动词短语和短语动词的区别

动词短语和短语动词的区别
动词短语和短语动词的区别

动词短语和短语动词的区别?

一。动词短语

动词短语的搭配可分为下列六种基本类型。

1.动词+副词

1)作及物动词,例:

He brought up his children strictly.

从以上的例句中可以看出,在“动词+副词”的词组中宾语位置有两种情况:宾语如是名词,则可置于副词后面,亦可置于动词和副词之间。而如果宾语是代词,只能置于动词后面,即动词和副词之间。

2)作不及物动词,例:

Something unexpected has turned up.

出现了令人意外的情况。(turn up=appear)

3)既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,例:

The barrel of gunpowder blew up.(不及物)火药桶爆炸了。

The soldiers blew up the bridge.(及物)士兵们把桥炸毁了。

2.动词+介词

动词与介词构成的词组在词义上相当于一个及物动词,宾语总是在介词后面,例:

I don’t much care for television.我不很喜欢电视。(care for=like)3.动词+副词+介词

在这类动词短语中,动词、副词、介词紧密结合,是动副词组和动介词组的合成体,词义上相当于一个及物动词。它兼有以上两类短语动词的特点,但宾语总是位于介词之后,例:

We must work hard to make up for lost time.我们必须努力工作来弥补失去的时间。(make up for=compensate['k?mpenseit] vi. 补偿,赔偿;抵消vt. 补偿,赔偿;付报酬)

4.动词+名词

这类动词短语中的常见动词是have,take,give,make等,后面的名词通常是从动词转化而来的动作名词,并表达了短语动词的真正意义,例:Let’s have another try.让我们再试一下。(have a try=v.try)

5.动词+名词+介词

这类动词短语只用作及物动词。名词前可加形容词说明程度,宾语总是位于介词之后,例:

Keep an eye on the baby while I am out.我不在家时请照看一下小孩子。6.be+形容词(包括过去分词作形容词)+介词

这类动词短语也相当于及物动词,宾语位于介词后面,形容词是短语动词的真正词义,例:

I know he is slow at understanding,but you have to be patient with him.我知道他理解力差,但你得对他耐心些。

二、短语动词

(1)短语动词常常是两个词(一个动词+一个副词性小品)构成,如:wake up , get up ,turn out 等。

(2)同一个动词后面可以有不同的副词性小品词,构成不同意义的短语动词。如:He turn on the radio .Bob turned out smiling.

(3)短语动词用法普遍,尤其在非正式语言中:

我们可以说He awoke late the following morning .但这太正式了。

我们通常说He woke up late the following morning .

短语动词的不同类型

Here is a page from Mr Jones` diary :

Monday ,February 5th.

*有些短语动词不带宾语:

The car broke down .Cigarette prices are going up.

*多数主短语动词可以带宾语,宾语通常在副词性小品词的前或后:

动词+副词性小品词+宾语动词+宾语+副词性小品词

I rang up a garage. I rang a garage up.

如果宾语较长,则通常放在副词之后:

I filled in an application form.(不说I filled an application form in .)

如果宾语是代词,其结构通常如下:

动词+代词+副词性小品词

I put it down.(不说I put down it .)

*有些短语动词是由三个词构成的(动词+副词性小品词+介词),这样,宾语就只能放在介词后面:

I don`t get on with the people at work

怎样区分:“动词+介词"和"动词+副词"。

先用我使用的最简单的方法给你说明一下:

1. 介词不可以单独存在,就是后面一定有东西跟着它,不要管是什么,翻译一下就明白了,

副词是修饰其它词的,就是...的...怎么样等,不管是修饰动词,形容词还是其它词.

我举个例子你一下子就明白了

please come in

sometimes i have a lunch out with Tom.

这里in就是副词,修饰动词come的,意思是进到里面来,out也是副词修饰动词have 吃,怎么吃,是与朋友到外面吃,这里in and out 后面都没有跟东西,就是副词。

he is studying in the classroom

不用我说了吧,哈哈in 后面有教室,就是在.....里.through the door he escaped

through 通过这个门,介词后接名词。

OK 一切搞定,这是最简单的方法.如果你想看那些太书面化的就看下面的吧,不过不如我教你有用哈哈

介词:

介词又称前置词,是虚词,在句中不单独作任何句子成分。介词后面必须有名词、名词性词组或名词性从句作它的宾语,构成介词短语,介词短语在句子中可充当各种句子成分,如:The flowers in our garden are in full blossom.(我们花园中的花朵盛开了。)在此句中,介词短语in our garden是地点,作定语修饰flowers,介词短语in full blossom作表语,表示主语的状态或情况。又如I met Mary before lunch.(我在午餐前碰见过玛丽。)介词短语before lunch在句中充当时间状语。

介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一,同一个介词和不同的词语搭配,可表示不同的意义,很多习语都是由介词和其他词构成的。因此对介词的掌握是学好英语的关键。介词有三种形式,它们是:1.简单介词,例:

at,on,behind,during,from,等等。

有些简单介词是由加-ing 的现在分词转化而来,例:

considering,concerning,regarding等等。

2.合成介词,例:

into,onto,inside,outside,without,throughout等等。

3.复合介词由两个或两个以上单词组成,例:

according to,because of,ahead of,in front of,on account of等等。

注意:不管复合介词由几个单词组成,但末尾一个单词必须是介词。

副词:

副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词等单词或短语,以说明动作性质或状态的特征的词。副词的主要句法功用是作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词或某些短语,甚至整个句子。副词可以使语言的描述更具体、更全面、更生动,因此,在传递信息,交流思想和感情方面发挥强大的功能。

常用的副词有:now, ago, before, today, tomorrow, always, often, sometimes, already, late, soon, here, there, easily,comfortably, hardly, happily,sadly 等等。

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stand for 代表,表示hope/wish for 希望得至0 beg for 乞求look for 寻找hunt for 寻找charge for 收费,要价take for 误以为…是come for来拿,来取 5. 动词+down burn down 烧毁take down记下,记录cut down削减,砍倒pass down 传下来calm down平静下来settle dow n 安家 tear down 拆毁,拆除break down 坏了,垮了,分解turn down 调小,拒绝slow down慢下来put down记下,写下,镇压bring down 使… 降低,使倒下come down下落,传下 6. 动词+at come at 向...袭击 run at冲向,向…攻击 tear at 用力撕stare at 凝视gla nee at 匆匆一瞥knock at敲门,窗等smile at 冲某人笑aim at 向…瞄准wonder at 惊讶shout at 冲某人嚷嚷work at 干…活动研究look at 看,注视glare at 怒视laugh at 嘲笑point at 指向strike at 向... 打击shoot at 向…射击call at 拜访地点 7. 动词+from differ from 与...不同 suffer from 受... 苦

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