地质工程专业英语

地质工程专业英语 Final revision by standardization team on December 10, 2020.

1地形地貌 geographic and geomorphic 工程地质条件 engineering geological conditions

地形地貌条件 geographic and geomorphic conditions

地形 land form

地貌 geomorphology, relief

微地貌 microrelief

地貌单元 landform unit, geomorphic unit

坡度 grade

地形图 relief map

河谷 river valley

河道 river course

河床 river bed(channel)

冲沟 gully, gulley, erosion gully, stream(brook)

河漫滩 floodplain(valley flat)阶地 terrace

冲积平原 alluvial plain

三角洲 delta

古河道 fossil river course, fossil stream channel

冲积扇 alluvial fan

洪积扇 diluvial fan

坡积裙 talus apron

分水岭 divide

盆地 basin

岩溶地貌 karst land feature, karst landform

溶洞 solution cave, karst cave

落水洞 sinkhole

土洞 Karstic earth cave

2地层岩性

地层 geostrome (stratum, strata)

岩性 lithologic character, rock property

岩体 rock mass

岩层 bed stratum

岩层 layer, rock stratum

母岩 matrix, parent rock

相变 facies change 硬质岩 strong rock, film 软质岩 weak rock

硬质的 competent

软质的 incompetent

基岩 bedrock

岩组 petrofabric

覆盖层 overburden

交错层理 cross bedding

层面 bedding plane

片理 schistosity

层理 bedding

板理（叶理） foliation

波痕 ripple-mark

泥痕 mud crack

雨痕 raindrop imprints

造岩矿物 rock-forming minerals

粘土矿物 clay mineral

高岭土 kaolinite

蒙脱石 montmorillonite

伊利石 illite

云母 mica

白云母 muscovite

黑云母 biotite

石英 quartz

长石 feldspar

正长石 orthoclase

斜长石 plagioclase

辉石 pyroxene, picrite

角闪石 hornblende

方解石 calcite

构造 structure

结构 texture

组构 fabric(tissue)

矿物组成 mineral composition

结晶质 crystalline

非晶质 amorphous

产状 attitude

火成岩 igneous

岩浆岩 magmatic rock

火山岩（熔岩）lava

火山 volcano

侵入岩 intrusive(invade) rock

喷出岩 effusive rock

深成岩 plutonic rock

浅成岩 pypabysal rock

酸性岩 acid rock

中性岩 inter-mediate rock

基性岩 basic rock

超基性岩 ultrabasic rock

岩基 rock base (batholith)岩脉（墙） dike

岩株 rock stock

岩流 rock flow

岩盖 rock laccolith (laccolite)

岩盆 rock lopolith

岩墙 rock dike

岩床 rock sill

岩脉 vein dyke

花岗岩 granite

斑岩 porphyry

玢岩 porphyrite

流纹岩 rhyolite

正长岩 syenite

粗面岩 trachyte

闪长岩 diorite

安山岩 andesite

辉长岩 gabbro

玄武岩 basalt

细晶岩 aplite

伟晶岩 pegmatite

煌斑岩 lamprophyre

辉绿岩 diabase

橄榄岩 dunite

黑曜岩 obsidian

浮岩 pumice

火山角砾岩 vulcanic breccia

火山集块岩 volcanic agglomerate 凝灰岩 tuff

沉积岩 sedimentary rock

碎屑岩 clastic rock

粘土岩 clay rock

粉砂质粘土岩 silty claystone

化学岩 chemical rock

生物岩 biolith

砾岩 conglomerate

角砾岩 breccia

砂岩 sandstone

石英砂岩 quartz sandstone

粉砂岩 siltstone 钙质粉砂岩 calcareous siltstone

泥岩 mudstone

页岩 shale

盐岩 saline

石灰岩 limestone

白云岩 dolomite

泥灰岩 marl

泥钙岩 argillo-calcareous

泥砂岩 argillo-arenaceous

砂质 arenaceous

泥质 argillaceous

硅质的 siliceous

有机质 organic matter

粗粒 coarse grain

中粒 medium-grained

沉积物 sediment (deposit)

漂石、顽石 boulder

卵石 cobble

砾石 gravel

砂 sand

粉土 silt

粘土 clay

粘粒 clay grain

砂质粘土 sandy clay

粘质砂土 clayey sand

壤土、亚粘土 loam

砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土 sandy loam

浮土、表土 regolith (topsoil)

黄土 loess

红土 laterite

泥灰 peat

软泥 ooze

淤泥 mire, oozed mud, sludge, warp clay

冲积物（层） alluvion

冲积的 alluvial

洪积物（层） proluvium, diluvium, diluvion

洪积的diluvial

坡积物（层）deluvium

残积物（层）eluvium

残积的 eluvial

风积物（层）eolian deposits

湖积物（层）lake deposits

海积物（层）marine deposits

冰川沉积物（层）glacier

(drift)deposits

崩积物（层） colluvial deposits, colluvium

残积粘土 residual clay

变质岩 metamorphic rock

板岩 slate

千枚岩 phyllite

片岩 schist

片麻岩 gneiss

石英岩 quartzite

大理岩 marble

糜棱岩 mylonite

混合岩 migmatite

碎裂岩 cataclasite

3地质构造

地质构造 geologic structure

结构构造 structural texture

大地构造 geotectonic

构造运动 tectogenesis

造山运动 orogeny

升降运动 vertical movement

水平运动 horizontal movement

完整性 perfection(integrity)起伏度 waviness

尺寸效应 size effect

围压效应 confining pressure effect

产状要素 elements of attitude

产状 attitude, orientation 走向 strike

倾向 dip

倾角 dip angle, angle of dip

褶皱fold

褶曲 fold

单斜 monocline

向斜 syncline

背斜 anticline

穹隆 dome

挤压 squeeze

上盘 upper section

下盘 bottom wall, footwall, lower wall

断距 separation 相交 intersect

断层 fault

正断层 normal fault

逆断层 reversed fault

平移断层 parallel fault

层理 bedding,

stratification

微层理 light stratification 地堑 graben

地垒 horst, fault ridge

断层泥 gouge, pug, selvage, fault gouge

擦痕 stria, striation

断裂 fracture

破碎带 fracture zone

节理 joint

节理组joint set

裂隙 fissure, crack

微裂隙 fine fissure, microscopic fissure

劈理 cleavage

原生裂隙 original joint

次生裂隙 epigenetic joint

张裂隙 tension joint

剪裂隙 shear joint

卸荷裂隙 relief crack

裂隙率 fracture porosity

结构类型 structural pattern

岩体结构 rock mass structure 岩块 block mass

结构体 structural element

块度 blockness

结构面 structural plane

软弱结构面 weak plane

临空面 free face

碎裂结构 cataclastic texture 板状结构 platy structure

薄板状 lamellose

块状的 lumpy, massive

层状的 laminated

巨厚层 giant thick-laminated 薄层状的 finely laminated

软弱夹层 weak intercalated layer

夹层 inter bedding,

intercalated bed, interlayer, intermediate layer

夹泥层 clayey intercalation

夹泥 inter-clay

连通性 connectivity

切层 insequent

影响带 affecting zone

完整性 integrity n.

Integrate v. & a.

degree of integrality 破碎 crumble

胶结 cement

泥化 argillization

尖灭 taper-out

错动 diastrophism

错动层面 faulted bedding plane 断续的 intermittent

破碎 crumble

共轭节理 conjugated joint 散状 loose

透镜状的 lens-shaped a.

岩石碎片 crag

岩屑 cuttings, debris

薄膜 membrane, film

层理 stratification

高角度 high dip angle

缓倾角 low dip angle

反倾 anti-dip

互层 interbed v.

Interbedding n.

起伏的 unplanar

波状起伏的 undulate, undulating

粒径 particle size

构造层 tectonosphere

挤压 compression

均一的 homogeneous

剪切错动面 shear faulted, bedding zone

切割 dissection

切割的 dissected

致密 close, compact

构造岩 tectonite

糜棱岩 mylonite

断层角砾岩 fault breccia

方解石脉 calcite vein 碎块岩 clastic rock

角砾 breccia

岩粉 rock powder

岩屑 debris, debry

固结 consolidation

定向排列 oriented spread

构造应力 tectonic stress

残余应力 residual stress

4水文地质条件 hydrogeological conditions

水文循环 hydrologic cycle

大气圈 atmosphere

水圈 hydrosphere

岩石圈 geosphere

地表径流 surface runoff

地下径流 subsurface runoff

流域 valley, drainage basin 流域面积 drainage area, river basin area

汇水面积 catchment area

地下水 ground water, subsurface water

地表水 surface water

大气水 atmospheric water

气态水 aqueous (vapour) water 液态水 liquid water

固态水 solid water

上层滞水 perched water

潜水 phreatic water

承压水 confined water

吸着水 hygroscopic (adsorptive) water

介质 medium

空隙 void

孔隙水压力 pore water pressure

渗透压力 osmotic pressure, seepage force

扬压力 uplift pressure

静水压力 hydrostatic pressure 外静水压力external hydrostatic pressure

动水压力 hydrodynamic pressure 渗透力 seepage pressure

外水压力 external water pressure

内水压力 internal water pressure

水力联系 hydraulic

interrelation

水力折减系数 hydraulic reduction coefficient

水头损失 water head loss

渗透途径 filtration path, seepage path

渗透系数 penetration

coefficient

潜水位 water table level

水位 water level, stage level

水头 water head

含水层 aquifer

弱含水层（弱透水层） aquitard

滞水层 aquiclude

透水层 permeable layer, pervious layer

不透水层（隔水层） aquifuge, impervious layer,

impermeable layer, aquiclude

潜水含水层 phreatic aquifer

承压含水层 confined aquifer, artesian aquifer

承压面 bearing surface

潜水面 phreatic surface, water table

浸润线 phreatic curve

不透水边界 impervious boundary

地下分水岭 groundwater ridge

粘滞性 viscosity

富水性 abundance

透水性（渗透性）permeability

淋滤（溶滤作用）lixiviation, leaching

反滤层 inverted gravel filter 水锈 incrustation

渗滴 seep

饱和 saturation, saturated 潜水位变化带 zone of variable phreatic level

气象因素 meteorological factor 饱水带 zone of saturation

包气带aeration zone, zone of aeration

包气带水 aeration zone water

上层滞水 perched water

孔隙水 pore water

裂隙水 fissure water

岩溶水 karstic water

结合水 bound water, combined water

吸着水 hydroscopic water

薄膜水 pellicular water

毛细水 capillary water

重力水 gravitational water

凝结水 condensation water

地下水埋藏条件condition of groundwater occurrence

地下水埋藏深度 depth of groundwater occurrence

压水试验 packer permeability

test

抽水试验 pumping test

5物理力学性质

物理力学physical mechanics n.

Physico-mechanical a.

屈服准则 yield criteria

米赛斯屈服准则 Von Mises yield

criteria

朗肯土压力理论Ranking’s earth pressure theory

剑桥模型 Cambridge model, Cam-model

邓肯-张模型 Duncan-chang model

本构方程constitutive equation

局部剪切破坏local shear

failure

整体剪切破坏general shear

failure

岩体完整性指数intactness index of

rock mass

安全系数factor of safety

埋深embedment depth

试件coupons

挠度deflection

里氏震级Richter scale

设计烈度design intensity

基本烈度basic intensity

场地烈度site intensity

地震烈度seismic intensity, intensity scale

卓越周期predominant period 持力层sustained yield

超载surcharge

围岩压力surrounding rock stress

附加压力superimposed stress

应力松弛stress relaxation 应力路迳stress path

卸荷 unload

渗透率specific permeability

饱和度degree of saturation

含水量moisture content

平均粒径mean diameter

颗粒grain, granule, particle

颗粒级配 distribution of grain-size,

grain composition, size distribution

级配 graduation,

grain-size distribution, gradation, grading

粒度coarseness grain size, granularity, lump

不均匀系数 coefficient of non-uniformity,

variation coefficient, variation factor

颗粒分级gradation, size grading

孔隙水 pore water

孔隙比void ratio (ration)空隙率air voids

孔隙率porosity 裂隙率crackity

溶隙率karstity

密度 density

重度unit weight, bulk weight 浮重度buoyant unit weight

折减系数 reduction factor

压力消散 dissipation of pressure

抗力系数 coefficient of resistance

软化系数 softening coefficient 含水量 water content

稠度 consistency

塑限plastic limit

液限liquid limit

塑性指数plasticity index 液性指数liquidity index

流变 rheological

蠕变 creep

塑性plastic

脆性

brittleness(fragility)

粘性stickness

刚性rigidity

弹性的 elastic

粘弹性 viso-elasticity

弹塑性 elasto-plasticity

压缩性 compressibility

均质性homogeneity

非均质性nonhomogeneity (heterogeneity)

各向同性isotropy

各向异性anisotropy

总应力 total stress

有效应力 effective stress

超孔隙水压力 excess pore pressure 孔隙水压力 pore water pressure

抗压强度compressive strength

抗拉强度tensile strength 抗剪强度 shear strength

不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strenght

峰值抗剪强度peak share strength

长期抗剪强度long-term shear strength

残余抗剪强度residual shear strength

负摩擦力negative skin friction, dragdown

摩擦角 angle of friction

内摩擦角angle of internal friction

外摩擦角angle of external friction

内聚力cohesion

粘聚力 cohesion

假凝聚力pseudo-cohesion

粘着力 adhesion

摩尔圆Mohr’s circle

包络线 envelope

休止角 angle of repose,

angle of friction(repose, rest), repose angle

峰值 peak

模量 modulus

弹性模量 modulus of

elasticity，

Young’s modulus, elastic modulus

压缩模量 modulus of compressibility

变形模量 modulus of deformation 卸荷模量unloading modulus 切线模量tangent modulus

剪切模量shear modulus

割线模量secant modulus

旁压模量pressurmeter modulus

泊松比poisson’s ration

固结 consolidation

固结系数 coefficient of consolidation

固结度degree of consolidation

超固结比 over consolidation ration 应变 strain

压缩比 compressibility ratio 压缩系数 coefficient of compressibility

压缩指数 compression index

初始曲线 virgin curve

正常固结土normally consolidated soil

欠固结土under-consolidated soil

超固结土over-consolidated soil

被动土压力passive earth pressure

主动土压力active earth pressure

静止土压力earth pressure at rest

覆盖压力overburden pressure

初始应力initial stress

地应力场ground(geostatic) stress field

有效应力effective stress

动应力dynamic stress

动荷载dynamic load

偏心荷载eccentric loads

循环荷载inclined loads

地应力 ground stress, geostatic stress

初始应力 initial stress

应力场 stress field

纵波longitudinal wave 液化势liquefaction potential

液化指数liquefaction index 交角angular

岩石抗力系数coefficient of rock resistance

容许承载力allowable bearing capacity

临塑压力critical pressure 接触压力contact pressure

6工程地质问题

工程地质问题 engineering geological problem

定性评价 qualitative estimate 定量评价 quantitative estimate

极限平衡法 limit equilibrium method

不良地质现象 unfavorable geological condition

风化 weathering

变形 deformation

位移 displacement

不均匀位移differential movement

相对位移relative displacement

沉陷 settlement

山崩 avalanche, toppling

崩塌 toppling, toppling collapse

滑坡、地滑 creep, slide

切层滑坡 insequent landslide

深层滑坡 deep slide

浅层滑坡 shallow slide

顺层滑坡 consequent landslide

滑动面

sliding surface, sliding plane, slip surface

滑动带 sliding zone

滑床 slide bed

滑坡体 slide(sliding) mass

古滑坡 fossil landslide

推移式滑坡 slumping slide

牵引式滑坡 retrogressive slide

管涌 piping, internal erosion

渗漏 leakage

流砂 quicksand

渗流 seepage

液化 liquefaction

7工程勘察 engineering investigation 工程地质勘察engineering geology investigation

岩土工程勘察geotechnical investigation

工程地质条件engineering geological condition

工程地质评价engineering geological evaluation

勘测survey 岩芯采取率core recovery, core extraction

岩芯获得率

RQD（岩石质量指标） rock quality designation

程序（步骤）procedure

勘察阶段investigational stage

选点踏勘 reconnaissance

初步设计 primary design

初步规划 preliminary scheme

初步勘探 preliminary

prospecting

初步踏勘 ground reconnaissance

可行性研究阶段 feasibility stage

初步设计阶段preliminary stage

施工阶段construction sage

踏勘reconnaissance, inspection

地质测绘geological survey

工程地质测绘engineering geological mapping

钻探borehole operation, boring

物探geophysical exploration

洞探exploratory adits

钎探rod sounding

坑探exploring mining

槽探trenching

天然建材调查

natural materials surveying (examination)

岩土工程勘察报告 geotechnical investigation report

鉴定identification, appraisal

鉴定书expertise report

鉴定人identifier, surveyor

校核verification

总监chief inspector

比例proportion

地形图geographic map

地貌图geomorphological map

地质图geological map

工程地质图engineering geological map

实测地质剖面图

field-acquired geological profile(section)

构造地质图geological structure map 第四纪地质图quarternary geological map

地质详图detail map of geology

地质柱状图geologic columnar section, geologic log

钻孔柱状图logs of bore hole

纵剖面图longitudinal section

横剖面图cross section

展示图reveal detail map 节理玫瑰图rose of joints

基岩等高线bed rock contour

层底等高线contour of stratum bottom

岩层界线strata boundary

岩面高程elevation of bed rock surface

坐标coordinate

分层bed separation

地质点geological observation point

勘探点exploratory point (spot)

勘探线exploratory line

勘探孔exploration hole

平洞adit

竖井riser, shaft, vertical shaft

探槽exploratory trench 探井exploratory pit

钻孔borehole, drill hole

机钻孔ordinary drill hole

套钻孔sleeve drill hole 管钻孔pipe drill hole

岩芯core

岩芯钻探core drilling

回转钻探（进）rotary drilling

冲击钻探churn drilling, percussion drilling

钢砂钻探shot drilling

铁砂钻进iron shot drilling 跟管钻进follow-down

drilling

振动钻进vibro-boring, vibro-drilling

泥浆钻探mud flush drilling 金刚石钻进diamond drilling

单动式single acting

双层double layer

空气钻探air flush drilling 钻机drilling rig

钻头drill bit,

drilling bit

螺旋钻头auger

勺钻spoon bit

冲击钻头percussion bit, chopping bit

桶式钻头bucket auger

钻杆drill rod

套管casing

岩芯管core barrel

冲洗掖flush fluid

正循环冲洗direct circulation 反循环冲洗reverse circulation

泥浆mud, slurry

泥皮mud cake

护壁dado

止水seal, water seal

扫孔cleaning bottom of hole

钻进 drilling

平硐 adit

竖井 shaft

钻探 drilling boring

8工程地质试验

击实试验 compaction test

压缩试验compression test

固结试验consolidation test

单轴试验 uniaxial compression test

现场剪切试验 in-situ shear test

单剪试验 simple shear test

直剪试验 direct shear test

慢剪试验slow test

单剪试验simple shear test 快剪试验quick test

三轴剪切试验 triaxial shear test

三轴压缩试验 triaxial compression test

动三轴试验 dynamic triaxial test 不固结不排水剪试验

unconsolidated undrained

test(quick test)

固结不排水剪试验

consolidated undrained

test(consolidated quick test)

固结排水试验 consolidated drained test(slow test)

原位测试in-situ test

现场监测on-site(in-site) monitoring

现场检测on-site (in-site) inspection

观测孔observation borehole

静力触探试验 cone penetration test,

static penetration test, static cone test

标贯试验 standard penetration test

十字板剪切试验 vane shear test, vane test

检层法up-hole method, borehole method

旁压试验pressuremeter test 动力触探试验

dynamic penetration test, dynamic sounding

点荷载试验point load test

岩石试验rock test

应力解除法 stress relief method

应力恢复法 stress recovery method 套孔法 over-coring method 9岩土体加固

掌子面breast, driving face,

heading face, tunnel face

顶拱vault

底拱invert

洞室开挖excavation

超挖overbreak

风钻pneumatic drill

开挖断面excavated section

塌落slump

细骨料混凝土concrete made with fine aggregate

细骨料fine aggregate,

fine adjustment

料场stock ground

土料earth material

矿渣 cinder, mineral water residue, scoria, slag

性能 function, performance, property, nature

凝结 coagulate, congeal, congealment, coagulation

合格qualified, on test, up to standard

初凝initial set

初凝时间initial setting time

终凝final set

配合比mix proportion

塌落度slump

水化热 heat of hydration, hydration heat,

setting heat

水灰比water-cement ratio 粉煤灰fly ash

梅花状quincuncial

pattern

喷射shotcrete

浇注pouring

钢筋网coiremesh

加固reinforce

锚杆anchored bar, rock bolt

锚索anchored cable

锚紧端anchor station

锚桩anchored peg

采石场rock quarry

开挖excavation

清基cleanup foundation 明挖open-cut

爆破explosion

光面爆破smooth blasting

预裂法presplitting

10 水工概论

坝址toe of dam

坝踵 heel

坝段monolith

坝顶crest

坝肩shoulders

左坝肩left dam abutment 副坝saddle dam

三坝址the third dam site 标高height mark

上游水位headwater

正常库水位normal reservoir level 地下洞室 underground opening (tunnel)

压力隧洞pressure tunnel

无压隧洞gravity tunnel

交通洞access tunnel

灌浆洞grouting tunnel

明流洞free-flow tunnel 孔板洞orifice tunnel

排砂洞sediment tunnel

尾水洞tailrace tunnel

排水洞drainage tunnel

导流洞diversion tunnel 隧道 tunnel

围岩 surrounding rock, ambient rock

围岩应力 secondary stress static

应力集中 stress concentrate

覆盖层 over burden

冒顶 cave in, roof fall

底鼓 bottom heave

回弹 rebound

岩爆 rock burst

冻结法 freezing method 超载 over break

衬砌 lining

围堰 cofferdam

堤 dike

近坝岸坡 abutments

施工（收缩）缝 construction joint

心墙 core

截水墙 cutoff wall

防渗墙diaphragm wall

排水井drainage wells

排水幕 drainage curtain

减压井relief wells

反滤层filter zone

灌浆材料grout

水力劈裂 hydraulic fracturing

帷幔线curtain line

上游围堰upstream cofferdam 混凝土防渗墙concrete cutoff wall

截流interim completion 导水墙channel training wall

正常溢洪道渠首工程service spillway headwork

消力塘lined plunge pool 隔墙divider walls

混凝土护坦concrete apron

副厂房auxiliary power house

闸门室gate chamber

中闸室mid gate chamber

开关站switch yard

电梯井elevator shaft

尾水渠tail race

非常溢洪道emergency spillway

11桥梁及基础工程

江阴大桥Jiangyin Bridge

悬索桥suspension bridge 锚碇anchorage

重力式嵌岩锚 gravity socketed anchorage

北锚碇前（后）锚面

front(back) surface of northern anchorage

塔墩tower

墩 pier

散索鞍splay saddle

猫道footbridge

主缆main cable

索股cable strand

主鞍main saddle, tower saddle

主跨main span

边跨side span

引桥approach

钢箱梁steel box main girder

埋深 embedment depth

北塔墩基础north tower base

基础 foundation, footing

浅基础shallow foundation

深基础deep foundation

联合基础 combined footing

筏形基础raft(mat) foundation

钢模steel form

桩pile

基桩foundation pile

群桩pile groups

桩基础pile foundation

桩承台 pile cap

高桩承台 high-rise pile cap

低桩承台 buried pile cap

摩擦桩 friction pile

端承桩 end bearing pile

嵌岩桩 socketed pile

板桩 sheet pile

旋喷桩 jet-grouted pile

灌注桩 cast-in-place pile

沉管灌注桩 driven cast-in-place pile

支护桩 soldier piles, tangent piles

刚性桩rigid pile

柔性桩flexible pile

侧向受荷桩laterally loaded pile

轴向受荷桩axially loaded pile

预制桩precast concrete pile

振动打桩 vibratory pile driving 振动钻进 vibratory drilling

沉箱 caisson

沉井（沉箱）(open) caisson

地下连续墙 diaphragm wall, slurry wall

支撑 bracing

超载 surcharge

接触应力 contact pressure

井点降水 well-point dewatering 桩极限承载力 ultimate bearing capacity of pile

承载力 bearing capacity

阻力 resistance

桩端阻力 end resistance

表面摩擦力 skin friction

粘着系数 adhesion factor

负摩擦力 negative skin friction 安全系数 factor of safety

压缩层 compressed layer

附加应力 additional stress, superimposed stress

持力层 bearing layer, sustaining layer

地基土 foundation soil, subsoil

临塑压力 critical pressure

剪切破坏 shear failure

地基失效 foundation failure

冲剪破坏 punching failure

渐进破坏 progressive failure

容许荷载 allowable load

极限承载力 ultimate bearing capacity

沉降 settlement

沉降差 differential settlement

尾部倾斜 angular distortion

倾斜 tilting

坑底隆起 bottom heave

静止土压力 earth pressure at rest 稳定数 stability number

路堤 embankment

地基处理 ground treatment soil improvement

垫层 cushion

加固 stabilization

注浆 injection

灌浆 guniting

帷幕 curtain

挡土墙 retaining wall

锚固 anchoring

喷浆 guniting

锚杆 earth anchor

盲沟 French drain

振冲法 vibro jet

12监测仪器

观测孔 observation bore/hole 仪器观测 instrumentation

读数装置 readout device

传感器 transducer

探头 probe

压力盒 pressure cell

振弦式应变计 vibrating wire strain gauge

伸长计、变位计 extension meter

板式沉降仪 foundation base/pate 测斜仪 inclinometer

测压计，渗压计 piezometer

垂线 plumb

垂直度 plumbness

13安全监控

可靠性检查reliability checking 监控模型 monitoring and prediction model

监测 monitoring

资料 datum, data

可靠性 reliability

稳定性stability

安全safety

评估 evaluation, appraise 评定 assessment, assess, rate

评价准则 criterion

灾害 hazard, calamity 确定性方法论 Deterministic methodology

应急行动计划 EAP(emergency action plan)

事故 accident

紧急状态 emergency 紧急检查 emergency inspection

灾情等级 hazard classification 灾害评价 hazard evaluation

风险评估 risk assessment

静力（Static Analysis）

动力（Dynamic Analysis）

蠕变（Creep Material Model）

渗流（Fluid-mechanical Interaction）

热力学（Thermal Option）

headward erosion溯源侵蚀

scouring of levee or bank淘刷strongly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellar

weakly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellar

of continually aftershocks of 7 or

8-degree intensity

Evidently 明显的

Correspondingly adv.相应地; 相关地; 相同地

the hanging wall of triggering seismic fault

oblique~bedding bank slope