D.which is that 答案：B 二、阅读理解 High in the Swiss Alps many years ago, there lived a lonely shepherd （牧羊人）boy who longed for a friend to share his evenings.（很多年以前，在瑞士阿尔卑斯山上住着一个牧羊人，他期望能找到一个朋友