外文翻译--商品混凝土质量控制
中文1515字
本科毕业论文外文资料翻译
系别：管理科学与工程系
专业：工程管理 ________
2015 年18
外文资料翻译译文
商品混凝土质量控制
-- 《商品混凝土质量控制》吕克?贝松
商品混凝土从生产、施工、养护、硬化是一系列的过程，要获得优质的商品混凝土，必须在这个过程中贯彻全面的质量管理( P、D、C、A 循环)。P(PLAN计划即配置优质的商品混凝土的措施；D (DO即按照计划进行实施；C (CHECK即对生产的混凝土进行检查是否满足质量要求；A( ACTION即对检
查结论进行处理，并把经验总结用于实际生产中。甚至从原材料的优选、配合比设计、出厂质量控制、施工、养护硬化都应该贯彻全面的质量管理质量管理是确保所有的项目活动设计的必要过程，计划和执行项目的有效和高效的目的和其性能的目的。
1 商品混凝土的定义
商品混凝土是指以集中搅拌、远距离运输的方式向建筑工地供应一定要求的混凝土。它包括混合物搅拌、运输、泵送和浇筑等工艺过程。严格地讲商品混凝土是指混凝土的工艺和产品，而不是混凝土的品种，它应包括大流动性混凝土、流态混凝土、泵送混凝土、高强混凝土、大体积混凝土、防渗抗裂混凝土或高性能混凝土等。
因此，商品混凝土是现代混凝土与现代化施工工艺的结合，它的普及程度能代表一个国家或地区的混凝土施工水平和现代化程度。
2 商品混凝土的特点
商品混凝土的产生和出现是建筑材料，特别是混凝土发展史上的一次“革命”, 是混凝土工业走向现代化和科学化的标志。与传统混凝土比较，商品混凝土具有独特的优势：
(1)生产过程严格执行国家和行业标准，所用原材料相对稳定，
(2)能节省工程量，扩大建筑物的有效使用空间。
(3)能大大缩短建设工期，提高建设速度。施工单位使用商品混凝土，施工速度加快，减少设备、架管模板等周转租赁费用；业主单位可缩短建设周期，降低投资风险。
( 4)泵送施工，可进行高层、一定距离范围内作业，提高效率，减轻劳动强度，降低施工管理费用、技术难度和质量风险；而且使大体积混凝土实施
连续、无缝施工成为可能
(5)保护和改善环境。使用商品混凝土能节省施工用地，减少资源浪费
(6)减少建筑地盘材料堆放的占地面积，避免交通堵塞。避免“建好一幢楼，损坏一条路”的现状，使施工环境保持整洁，实现文明施工。
3质量控制工具
有一对很好的工具，可以用来控制一个项目的质量，这些都是原因和效果图，
因果图，又称为鱼骨图或石川图(命名为石川，日本的质量控制人员，谁开发的概念在20世纪60年代，被认为是质量管理的七个基本工具)为鱼骨图，
因为他们的鱼一样的外观，它是一种分析工具提供的看着的影响及其产生的原
因，有助于创造或影响一个系统的方法。石川图采用问题解决团队作为一种工
具，组装所有输入(为他们解决这个问题的原因是什么)系统和图形，与输入
通常来自一个头脑风暴会议。它使团队的重点为何出现问题，而不是对问题的
历史或症状，或其他主题，离开会议的意图。它也显示了一个实时的“快照”
的团队的集体输入更新是。可能的原因是在连支不同的详细程度，与细节作为
分支向外，即水平不断提高，外支是它是连接到内部分支的原因。因此，最外
层的树枝通常表明问题的根源。
因果图
4商品混凝土质量控制措施
混凝土的质量由原材料、生产设备、有关人员三个因素构成，也就是所谓的硬件和软件。对原材料严格把关、选择优质经济的原材料，通过先进的生产
工艺进行生产，人员具有良好的素质，认真负责地贯彻相关标准，准确无误地
完成各个工序，是获得优质的商品混凝土的保证。原材料包括水泥、粗细骨料、
外加剂、掺和料、是优良混凝土的物质基础，然后按照合理的配合比，在生产
过程中根据原材料、天气情况、施工情况等进行配合比调整，对出厂的混凝土进行取样、检验、成型养护，并把检验结果反馈到生产控制中；对于出厂的混凝土进行跟踪控制，要求施工方及时地反馈混凝土质量情况，以便进行生产控制；同时要求施工方对浇注的混凝土进行合理的养护，以便获得优质的混凝土。
外文原文
Quality control of commercial concrete
--- 《 Quality control of commercial
concrete》
Luc Besson
Commercial concrete from production, construction,, maintenance, hardening process is a series, to obtain high-quality concrete, must implement a comprehensive quality management(P, D, C in the process, A cycle). P (plan) program that measures the quality of ready-mixed concrete configuration; D (DO) that is implemented according to plan; C (CHECK) that checksfor the production of concrete meetsthe quality requirements; A (ACTION) that the conclusions of the inspection processing and the lessons learned for the actual production. Even from the preferred raw materials, mix design, factory quality control, construction, maintenance sclerosis should implement a comprehensivequality management.
1 Definition of Commercial concrete
Commercial concrete is to point to by the concentrated stirring, long-distance transportation way to supply certain requirements of concrete construction site. It includes mixture mixing, transportation, pumping and pouring process. Strictly commercial concreterefers to the process and concreteproducts, rather than concrete variety, it should include a large liquidity concrete, flow concrete, pumping concrete, high strength concrete, mass concrete, anti-seepage anti-crack concrete and high performanceconcrete.
Therefore, commercial concrete is a combination of modern concrete and modern construction technology，its popularity can represent a country or a region of concreteconstruction level and modernization degree.
2 The characteristics of the commercial concrete
The generation of commercial concrete and building materials, in particular, a "revolution" in the history of the development of concrete, is a sign of concrete industry
towards modernization and scientific. Compared with the traditional concrete, concreteproducts with unique advantages:
(1) the production processstrictly implement national and industry standards, raw materialsused arerelatively stable,
(2) can savequantity, enlarge theeffective use ofbuilding space.
(3) can greatly shorte n the con structi on period, improve the con struct ion speed. The use of commercial con crete co nstructio n un it, con struct ion speed, reduce the turno ver ren tal expe nsessuch as equipme nt, pipe rack template; Owners can shorte n the construction period, reduce theinvestmentrisk.
(4) pumping construction, high-rise, distanee can be within the scope of operation, improve efficiency, reduce labor intensity, the lower the quality of con struct ion man ageme nt fees, tech ni cal difficulty and risk; And makes mass concreteimplement continuousandseamlessconstruction possible.
(5) the protection and improvement of the environment. Use of commercial concretecan saveland for construction,reducethe waste of resources.
(6) to reduceconstruction site materials piled up in the area,to avoid traffic jams. Avoid "built a build ing, the damage is a way" of the status quo, keep the con structi on environmentclean andtidy, civilized construction.
3 Quality Control Tools
There are a couple of good tools that can be used to control quality on a project, theseare cause andeffect diagrams,Paretocharts andcontrol charts:
Cause and Effect Diagram, also known as fishbone diagrams or Ishikawa diagrams (named after Kaoru Ishikawa, a Japanesequality control statistician, who developedthe con cept i n the 1960s, and is con sideredo ne of the seve n basic tools of quality management) It is named fishbone diagram because of their fish-like appearancejt is an analysis tool that provides a systematicway of looking at effects and the causesthat create or con tribute to those effects. The Ishikawa Diagram is employed by a problem-solvi ng team as a tool for assembli ngall in puts (as to what are the causesof the problem they're addressi ng)systematically and graphically, with the in puts usually coming from a brain storm ing sessi on .It en ablesthe team to focus on why the problem occurs, and not on the history or symptoms of the problem, or other topics that digress from the intent of the session.lt also displays a real-time 'sn ap-shot' of the collective in puts of the team as it is updated. The possible causes are presentedat various levels of detail in connectedbranches,with the level of detail increasing as the branch goes outward, i.e., an outer branch is a cause of the inner branch it is attached to. Thus, the outermost bran ches usually in dicate the root causes of the problem.
Cause and effect diagram
4 Commercial con crete quality con trol measures
Concrete consists of raw materials, production equipment, the quality of the three factors constitute the people concerned, known as hardware and software. Strictly control for raw materials, choose high quality raw materials of economy, through the use of adva need product ion tech no logy for product ion, pers onnel with good quality, serious and responsible to implement the standards, each working procedure to complete correctly, is a high quality of commodity concrete. Raw materials including cement, aggregate, admixture, admixture degree good, is the material basis of concrete, and then according to the reasonablemixing ratio, in the process of production according to the raw materials, weather conditions, the con struct ion situati on of mixture ratio adjustme nt, the con crete of the factory sampling, inspection, maintenance, and feedback the inspection results to the product ion con trol; Con structio n of the requireme nt for the factory con crete track con trol, timely feedback of quality of con crete cases, for product ion con trol; Con struct ion of the requireme nt and reas on ablema intenan ceof pouri ng con crete, in order to obtain high quality concrete.
统计过程控制和全面质量管理【外文翻译】
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外文文献原文+译文 原文 The study on the design of neuter clothing H ous e W Abstract Social and economic development, social thought, opening up and the progress of science and technology, men and women style presented the diversified pattern of neuter the fuzzy gender differences in style, from the beginning of non-mainstream des ign till n ow has develop ed i nt o on e of the mains t ream fas hi on d es ign style. Fashion brands have launched in recent years, the neutral flavor of fashion, neuter clothing market share of more and more, neutral fashion, with its broad group of sex leads the urban street fashion. Neutralization of free and open way of life style, gave people a comfortable and enjoyable. K ey words: Neut e r; Cl ot hing; Gender roles; Design 1 Introduction The beginning of the 20th century the rise of the feminist movement, make the neutral clothing as a kind of style into the line of sight of people. In the 90 s, the neutral clothing has used by each big brand clothing as one of the fashionable e lement s, s uc h a s dust coa t w i th a ne ut ral style, s ui ts, t-shirt s and j e ans have bec om e people like everyday clothes. Neuter clothing style is a simple, pure; reject all multifarious mincing, personalized style. As a special kind of clothing style, neuter clothing fashion has been intensified in the social life, so it is necessary for us to study the clothing neutralization phenomenon, to study its causes and the development of sociology. This article mainly from the sociological association as well as the relationship between men and women clothing and gender status in the society, which is based on analyzing the change of the study the social basis of the neutral clothing appear; Again from the social system, economic development, cultural trend and fashion designers to the influence of the neutral clothing style, etc., it is concluded that the neuter clothing phenomenon is the development of social consciousness, the sexual role transformation, the new clothing design trends are affecting the results.
酒店服务质量管理外文文献翻译
文献出处：Borkar S, Koranne S. Study of Service Quality Management in Hotel Industry [J]. Pacific Business Review International, 2014, 6(9): 21-25. 原文 Study of Service Quality Management in Hotel Industry Borkar; Sameer Abstract It is an attempt to understand the role of quality improvement process in hospitality industry and effectiveness in making it sustainable business enterprise. It is a survey of the presently adopted quality management tools which are making the hotels operations better focused and reliable and meet the customer expectations. Descriptive research design is used to know the parameters of service quality management in hospitality industry. Exploratory research design is undertaken to dig out the service quality management practices and its effectiveness. Data analysis is done and presented; hypothesis is tested against the collected data. Since the industry continuously tries to improve upon their services to meet the levels of customer satisfaction; Study presents tools for continuous improvement process and how it benefits all the stake holders. It can be inferred from the study that the hotel implement continuous improvement process and quality management tools to remain competitive in the market. The study involves hotels of highly competitive market with limited number of respondents. This limits the study to hotel industry and has scope of including other hospitality service providers as well. Keywords:Customer Satisfaction, Perception, Performance Measurement, Continuous, Improvement Process. Introduction It has brought paradigm shifts in the operations of hospitality industry. The overall perspective of the industry is changed due to introduction of new techniques
外文翻译--如何监测内部控制
附录A
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管理 审计 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 内部控制爆X炸
外文出处：Maijoor S. The Internal Control Explosion[J]. International Journal of Auditing, 2000, 4(1):101–109. 内部控制爆炸① 摘要：Power的1997版书以审计社会为主题的探讨使得审计活动在联合王国（英国）和北美得到扩散。由审计爆炸一同带动的是内部控制制度的兴起。审计已经从审计结果转向审计制度和内部控制，它已内部控制爆炸然成为公众对公司治理和审计监管政策的辩论主题。Power表示对什么是有效的内部控制各方说法不一。本人对内部控制研究方面有一个合理的解释。内部控制对非常不同概念的各个领域的会计进行探究，并研究如何控制不同水平的组织。因此，内部控制研究的各类之间的交叉影响是有限的，而且，许多内部会计控制是研究是再更宽广的公司治理问题的背景下进行的。所以，许多有关内部控制制度对公司治理的价值观点扔需要进行研究。 关键词：机构理论；公司治理；外部审计；内部审计；内部控制制度；管理控制 1 概述 Power的1997版书以审计社会为主题的探讨使得审计活动在联合王国（英国）和北美得到扩散。由审计爆炸一同带动的是内部控制制度的兴起。审计已经从审计结果转向审计制度和内部控制，它已然成为公众对公司治理和审计监管政策的辩论主题。例如，在最近的对于欧洲联盟内外部审计服务的内部市场形成的辩论中，监管建议建立关于内部控制和内部审计制度。虽然对有关内部控制的价值期望高，但Power表示对什么是有效的内部控制各方说法不一。本人对内部控制研究方面有一个合理的解释。内部控制是对非常不同概念的各个领域的会计进行探究，并研究如何控制不同水平的组织。因此，内部控制研究的各类之间的交叉影响是有限的，而且，许多内部会计控制是研究是再更宽广的公司治理问题的背景下进行的。所以，许多有关内部控制制度对公司治理的价值观点扔需要进行研究。 在审计和公司治理的公共政策辩论中，内部控制的概念越来越得到重视。公共越来①Maastricht Accounting and Auditing Research and Education Center (MARC), Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Universiteit Maastricht, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands s.maijoor@marc.unimaas.nl Fax: 31-43-3884876 Tel: 31-43-3883783
中小企业内部控制_外文参考文献
中小企业内部控制_外文参考文献 安徽工业大学毕业设计外文翻译 Private Enterprises of the intenal control issues Pulin Chang Economic Review. 2008, (5) Third, the promotion of private SMEs in the internal control system strategy (A) change management and business owners the concept of development. The majority of private small and medium enterprises in the family business, the success of these enterprises depends largely on internal control or entrepreneur leadership attention and level of implementation. Over the years, by traditional Chinese culture, business owners believe in Sincerity, fraternal loyalty permeate many aspects of enterprise management, strengthen internal controls that will affect the organization the members of distrust, resulting in internal control. Many private business owners that rely on business to do business benefits out of, rather than out of the internal financial management control; that the market is the most important internal control will be bound himself and staff development. Understanding of the bias, so that these leaders neglected the internal control system on the production and operation activities. Internal control can really become the leader of the internal needs of enterprise internal control system is the key to whether a mere formality. The internal control to make the internal needs of the enterprise depends largely on two points: First, determine
服装设计褶皱拼缝外文文献
Vol. 3 (3), April, 2009 ISSN 1994-9057 (Print) ISSN 2070-0083 (Online) Effect of Seams on Drape of Fabrics (Pp. 62-72) Sukumar Nachiappan- Lecturer, Textile Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Email: sugumaraan@https://www.360docs.net/doc/4b13038731.html, Gnanavel. P. - Lecturer, KSR College of Technology, Tiruchengode–637 215, TamilNadu, India Ananthakrishnan, T.- Professor and Head, Department of Textile Technology, Government Sri Krishna Rajendra silver jubilee Technical Institute, Bangalore – 560 001, India Abstract Drape of the fabric is its ability to hang freely in graceful folds when some area of it is supported over a surface and the rest is unsupported. Drape is a unique property that allows a fabric to be bent in more than in one direction, When two-dimensional fabric are converted to three-dimensional garment form. In the present study, the effects of sewing of different seam were selected on different fabric and their behaviors were studied. In this study drape of ten fabrics are analyzed with three types of seams and three stitch densities. Sample without seam is a control sample and drape of seamed samples are compared with control sample to analyse the drape behavior of seamed fabrics. This paper presents a fundamental drape analysis of seamed fabrics using drape meter. Drape behavior is determined in terms of drape coefficient. The effect of seams on the drape coefficient and Drape profile has been made. Drape coefficients significantly differs between the fabrics and also between the seam stitch density combinations. Investigating drape on seamed fabrics can improve fabric end use application.
质量控制和安全施工外文翻译讲课讲稿
质量控制和安全施工 外文翻译
本文献来源于： [1] 董祥. 土木工程英语. 2010（9）：145-151 质量控制和安全施工 1在施工中存在的质量和安全问题 质量控制和安全问题对项目经理来说变得越来越重要。施工过程中的设备缺陷或故障可能会导致非常大的成本。即使有轻微缺陷, 也可能需要重新建设使设施运营受损。导致成本的增加和延误结果。在最坏的情况下，故障可能导致人身伤害甚至死亡。在施工过程中的事故可能导致人身伤害和巨大的花费。保险，检验和监管的间接成本迅速增加，会导致直接成本的增加。好的项目经理应尽量确保在第一时间完成任务，并且在工程中没有重大事故发生。 随着成本的控制，关于已完成设施的质量的最重要的决策是在设计和规划阶段，而不是在施工阶段。正是在该组件的配置，材料规格和功能性能这些初步阶段而决定的。施工过程中的质量控制主要是确保其是否符合原先的设计和规划决策。 虽然符合现有的设计决策是质量控制的首要重点，但也有例外的情况。第一，不可预见的情况下，错误的设计决策或希望通过在设备功能的所有者权益变动，可能在施工过程中要求对设计决策进行重新评估。虽然这些变化可能是出于关心质量，但他们意味着随之而来的所有目标和限制因素都要进行重新设计。至于第二种情况，一些明智且适当的设计决策就是取决于施工过程本身，例如，一些隧道要求在不同的位置作出一定数量支护的方法，就是根据土壤条件，观察在隧道里面的过程而做出的决策。由于这样的决定是基于有关工地的实际情况，因此该设施的设计可能会更符合成本效益的结果。任何特殊的情况下，重新设计的施工过程中都需要考虑各种因素。 在施工过程中以讲究一致性作为质量的衡量标准，质量要求的设计和合同文件中的说明将变得极为重要。质量要求应该是明确的、可验证的，能使项目中的各方都能够理解的一致性要求。本章的大部分讨论均涉及到发展和建设的不同质量要求，以及确保符合性的相关问题。 建设项目中的安全性也在很大程度上影响到规划设计过程中的决策。一些设计或施工计划本身就是又危险又很难实现的，而其他类似的计划，则可以大大降低事故发生的可能性。例如，从施工区域内修复巷道使得交通分道行驶可以大大降低意
服装设计与高科技外文翻译文献
文献信息： 文献标题：Evolution of Fashion Design in the Era of High-Tech Culture （高科技文化时代服装设计的演变） 国外作者：Galina Mihaleva，C.Koh 文献出处：《International Scholarly and Scientific Research and Innovation》,2016,10(7):2447-2451 字数统计：英文2079单词，11462字符；中文3549汉字 外文文献： Evolution of Fashion Design in the Era of High-Tech Culture Abstract Fashion, like many other design fields, undergoes numerous evolutions throughout the ages. This paper aims to recognize and evaluate the significance of advance technology in fashion design and examine how it changes the role of modern fashion designers by modifying the creation process. It also touches on how modern culture is involved in such developments and how it affects fashion design in terms of conceptualizing and fabrication. By comparing case studies, existing fashion design examples and crafting method experimentations; we then spot patterns in which to predict the direction of future developments in the field. A breakdown on the elements of technology in fashion design helps us understand the driving force behind such a trend. The results from explorations in the paper have shown that there is an observed pattern of a distinct increase in interest and progress in the field of fashion technology, which leads to the birth of hybrid crafting methods. In conclusion, it is shown that as fashion technology continues to evolve, their role in clothing crafting becomes more prominent and grows far beyond the humble sewing machine. Keywords: Fashion design, functional aesthetics, smart textiles, 3D printing. INTRODUCTION It is common knowledge that the environment we live in greatly influences the