2014年全国新课标英语卷I详细解析

2014年全国新课标英语卷I详细解析
2014年全国新课标英语卷I详细解析

1. 2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(全国新课标卷I)

【名师简评】2014年高考英语全国新课标卷(1)总体上延续近几年试卷风格,保持了相对的稳定性,但题型设置上略有调整,第一部分为听力,题型和分值不变;第二部分改为阅读理解,题型和分值、权重与去年相同;第三部分为英语知识运用,该部分取消了单项填空,改为短文填空,并将其放在完形填空的后面;第二卷各项测试内容与去年基本相同。试卷这一变化符合新课改后新高考强调“能力立意”,适当减少客观选择类试题的趋势。

整个试卷立足基础,突出语境。阅读理解第一节仍为四篇短文,题材广泛,选文多样,有应用文,说明文和议论文,内容具有浓郁的人文和社会气息,有较强的时代感,同时具有一定的知识性、趣味性和思想性,充分体现了语言灵活应用的要求,四篇难度呈梯级上升,D篇相对较长,为社科类文章。具备一定难度。阅读理解的考查视角广而多,主要考点涉及细节推断,作者意图、观点和态度,深层理解等。与去年相比,主旨要义题虽略有减少,但整体理解题仍占据一定比

例,需要学生把握文章主题、段落概要、作者思想来解题。细节理解题多数不只是简单理解信息,需要学生对具体信息进行一定的判断和推理。阅读理解第二节选择了一篇谈及子女教育的文章,通俗易懂,重点考查学生理解、归纳和概括段落信息的能力,整体难度比去年略有降低。完形填空的语篇继续以“议论并说明”形式出现,但上下文逻辑更为严密,脉络清晰,有利于学生解题。短文改错的选材内容鲜活,错误典型。书面表达继续选择开放式作文,具备较强的实用性,需要学生利用所学的语言知识解决实际问题。整张试卷在考查语言基础知识的同时,注重语言运用能力的考查,保持了较好的信度、效度和区分度。

总而言之,2014年高考英语试卷强化了语言综合能力的考查,突出语言的文化属性,体现学生通过阅读重构认知的理念,对推进课程改革将起到较好的导向作用。

第一部分听力

1~5 ABCBA 6~10 BCACA 11~15 ACBCA 16~20 CBCAB

第二部分阅读理解

第一节

2014年全国卷阅读理解试题坚持能力立意的命题理念,选材语言地道,文体特征鲜明。试题难易适当,从A篇到D篇有合理的梯度,将细节判断、理解判断和推理判断融会贯通,区分度较好。

今年阅读理解在选材上呈现出高度的多样化,具有浓郁的人文和社会气息,所选的题材和体裁多样,内容有较强的时代感,同时具有一定的知识性、趣味性和思想性,充分体现了语言灵活应用的要求;阅读量与去年基本持平,在考查学生对语言的驾驭能力、细节和推断上有所加强,也突出考查了通过语言信息解决实际问题的能力;较好地体现了阅读在高中英语阶段中所占据的重要地位。

A

阅读理解A篇的体裁是:应用文——“剑桥科学节对好奇心的挑战”的比赛通知。21.【考点】本题考查考生细节查找的能力。【答案】A【解析】试题问的是:谁可以参加这项对好奇心挑战的赛事? 作者在文章的第一自然段第二句话中提到:“The challenge invites,even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14…(本项赛事邀请年龄在5至14岁之间的在校学生来接受挑战……)”。A选项“school students”与条件相符,为正确答案。

22.【考点】本题考查考生的细节查找能力。【答案】C【解析】试题问的是:何时举行颁奖仪式?作者在文章的第三自然段第一句中特意提到:“students who enter the curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during

the CSF on Sunday,April 21st(4月21日周日,在举办剑桥科学节期间,在特别的仪式上将给获胜的参赛学生颁奖)”。C选项与此意相符,为正确答案。

23.【考点】本题考查考生判断文章文体风格的能力。【答案】C【解析】试题问的是:此篇文章属于什么体裁? 本文一开头就提到“The Cambridge Science Festival(CSF)is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge(剑桥科学节 (CSF)很高兴通知您参加第六届好奇心的挑战)”,接着介绍了比赛形式、内容,说明了比赛时间和参赛范围,不难看出这是一篇赛事通知。C选项与此意相符,为正确答案。

B

阅读理解B篇的体裁是说明文——介绍了一种曾一度遍布美洲大陆的野生鸟类——旅鸽,并论述了其繁盛的历史及消亡的原因。

24.【考点】本题考查考生的细节查找与分析的能力。【答案】D【解析】试题问的是十八至十九世纪初旅鸽在美国的状况。作者在文章的一、二两段中描绘了那时这种野鸽子在美国数量庞大的盛况,有文字记载,当这种鸽子黑压压地在天空出现时有时可以连续遮天蔽日数小时。“It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point,there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States,making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world”,最多时曾达30多亿只,几乎占到全美鸟类总数的40%,不难看出,旅鸽无疑是当时美国数量最大的鸟类种群。D选项与此意相符,为正确答案。

25.【考点】本题考查考生的词义猜测能力。【答案】B【解析】试题问的是:划线的单词“undoing”是什么意思? 作者在文章第三自然段开头首先用“sadly”对单词“undoing”的含义加以暗示,接着又在后面的句子中解释道:“where the birds were most abundant,people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands.(在那些盛产鸟儿的地方,人们会将其看成永不会枯竭的财源而成千上万地猎杀它们)”,由此可见这里“undoing”有“毁灭、杀戮”的意思。选项B与此义相近,为正确答案。

26.【考点】本题考查考生根据上下文分析归纳原因能力。【答案】C【解析】试题问的是人们屠杀旅鸽的目的。作者在文章第三自然段列举了职业猎手捕杀旅鸽的各种方式后指出:“The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants(鸟儿被运到大城市,在餐厅出售)”,不难看出这种杀戮背后的真正目的是为了赚钱。C选项与此意相符,为正确答案。

27.【考点】本题考查考生的推理判断能力。【答案】B【解析】试题问的是:对于密歇根州所通过的法律我们可以作何推理?在文章最后一段作者提到在1897年,美国密歇根州曾通过法律禁止猎杀旅鸽,“…but by then,no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years(但到那时,人们已经有10年见不到成群旅鸽在该州出现了)”,由此可以看出,该项法律的推出有些过晚,对保护这种动物已经没有多大实际意义了。选项B与其义相近,为正确答案。

C

阅读理解C篇的体裁是:议论文——以驯兽师训狮为例,说明当一个人面临多项选择时,择其要者果断决定,才是最正确的。

28.【考点】本题考查考生的分析判断原因的能力。【答案】B【解析】试题问的是驯兽师在训狮时使用椅子的原因。在文章第一自然段作者写到:“When a lion tamer ho1ds a chair in front of the lion’s face,the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time.With its focus divided,the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next.When faced with so many options,the 1ion chooses to freeze

and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair(当一个驯狮者在狮子面前手持一把椅子时,狮子试图在同一时间将精力专注于椅子所有的四条腿上。注意力的分散使狮子变得困惑,而无法确定下一步要做什么。当面对很多选择时,狮子只好保持不动并等待,而不是攻击手拿椅子的驯兽师本人)”,可以看出驯兽师手拿椅子的真正目的是迷惑狮子,使其分散注意力,B选项与其意相近,为正确答案。

29.【考点】本题考查考生的推理判断能力。【答案】A【解析】试题问的是:在何种情况下人会有与狮子面对驯兽师手拿椅子相类似的境遇?作者在文章的第二自然段提出了类似的问题并设计了可能的情况:“you have something you want to achieve (e.g 1ose weight,start a business, travel more)—only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you(你有一些你想要实现的目标——例如:减轻体重、开办企业、外出旅游——但却因你面前有那么多项选择而困惑不已并最终止步不前)”,由此可以看出,当面临生活中多项选择时,人们会有与面对手拿椅子的驯兽师而感到无所适从的狮子相同的感觉。A选项与此相符,为正确答案。

30.【考点】本题考查考生分析判断作者的观点态度的能力。【答案】B【解析】试题问的是作者对第三段所提到的专家们持有何种态度。作者在第三段提到一些专家们在提供专业指导意见时,往往各持己见、喋喋不休、辩论不已,提供许多相互矛盾的信息,“This upsets me to no end(这令我困惑不解,望而却步)”,这说明作者在这个问题上对专家们持有怀疑、不信任的态度,B选项与此义相吻合,为正确答案。

31.【考点】本题考查考生归纳并得出结论的能力。【答案】C【解析】试题问的是:当你面对一个“在你面前晃动椅子”的世界时应该怎么做?作者在文章最后一段提出了类似的问题并给出了直接的回答:“All you need to do is focus on one thing.You just need to get started.…take immediate action.(所有您需要做的就是专注于一件事。你只需要开始,……立即采取行动)”,C选项“make a quick decision”与此相符,为正确答案。

D

阅读理解D篇的题材是:社科类记叙文——介绍了一位科学家Mark Turin,他致力于记录、收集、整理一些在南亚即将消失的古老语言,是他的工作使这些濒危的语言作为人类宝贵的文化遗产得以保护并留存下来。

32.【考点】本题考查考生的细节分析能力。【答案】B【解析】试题询问文章中提到的许多学者当前正在致力于什么工作。作者在文章的第二段提到:“In an effort to prevent language 1oss,scholars from a number of organizations…have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect(为了防止语言消失,来自多个组织的学者们多年来一直在记录那些濒危语言及它们所反映的文化)”,这样做显然是为了拯救和保护这些即将消失的语言,B选项与此义相近,是正确答案。

33.【考点】本题考查考生猜测词义的能力。【答案】A【解析】作者在文章的第二段提到来自联合国教科文组织和国家地理杂志等多个团体的众多学者们多年来一直从事着记录和整理那些濒危语言的工作,接着作者在第三段指出Mark Turin——一位来自耶鲁大学麦克米伦中心的专攻喜马拉雅山地语言和口传文学的科学家也遵循这一传统并开始了相关工作,显然这里的“传统(tradition)”就是指记录和整理那些濒危语言的工作,故A选项为正确答案。

34.【考点】本题考查考生推理判断的能力。【答案】D【解析】试题问的是的Turin著作的创作基础是什么? 作者在文章第三段结尾处写到:“His recently published book,grows out of his experience living,working,and raising a family in a village in Nepal(他的最新出版的书……源于他的生活、工作和在尼泊尔的一个村庄里抚养一个家庭的经历)。”

D选项与此义相近,为正确答案。

35.【考点】本题考查考生总结归纳的能力。【答案】D【解析】试题问的是:下面哪句话能最好地概括Turin的工作? 通读全篇,特别是最后一段,我们会发现Turin的工作不仅收集(collect)和保护(protect)那些濒危的语言,还通过他所创办的两个组织“the Digital Himalaya Project and the world Oral Literature Project”使这些语言与其发源地曾使用这些语言的社团阶层的青年一代重新建立联系(reconnect),D选项与此义相近,为正确答案。

第二节

本文是一篇如何培养有利于孩子未来发展的相关技能的七选五文章。解此题需要学生能正确理解上下文,并具备归纳和概括段落信息的能力。

36.【答案】F【解析】对此题的选择可参照上文,根据空前一句:“The jobs of the future have not yet been invented(未来的工作还没有被设计好)”,则F选项:“So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist?(那么,我们怎样才能帮助孩子们为那些还不存在的工作做准备呢?)”成为顺理成章的选择,其他选项均与上下文不符。37.【答案】A【解析】根据下文:Ask kids,“What ingredients can we add to make these pancakes even better next time?(问一下孩子:下次我们可以添加什么成分才能使这些煎饼更好吃?)”可知选项应与“cook”有关,A选项符合要求,为正确选项。

38.【答案】C【解析】根据下文:“Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity(用各种材料做试验创造出新的东西可以帮助他们发展他们的创造力)”可知答案应与激发孩子对各种材料的新用途的想象力有关,C选项符合要求,为正确选项。

39.【答案】D【解析】由于该空后紧接的是几个疑问句,可知选项应与提问(ask questions)有关,D选项符合要求,为正确选项。

40.【答案】G【解析】该空所在段的段落主题是如何选择正确的自我表达方式,G选项:“Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill(能够以一种有意义的方式表达自己的观点是一项宝贵的技能)”与该段主题相符,为正确选项。

第三部分英语知识运用

第一节完形填空

今年全国卷完形填空与去年文体风格相近,一改前几年的高考完形填空均属夹叙夹议,小故事,大道理型的文章,变为一篇介绍人的兴趣和关注度会随着时间推移而变化的说明文。试题覆盖面广,但以实词的考查为主,其中名词题9道,动词4道,形容词4道,副词3道。今年完形填空的题项设计更科学,更强调语篇分析和理解的连贯性。材料中没有较多生词障碍,总体上难度与去年持平。

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。第一句是论点:通常来说,各种形式的活动如果按常规去做都会导致厌倦。然后从孩子,到学生,再到成年人,每个阶段都举例说明。读完文章之后,你会感觉确实如此。因为写的是每个人身上可能发生的事,所以用常识判断的地方较多,所举的例子结构差不多,都是从喜欢到厌倦,抓住这个宗旨,文章还是比较简单的。41.【考点】本题考查语篇理解中的“前位照应”。【答案】B【解析】作者在文章的开头的第一句话告诉我们:“As a general rule,all forms of activity 1ead to boredom when they are performed on a routine basis(作为一般规律,无论何种形式的活动一旦作为常规反复出现都会导致无聊)”。接着作者用41空指这一规律在日常工作中也会出现,四个选项中与上文“rule”相近的词只有“principle(原则,法则)”,故本题正确答案应选B。42.【考点】本题考查语篇理解中的“综合照应”。【答案】D【解析】通读全篇会发现本文列

举了从孩子到老人等各种不同年龄段(all ages)的人们兴趣改变的实例,D符合文意要求,为正确答案。

43.【考点】本题考查语篇理解中的“常识推断”。【答案】C【解析】依据西方习俗,圣诞节的早晨孩子们都会收到父母藏在袜子里的礼物,立刻动手玩耍这些新玩具(play with the new toys)是很自然的事情,C选项符合上下文语境,为正确答案。

44.【考点】本题考查语篇理解中的“措辞界定”。【答案】B【解析】本文主题谈的是兴趣的变化,且下文的“wear off(磨损;逐渐消逝)”也常与“interest”搭配,因此B选项放在这里符合上下文要求,为正确答案。

45.【考点】本题考查考生“措辞界定”。【答案】A【解析】设空所在句的句意为:“但是他们对新的圣诞节玩具的兴趣很快会消退,仅到一月份你就会发现这些玩具已经被存放在地下室里了。”A选项“same”强调“同样的、同一的”,与上下文语义相符,为正确答案。46.【考点】本题考查语篇理解中词汇的“近义照应”。【答案】C【解析】设空前一句的句意为:“这个世界充满了未装满的邮票专辑和未完成的模型。”英语中经常使用“and”将两个意义接近的词并列连在一起“half-filled(未填满的)”和“unfinished(未完成的)”意义相近,且符合上下文,故C选项为正确答案。

47.【考点】本题考查语篇理解中的“措辞界定”。【答案】B【解析】设空所在句的意思是:“那些(未完成的东西)摆在那里似乎只是对人们一时兴起的某项工作或作品的纪念物。”四个选项中只有“passing(一时的、短暂的)”与下文语义相符,敌B选项为正确答案。48.【考点】本题考查语篇理解中的“常识推断”。【答案】D【解析】设空所在句的意思是:“当父母给孩子们领回家一只小宠物时,孩子总是高兴地给它洗澡,刷它的毛”。四个选项中,只有D选项“gladly”可以表示“高兴地,兴奋地”,与上下文语义相符,为正确答案。49.【考点】本题考查语篇理解中的“逻辑推断”和“综合照应”。【答案】B【解析】设空所在句的句意为:“然而,在很短的时间内,照顾动物的负担就转交给父母了”。在孩子的眼里,失去兴趣的工作自然就是一种“burden(负担)”,B选项与上下文语义相符,为正确答案。50.【考点】本题考查语篇理解中的“常识推断”。【答案】D【解析】设空所在句的句意为:“青少年进入高中总是很兴奋,”D选项“excitement(激动、兴奋)”符合生活常识,放在这里最合适。

51.【考点】本题考查语篇理解中的“逻辑推断”和“综合照应”。【答案】A【解析】作者在上下文所举的几个实例中,都说明随着时间的推移兴趣会发生改变,学生初上高中的新鲜感过去后,自然会对日复一日的学习生活感到枯燥,因而盼望着早日毕业,A选项“graduation(毕业)”与上下文语义相符,为正确答案。

52.【考点】本题考查语篇理解中的“常识推断”和“综合照应”。【答案】C【解析】52至54题是一句话,解题需要整体理解,整句的句意为:“有多少成年人,当他们刚获得驾照时,曾那么急切地要开上车一连几个小时不停地兜风,现在却在为每日要开很长时间的车上下班而抱怨不已。”由于作者分别以不同年龄段来举例,能开车的应该是成年人,所以正确答案应该是C选项“adults”。

53.【考点】本题考查对上下文的综合理解和“常识推断”。【答案】B【解析】本句译文可参见上一题,B选项“eagerly(急切地;渴望地)”最符合上下文句意,为正确选项。54.【考点】本题考查语篇理解中的“综合照应”。【答案】B【解析】译文同样见52题。参照对上一题的分析,本题正确选项应为B。“obtain their driver’s licenses”是“获取驾照”的意思。

55.【考点】本题考查语篇理解中的“下文照应”。【答案】C【解析】设空所在句的句意为:“人们退休之前,通常会筹划做很多事情。”根据下文我们知道这些事情都是他们在工作时

没时间完成的事情,因此他们在未退休时只能去设想并计划(plan)它。因此正确答案是C 项。

56.【考点】本题考查语篇理解中的“措辞界定”。【答案】A【解析】因工作太忙而无暇顾及的事情不会是小事情,故此题A选项“great”最符合题意,为正确选项。

57.【考点】本题考查语篇理解中的“常识推断”和“综合照应”。【答案】A【解析】根据上下文和常识我们知道,这些事情人们做不了,是因为工作太忙抽不出时间来,而并非因为没有“money(金钱)”、“ski11(技术)”或“knowledge(知识)”,故此题A选项“time”最符合题意,为正确选项。

58.【考点】本题考查语篇理解中的“上文照应”。【答案】D【解析】设空所在句的句意为:“但退休后不久,打高尔夫,钓鱼,阅读和所有其他的消遣都变得与他们所离开的工作一样的无聊”。参照对前几例的分析,这里提供的四个选项只有D选项“soon”可以表示“很快、不久”,符合上下文,放在这里最为合理。

59.【考点】本题考查语篇理解中的“常识推断”。【答案】D【解析】根据常识我们知道人退休后会离开工作岗位,所以空白处填D选项“left”最为合适。

60.【考点】本题考查语篇理解中的“综合照应”。【答案】B【解析】作者在文章结尾总结说:“所以,他们都会像那些刚过圣诞节一个月之后的孩子们一样,又去寻找新的玩具去了”。作者用这个生动的比喻来形容人们兴趣的转变之快,符合此意的答案应该是B选项“toy”。第二节

61.was 62.actually 63.the 64.or 65.to reduce66.cleaner 67.That/which 68.amazing 69.changes 70.patient

第四部分写作

第一节短文改错

71.【答案】第一句中的before→ago【解析】同义词误用。before一般用在一段时间之前,例如before two weeks;ago一般用在一段时间之后,例如two weeks ago。

72.【答案】第一句中的by→of【解析】介词错误。with the help of是固定搭配,意思是“在……的帮助下”。

73.【答案】第二句中的year→years【解析】名词单复数错误。these后用名词复数。74.【答案】第二句中的had→have【解析】时态错误。根据时间状语since then,句子用现在完成时。

75.【答案】第三句中的As后加a【解析】考查固定搭配。as a result是固定短语,意思是:结果。

【答案】第三句中的somewhere→everywhere【解析】近义词误用。somewhere和everywhere 76.

都是表地点的副词,前者是“某处”,后者是“到处”,从句义来看,因为他们没有收集种子第二年重新种植,而是让种子落在哪长在哪,所以长得到处都是。

77.【答案】第四句中的taste→tasty【解析】词性错误。本句应该是small,juicy and tasty 并列做表语。and前后词性要一致。

78.【答案】第五句中的much→many【解析】近义词误用。many修饰可数名词,much修饰不可数名词,作代词时也是这样的。此处指的是fruits。

79.【答案】第六句中的but去掉或改为yet【解析】连词错误。although不与but连用,但可以和yet连用。

80.【答案】第七句中的wonderfully→wonderful【解析】形容词副词误用。通常形容词做定语,副词作状语。此处用wonderful修饰tomatoes,作定语。句意为:我们不花钱种了这么好的圣女果。

第二节: 书面表达

【写作指导】本篇书面表达属于应用文和看图说话作文,要求结合图片内容写一封信,注意这幅图是一个广告。写作时需要注意如下几点:(1)人称:第一人称;时态:现在范畴和将来范畴;(2)要点:①参加为期6周的英语班②咨询具体事宜,如课程开始的时间,每班人数,学费,住宿等情况③合适的结尾,同时注意格式;(3)词数:100左右。

0ne possible version:

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am a student in China and I plan to go to Britain to attend a summer school during the vacation.I’ve seen your ad,and I’d like to know something more about your six-week English course.First,when will the course start and how many class hours are there per week? Besides,I wish there would not be too many students in a class.I’d also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation is included.Would there be host family or university dormitory?

I am 1ooking forward to your early reply.

Yours faithfully, Li Hua

2015年高考英语全国卷阅读解析

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2014年高考新课标1全国卷英语试题及答案

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2014年高考英语试题及答案全国卷2

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During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport. He reported the case to the police and then sat there,lost and lonely in strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one. Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husband’s name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶)that had been left out on the footpath. My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them

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