大学四级篇章词汇答题

阅读理解--篇章词汇答题小解

一﹑题型解密

本题型的考查是在一篇220字左右的文章中，拿掉10个单词，要求大家从15个备选答案中选出10个填入文章的空格处，以使文章思想连贯﹑表达清楚。首先，所选文章大约在200-250个词，体裁多为记叙文﹑说明文或是夹叙夹议的文章。题材多具有社会性﹑普及性，如人物介绍﹑科普知识或社会热点，而不会选择过分专业化的文章。其次，所选的10个词多为实词，即能独立担当句子成分的词，如名词﹑动词﹑形容词和副词。另外，文章的首句一般很少设置空格，以保证考生对文章的理解。

从表面上看，选词填空类似于完型填空，但又有其独到之处，即篇章词汇不是将文章内容分成零散的信息点，而是更偏重于将信息点合理地组合成整体。所以对于语篇的理解（包括全文的中心主题，段落之间的关系，句子之间以及句子内部的逻辑关系等）是本题考查的关键。

二﹑答题套路

1．略读全文，寻找文中主题句

对于篇章词汇的题目，最好能迅速地浏览一遍全文，以便对文章内容有一个整体的把握。其中一个方法就是寻找文章的主题句或者各个段落的主题句，这对文章的理解起着关键的作用，而很多情况下，文章的首句或各个段落的首句就是主题句，所以大家要多注意对首句的理解。

2．分析选项，将单词以词性分类

因为篇章词汇考查的词大多是实词，所以可以先将备选的15个词按照名词﹑形容词﹑动词和副词等分类。

3．细读全文，分析句子找选项

在对文章大意和选项有了大概的了解之后，接下来就是仔细阅读文章，边读边找选项。在这个环节中我们一定要分析好空格前后的句子逻辑关系，以确定所缺单词的词性，然后根据全文的逻辑关系排除干扰项，确定正确答案。

4．通读全文，带着选项验文章

作完选项后，一定要再次略读全文，以达到检验自己所填答案的目的。因为在此类型考题中，上下文的逻辑关系很重要。

Whether or not to tell the seriously ill about their true condition has long been a ___1___ for medical professionals. Many doctors believe that ___2____the facts from those patients will benefit them psychologically and may help them recover. But new studies show that ____3____ to this widespread belief, the overwhelming majority of patients want to be told the truth, even in the case of ___4___ illnesses. If they are not, they feel ___5___ and misled. As it is, lying makes it difficult for patients to make choices ___6___ their own health. And keeping a dying patient in the dark prevents him from making decisions about the end of his life. Lying can also cause doctors to lose their integrity and credibility and do harm to ___7___ who are honest with their patients. In the long run, lying hurts the entire medical ___8___. As a ___9___ of the current concerns, many hospitals have adopted patients’ bills of rights, but patients still need to be wary because the days of physicians ___10___ patients are certainly not over yet and may never be.

Passage 2

Most people ___1___ work with punishment or think of it as a necessary burden. But the truth is work provides people with personal satisfaction and, individual pride, a sense of accomplishment. Aside from offering ___2___ support, work can keep us healthy not only physically but also mentally. For example, patients suffering from depression could often be ___3___ when provided with gainful employment. The ___4___ is also true. Retirement and ___5___ can be harmf ul to one’s health. People with no chance to work and derive ___6___ from a job may suffer from the symptoms of acute illness even though they are not physically sick. While at work, people tend to enjoy the company of other ___7___ because the relationships among them are not so complicated as those in other ___8___ of life. Besides, people want to work with a winner --- a best work group or in a well-known ___9___ --- rather than a loser, for a successful unit can bring us ___10___ as well as self-confidence.

Author Mortimer Adler argues that we should mark books---but only when they are our own ___1___. As we all know, we have to “read between the __2___”, but we should also write between them. He points out that we are not really in full owning of a book until we have done so. However, we should not do this to all books. Not, for example, to rare editions or expensive volumes with ___3___ binding or printing, nor to works of popular fiction, which we might pass time for an evening of ___4___ reading. But we do it to great books, which are rich in ideas and raise and try to answer fundamental questions. He says we do not ___5___ ideas from an important thinker the way we do the songs of a ___6___ singer. As far as great books are concerned, therefore, reading should be active. And the physical act of writing in books brings the words and sentences before our minds and ___7___ them better in our memory. We do this by making ___8___ notes. As we read we record our thoughts and the questions we have, pints of agreement, disagreement, doubt and ___9___. If we should stop reading and continue a week later, there are all the points we made before and we can begin where we ___10___ off. Above all, he expects that active reading is a conversation between author and readers.

Passage 4

How do we get more people to increase their consumption of iron-rich foods? Many nutritionists __1__ the increase of a number of foods. This may help, but I contend that we should also _2__ our efforts in nutrition education among our young people. I simply do not buy the argument that it is __3___ to try to change eating habits. Once an intelligent person----and this includes adolescents----understands the need for a healthy diet, I think he or she will act __4___. As for specific actions, I suggest that blood should be checke d as a __5__ part of a youngster’s yearly physical examination. It should contain at least 11 grams iron per 100 milliliters of blood for a girl and at least 12 grams for a boy. If it is any lower, the physician probably will __6___ an easily absorbed iron supplement. Adolescents ---and everyone else---should cut out highly processed foods and drinks, which may be low in iron and other nutrients. Read the labels for iron ___7___. Especially make sure that all bakery products are made with ___8__ flour or whole grains. Try adding liver (chicken, beef or any other variety) to the weekly ___9___. Finally, even when you are trying to lose weight, always eat a __10___, well-balanced diet made up of a variety of flesh or very lightly processed foods. This way, you stand a good chance of getting not only enough iron, but also adequate amounts of all the other essential nutrients.

Passage 5

Many of today’s college students are suffering from a form of shock.

Lisa is a good example of a student in shock. She is an attractive, intelligent twenty-year-old college__1___ at a state university. Now, only three years later, Lisa is miserable. She has __2___ her major four times and is forced to hold down two part-time jobs in order to pay her tuition. She suffers from sleeping and eating disorders and has no ___3___friend. Sometimes she bursts out crying for no ___4___reason.

What is happening to Lisa happens to millions of college students each year. As a result, roughly one-quarter of the student population at any time will suffer from ___5___ of depression. Half of them will experience depression intense enough to call for __6___help. But many of them ___7___the idea because they don’t want people to think there’s something wrong with them.

There are two reasons today’s college students are suffering more than those in earlier generations. First is a weakening family support___8___. Today, with high divorce rate, the traditional family is not always available for support. Another problem is ___9___ pressure. In the last decade tuition cost rose about sixty-six percent at public colleges and ninety percent at private schools. ___10___, most students must work at least part-time. It can be depressing to students to be faced with the added tuition costs.

Keys:

Passage 1

1. M

2. E

3. L

4. J

5. G

6. D

7. A

8. N

9. C 10. I Passage 2

1. E

2. A

3. I

4. L

5. C

6. O

7. K

8. H

9. D 10. F Passage 3

1.I

2. F

3. N

4. M

5. A

6. H

7. E

8. L

9. J 10. C Passage 4

1. J

2. M

3. C

4. K

5. E

6. I

7. H

8. N

9. A 10. L Passage 5

1. E

2. B

3. I

4. F

5. G

6. K

7. J

8. D

9. M 10. L