book8unit5词汇

Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors-Language Points

Warming up

1. alternative n. 可供选择的事物；（两者或以上）可能的选择

adj. 供选择的，二选一的，另外的。常作定语

Is there a valid alternative to the present system. 现行体制有没有切实可行的制度来代替。

If payment is not received, legal action will be our only alternative.

如果我们收不到付款，起诉将是我们唯一的选择。

You have the alternative of riding or walking.你可以在骑车和步行中选择一种。

If you don’t like the school lunch, you have the alternative of bringing your own.

如果你不喜欢学校的午餐，你可以选择自己带饭。

alternative energy可替代能源

The way was blocked,so I went by an alternative road.这条路被挡住了，因此我走了另一条。

Do you have an alternative solution to the problem？你有没有别的办法来解决这个问题？

常用结构：have the alternative of doing sth 有做……..的选择；可以做……….

have no alternative but to do sth. 只能做某事；除……外别无选择

= have no choice but to do sth.=can’t do sth but do sth

=can do nothing but do sth=can’t help but do sth

We have no alternative but to go on. 除了继续下去,我们别无选择。

There was no other alternative but to fight till the victory. 除了战斗到胜利,别无选择。

3.starvation--n.饥饿; 饿死; 绝食，缺乏, 不足

die of starvation

She used to suffer from starvation but now she is starving herself to try to lose weight.(starve)

她过去常常忍饥挨饿，但是现在却节食来试图减肥。

4.tentative -- adj. 不确定的，试探性的，暂定的

a tentative smile 勉强的微笑

tentative prices 价格不固定, 暂定价

Make a tentative offer 作尝试性的出价（建议）

Come to a tentative conclusion 获得暂时的结论

proposal a tentative project 提出一个初步的计划。

He still held a tentative relationship with Marjorie Stafford.他还和麦琪利·斯达福保持着若即若离的关系。Could we make a tentative appointment for Friday? 暂时的我们能暂时先约在星期五吗?

Each step he took was slightly tentative. 他每走一步都有些迟疑不决。

Reading

1. interrupt vt.&vi. 打断(别人谈话)，打岔，插嘴；暂时中断或中止

It is rude to interrupt. 打断别人的话，是不礼貌的。

Traffic in the city was interrupted by a snowstorm. 市内交通被暴风雪所阻断。

词语辨析interrupt；disturb

（1）interrupt 突然中断、打断他人的言语或行为，使其不能继续。

（2）disturb 及物动词,一般用语，多用被动语态。指扰乱，使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序，是程度较深的打扰，以及“使焦虑，使不安、烦恼”的意思。

用interrupt, disturb

(1)Sorry to interrupt you，but can you tell me where the train station is

(2)I don’t like being disturbed while I am working in my office.

(3)His passion for computer games disturbed me.

3. acute adj. 严重的, 敏锐的, 急性的, 剧烈的

①an acute problem is very serious:

This area has an acute shortage of water. 这个地方缺水严重。

He suffers from acute depression. 他患有严重的抑郁症。

②an acute feeling is very strong:

acute pain 剧痛acute embarrassment 极其尴尬acute anxiety万分焦急

③technical an acute illness or disease quickly becomes very serious [≠chronic慢性病的]:

acute tuberculosis 急性肺结核acute arthritis 急性关节炎

④acute senses such as hearing, taste, touch etc are very good and sensitive:

Young children have a particularly acute sense of smell. 小孩子有着极其敏锐的味觉。

⑤quick to notice and understand things [= sharp]: 尖锐的;敏锐的

He is a man of acute intelligence. 他非常聪颖。

We agreed with his acute analysis of the political situation. 我们都同意他对政治形势的深刻分析。

2. assume vt. 设想，假定；主观认为

常用结构：

assume+sb/sth.+(to be)+adj. 假定/认为某人/事是……

assume+that-clause;

It is assumed that 据认为

When it got to midnight and Paul was still not back, I began to assume the worst.

到午夜时保罗还没回来，我开始往最坏的地方想了。

We assumed him to be the best writer of our time.我们认为他是我们这个时代最好的作家。

We assumed that you understood the situation. 我们认为你了解形势。

It is assumed that this is the best possible translation. 据认为这可能是最佳译文。

Assuming (that) the weather is favourable, farmers will have a bumper harvest.

假如风调雨顺，今年农民将获丰收。

Assuming (that) it to be true, what should we do now? 假定这是真的，我们现在该怎麽办？

assumption n. 假定，设想make an assumption 认为，假定on the assumption that 假定……..

The project was predicated on the assumption that the economy was expanding.

这一工程是以经济发展的设想为依据的。

A lot of people make the assumption that poverty only exists in the Third World.

许多人认为贫困仅仅存在于第三世界。

4. regardless of 不管，(=in spite of; despite 不管；尽管)

Everyone has the right to get good medical care regardless of their ability to pay.

每个人都有权得到良好的医疗保障，无论他们支付能力如何。

He continued speaking, regardless of my feelings on the matter. 不顾我对此事的感受。

People should be hired regardless of race and sex. 雇用人员应没有种族、性别的差异。

They continued to work regardless of the fact that it was raining.他们不管下雨的事实继续工作。

6. keep out 使…在外，使….留在外面，阻止...进入

Keep the strangers out. 不让陌生人进来

The trees keep out the wind. 这些树可以挡风。

keep...out of... 不让...进入某处

Keep that dog out of my study.

7. at most 至多；最多（=at the most）

It should only cost at most thirty dollars.它最多只要三十美元。

The whole process will take half an hour at the most. 整个过程顶多需要半个小时。

拓展：at (the) least 至少at (the) best 充其量；最好make the most of尽量利用，充分利用

9. cut up 切碎；使伤心

The child often cut up vegetables to feed these chickens. 这个孩子经常切蔬菜来喂这些小鸡。(切碎) He seemed very cut up by his troubles. (使丧气；使人伤心)

联想拓展：

cut off 砍掉，切掉；切断，停止；使分离，使隔绝cut off A from B

cut down 砍伐；削减

cut in 打断，插嘴

cut out 剪去；删去，略去；戒掉

10.ample adj. enough 足够的；abundant, plentiful 充足的，富裕的

There is ample reason to believe that the man is innocent. (足够的)

This leaves her ample time to prepare three meals a day.

俚语：Ample food and clothing by working with our own hands. 自己动手,丰衣足食。

11.messy adj. 肮脏的，凌乱的；麻烦的

The messy garden is in a state of neglect.这个又脏又乱的花园处于无人管理的状态

It is a major operation. It is a very messy operation.这是大手术，难度很大。

mess n. 脏乱状态，凌乱；困境，麻烦，混乱

固定搭配; in a mess 脏乱的状态；陷入困境，一团糟，混乱的

make a mess (of) 弄脏；混乱，（把事情）搞砸

The room was in a mess. 这个房间脏乱不堪。

The economy is in a mess. 经济陷入困境。

The kids made a mess in the bathroom. 孩子们把浴室搞得一团糟。

Learning about Language

1.significance n. 意义，重要性

常用搭配：the significance of…….. ┉┉的重要性，含义

be of (great) significance 有（重大）意义；（非常）重要

be of no significance 无意义；不重要

be of little significance 不太重要

(The proposals they put forward at the meeting were of little significance. 他们在会上提出的建议无足轻重。

I attach much significance to this matter. 我很重视这件事。

He did not understand the significance of my wink. 他没有领会我眨眼的意思。

拓展：significant adj. 重要的；重大的；显著的

2.somehow adv.

1) in some way/by some means that is not known or certain 以某种方式，通过某种途径

We'll get there somehow, by boat or otherwise. 我们总要设法去那里的，乘船也好，用其他办法也好

We must stop him from seeing her somehow. 不管怎么着，我们都不能让他见到她。

2) for a reason that you do not know or understand不知为什么，不知怎么地

Somehow, I always know I’d get the job,也不知为什么，我总觉得能得到那份工作。

He could have finished it on schedule, but somehow he fell behind.

他原本能按预定进度做完这件事的，但不知怎么却落后了。

Somehow, I don’t think it’ll work. 不知为什么，我总觉得那样行不通。

常用结构：somehow or other 不知是什么原因；由于某种原因；以某种方式

Somehow or other we became friends, I never knew just why it was.

不知何故我们成了朋友，我绝不知道为什么会这样。

3. (be) fed up with 厌烦，受够了，饱受

(1).I’m fed up with waiting for her.我等她都等得不耐烦了。

(2).What’s the matter? You look pretty fed up. 怎么啦？你显得那么不耐烦。

(3).We are all fed up with his laziness and carelessness. 我们都已经无法忍受他的懒惰和粗心。

Using Language

1. If only it could be just like last year!要是能跟去年那样该有多好呀！

“if only+句子”是一个固定句型，表示一种愿望，意为“要是……就好了/但愿……！”

①.if only...could/would+do...表示对将来事情的愿望（不用should）。

②.if only...did...表示对与目前或现在事实相反的愿望。

③.if only...had done...表示对与过去事实相反的愿望。

If only I knew her name. 要是我知道她的名字就好了。

If only he’d remembered to send that letter. 要是他没忘记发那封信就好了。

If only I could speak several foreign languages!

only if是由only后接if条件从句构成，only仅起强调作用，意为“只要”，位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。

Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room.

2.applaud vt. 鼓掌（欢迎），称赞，赞成

Everyone applauded when the play ended. 演出结束时，大家都热烈鼓掌。

I applaud your decision /bravery. 我赞成你的决定/我称赞他的勇敢。

重点用法：applaud sb/sth.为某人/某事鼓掌

applaud one’s decision 赞成决定

applaud sb. for sth 因某事而赞扬某人

applause n. 鼓掌欢迎，欢呼

3. look ahead (to) sth 向前看；为将来打算

(1).Have you looked ahead to what you’ ll be doing in five years’ time? 你是否想过五年后你要做些什麽?

(2).Look ahead in the distance, and you can see the lights of the willage. 你往远处看，便可以看见村庄里的灯

光。

4.She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.

快到达目的地的时候，一阵香气扑鼻，她不往前走了，停了下来。

句中“had done...when...”是一个常用句型，意为“（刚）做完了……就在那时……”。

when表示“就在那时”意义时，常见句式及意义如下：

①was/were doing…… when……正在做…….时突然

②was/were about to do…..when…….. 正要做…….时突然…….

③had (hardly/ scarcely) done……..when……. 刚刚……突然……..

(1).我正想着这件事时，突然听到有人叫我的名字。I was thinking of this when I heard my name called.

(2). 我们刚要出发就开始下雨了。We were about to start when it began to rain.

(3). 他刚要走就有人敲门。He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door.

(4). 我们刚刚入睡，铃声就响了起来。We had hardly/ scarcely fallen asleep when the bell rang.

5. arrest vt. 逮捕，拘留，吸引(注意) n.[C]逮捕

常用结构：arrest sb. for 因…….而逮捕某人

get arrested 遭逮捕

arrest one’s attention吸引某人的注意

under arrest被捕；被拘留

(1).The criminal was arrested yesterday.那名罪犯昨天被捕了。

(2).The young man got arrested for causing that serious accident. 因造成严重事故，这个年轻人被捕。

(3).What she did arrested my attention. 她所做的吸引了我的注意力。

(4).Fifteen persons were under arrest because of the serious violence. 由于严重的暴乱，十五人被捕。

(5).The other day, a driver was arrested for drinking during his driving and now he is still under arrest, which

has arrested out attention to the new law.

前几天一位司机因喝酒驾车而被捕，现在仍然在押，这引起了我们对新法律的注意。

6. relief n.减轻，解除,轻松,安慰, 救济(品),

常用结构：bring /seek/find/give/feel relief 带来/寻求/找到/予以/感到解脱

much to one’s relief=to one’s great relief 使某人宽慰的是……

(1). I felt great relief when I heard I had passed the examination. 听说通过了考试, 我感到轻松多了

(2). Hearing the news that her son was found, she breathed a sigh of relief.

听到她的儿子被找到的这个消息后，她如释重负地松了口气。

(3). It is a great relief to have rain after a long time of drought. 长期的乾旱之后有雨是一大慰藉。

(4). Much to my relief the car was not damaged.令我非常庆幸的是车并没有坏。

(5). Her coach applauded her success with relief. 她的教练宽慰地为他的成功鼓掌

7. date back to... = date from... 追溯到……，从……时候开始就有了

(1).The church dates back to the 13th century. 这座教堂从十三世纪开始就有了。

(2).My interest in stamp collecting dates back to/from my schooldays. 我从学生时代就开始爱好集邮。

(3).We visited the temple dating back to/from 1780s.我们参观了那个可以追溯到18世纪80年代的庙宇。