外文文献翻译智慧城市技术基础及应用

外文文献原文+译文

原文

Wisdom city: technical foundation and its application

Ben M

Abstract

Wisdom is the hot spot in the field of urban development, city telecommunications science, urban planning, management, and other disciplines. These ideas and planning of mutual concern is how to efficiently connect all kinds of sensors, form the Internet of things, and through the supercomputers and cloud computing real-time analysis was carried out on the Internet to obtain information and control, realize the organic integration with the real world of digital city. On this basis, we can be in real-time massive amounts of information, to adopt a more precise and efficient way to manage the human production and life, so as to achieve state of wisdom. Wisdom city was established based on the urban comprehensive digital visible, measurable, perception, analysis, and can control the intelligent urban management and operation mechanism, including the city's network, sensor, computing resources, such as infrastructure, and on this basis, through analysis of the real time information and data of urban information management and comprehensive decision support platform, such as in the wisdom of the city, we will fully enjoy the wisdom of the power grid, the wisdom of the traffic, the wisdom of medical treatment, education and wisdom of the urban management and emergency application system through public service platform for everyone to provide customized, personalized service, will be more comfortable and safe life of city residents.

1 Introduction

Wisdom city is digital city and the Internet of things and cloud computing technologies such as the product of organic integration. Based on the basic framework of digital city, all kinds of iota sensor will connect people and its related fixed or moving objects, and mass data storage, computing, and interactive services to the cloud computing platform in the "cloud", according to the processing result of the city to implement real-time automation control, can realize the wisdom of urban services.

Digital city will distribution in different areas and different geographical position of economy, culture, transportation, energy and education resources, according to specification of geographic coordinates for wisdom provides a basic framework of digital city. On the basis of digital frame, with RFID, infrared sensors, global positioning system (GPS), information acquisition technology such as laser scanner or sensing device, according to the contract agreement will object to connect to the Internet, in order to achieve the management object of distribution in urban intelligent identification, location, tracking and monitoring services. However, vast amounts of material information management needs cannot rely on computing resources to meet the existing terminal, urgent need scalable computing resources and can dynamically adjust the cloud computing model to solve the massive amounts of data, updating and real-time requirements of very high computational problems, such as the city's road network data real-time calculation and prediction. Based on the digital city organically mix the basic framework of the Internet of things and cloud computing technology. All IP network architecture of Internet of things is an intelligent sensor network, intelligent control network, the characteristics of intelligent safety net at an organic whole, truly identification, location, tracking and monitoring and intelligent management. Through the Internet of things people can be interested in any of the object for perception and operation. The Internet of things is unified coding system, intelligent sensor network, and network system, etc. Unified coding system is through the object type of objects for information such as the only address code and distribution. Intelligent sensor network is a iota of data acquisition and monitoring system of object, it use a variety of instruments and equipment to realize automatic recognition of static or moving objects, and carries on the data collection and exchange. Network system is composed of various local network and global Internet, information flow and management functions. Network system is on the basis of the global Internet, by including object name resolution services and entity markup language, such as software system implement physical interconnection in the city. All kinds of sensors to collect real-time massive amounts of data in digital city, and these huge amounts of data cannot be directly for the use of machines and people, must be

through a variety of algorithm and model analysis and processing, processing for the available information and knowledge, can produce value finally. Vast amounts of data needs to be updated in real time, the traditional calculation methods cannot meet the need, and highly flexible, scalable, virtualization of cloud computing for complex real-time analysis and processing of all kinds of city model provides the possibility. According to the need of computing power and time requirements, "cloud" can provide elastic matching of computing resources and storage resources, the equivalent of a computing power is almost infinite expansion of the brain, according to the requirements on time will be huge amounts of data into information and knowledge, to provide need machine and user.

2 Technical foundations

2.1 Digital city related technologies

Concept of "digital city", as is the result of former U.S. vice President al gore presented "digital earth" mentioned in the digital virtual earth scenario. Through technology integration, can make its better integrated into the Internet, to provide services for mankind. The digital city as one of the most important part of digital earth is becoming a hot spot of research and application of digital. Specifically, the digital city is a city to cover the entire again according to the geographic coordinates to facilitate human understanding by the retrieval and utilization. Digital city can be understood as we live in a city in a copy in the digital world, it includes all the digital city related information, physics and chemistry, and visualization. Digital city according to the forms can be divided into the information provided in the form of text, a two-dimensional digital city plane (including 2D map and remote sensing image of city, etc.), 3D digital city space, four-dimensional space-time digital city space. Digital city technology covers the city space information acquisition, management, use, etc., the specific requirements to the construction of digital city and promotes the related technology development and mature gradually. In the future, government, research institutions, standards organizations, non-profit organizations, enterprises will jointly promote the further development and improvement of digital city technology. Seamless information model, all kinds of information scattered

throughout the city, according to the city's geographic coordinates to reflect the city's natural, cultural, social and other kinds of information.

2.2 The Internet of things technology

"Internet of things" concept in 1999, the original is defined as "all items by radio frequency identification information such as sensing devices connected to the Internet, to realize intelligent identification and management". On November 17, 2005, "the world summit on information society" in Tunisia, the International Telecommunication Union (International Telecommunication Union, ITU) released the "ITU Internet report 2005: the Internet of things", puts forward the concept of "Internet of things". The definition of the Internet of things is: through the radio frequency identification, infrared sensors, global positioning system (GPS), such as the laser scanner information sensing device, according to the contract agreement, connect any item with the Internet, information exchange and communication, in order to realize intelligent identification, location, tracking and monitoring and management of a network.

2.3 Cloud computing technology

Cloud computing is a kind of calculation based on the pattern of the Internet, is the further extension and development of distributed computing and grid computing, is as the changes of the Internet resource allocation gradually formed. Computer interaction services once failed to out of the shackles of the hardware and until based on virtualization of the cloud computing, software and interactive services in order to completely has nothing to do with hardware, at the same time, also need not care about the hardware maintenance. Support the information service socialization, intensification and specialized cloud computing center through software reuse and the flexible restructuring, service process optimization and reconstruction, improve the utilization rate. Cloud computing promoted the software resources, information sharing and collaborative work between, forming a service-oriented computing. Cloud computing can be rapid processing huge amounts of data from the world, and provide services to tens of millions of users at the same time. Cloud computing key technology enables users don't need to care about the operating system, database and

software environment, and the underlying hardware environment, the computing center location, software providers and service channel. Like electricity, convenient, cloud computing allows users to more naturally and quickly use personalized interaction services.

3 The application of wisdom city

3.1 Contribute to the sustainable development of urban economy

Wisdom city construction, in the long run, can bring economic sustainable development and long-term prosperity good benefits. In the short term, can stimulate the digital city, the development of the Internet of things and cloud computing industry. Wisdom city construction, first of all, needs a lot of investment, smart grid, intelligent building, and intelligent transportation infrastructure. It can stimulate the economic growth of the industry, more and create a lot of jobs. Second, will provide more variety for all city residents and more convenient services, like urban operation "lubricant" and "catalyst", will greatly improve the efficiency of society, let everybody can have more effective time, create greater value and wealth. Finally, its infrastructure will for future innovation and industry upgrading transformation of great might.

3.2 Service for urban residents

The existing urban traffic management is basic spontaneously, each driver according to your own judgment to choose the route, traffic signals and signs only have static, limited guidance. That lead to urban road resources failed to get the highest efficiency, and create unnecessary traffic congestion and even paralysis. And relies on wisdom city traffic infrastructure of the sensor, can be the city's traffic, road conditions and other information collected in real time, and through the cloud computing center dynamically calculated the optimal route of traffic control scheme and garage, and then improve the efficiency of traffic system. In addition, after the establishment of a wisdom city infrastructure, both indoors and outdoors, using a laptop or smart handheld devices, can retrieve the user want to various services through the Internet of things, no matter in the office or in another city hotel, or waiting at the airport, can at any time with the team collaborative office, with his

family to share the information in the journey, let every urban residents can enjoy the wisdom of the city and convenient services anytime and anywhere.

3.3 City security services

Wisdom city will greatly improve the urban security, after onset of events disposition will be engaged in passive receiving alarm disposal into the scene even before the automatic alarm or warning in time. Wisdom city security services to urban public security resources as the carrier, based on a spatial information, business information sharing platform and sensor network, construction of urban daily management, emergency command, prevention, early warning of the trinity of safety protection system, to realize intelligent daily safety management, sensor, automatic alarm warning, rapid response and intelligent aided decision, etc. Intelligent video analysis system can, for example, based on the function of video content analysis, presupposition is different in different video acquisition sensor alarm rules, once the target in the scene appeared a violation of the predefined rules, the system will automatically alarm and relevant personnel may adopt relevant measures from the alarm information.

文献出处：Ben M. Wisdom city: technical foundation and its application [J]. Urban Design International, 2016, 4(3): 22-35.

译文

智慧城市:技术基础及应用

Ben M

摘要

智慧城市是当今城市发展领域关注的热点，涉及电信科学、城市规划、管理学等多个学科门类。这些理念和规划共同关注的是如何高效地把各类传感器连接起来，形成物联网，并通过超级计算机和云计算对物联网获取的信息进行实时分析并控制，实现数字城市与现实世界的有机融合。在此基础上，可以在实时海量信息的辅助下，采取更加精细和高效的方式管理人类的生产和生活，从而达到智

慧状态。智慧城市是在城市全面数字化基础之上建立的可视、可量测、可感知、可分析、可控制的智能化城市管理与运营机制，包括城市的网络、传感器、计算资源等基础设施，以及在此基础上通过对实时信息和数据的分析而建立的城市信息管理与综合决策支撑等平台，在智慧的城市中，我们将充分享受到智慧的电网、智慧的交通、智慧的医疗、智慧的教育、智慧的城管和智慧的应急等应用系统通过公共服务平台为每个人提供的定制化、个性化的服务，城市市民的生活将更加舒适和安全。

1 引言

智慧城市是数字城市与物联网和云计算等技术有机融合的产物。基于数字城市的基础框架，各类物联网传感器将人及其相关的固定或移动物品连接起来，并将海量数据的存储、计算和交互服务交由云计算平台在“云端”处理，按照处理结果对城市实施实时自动化控制，就可以实现智慧的城市服务。数字城市将分布在不同领域和不同地理位置的经济、文化、交通、能源和教育资源等按规范的地理坐标组织起来，为智慧城市提供了一个数字化的基础框架。在数字化的基础框架上，通过RFID、红外感应器、全球定位系统、激光扫描器等信息采集技术或传感设备，按约定的协议将物体与互联网连接起来，以实现对分布在城市中的各管理对象的智能化识别、定位、跟踪、监控等服务。然而，海量的物联信息的管理需求无法依靠现有终端的计算资源来满足，迫切需要计算资源可伸缩并能动态调节的云计算模式来解决数据海量、随时更新并且实时性要求非常高的计算问题，例如整个城市的路网数据的实时计算与预测。基于数字城市的基础框架有机地融合物联网及云计算技术。全IP 网络架构的物联网集智能传感网、智能控制网、智能安全网的特性于一体，真正做到识别、定位、跟踪、监控和管理的智能化。通过物联网人们可以对任何感兴趣的物体进行感知和操作。物联网由统一的编码系统、智能传感网以及网络系统等组成。统一的编码系统通过物体类型等信息对物体进行唯一编码并分配地址。智能传感网是物联网的数据采集和物体监控系统，它利用各种仪器设备实现对静止或移动物体的自动识别，并进行数据采集与交换。网络系统由本地各种网络和全球互联网组成，实现信息流通和管理功能。网络系统是在全球互联网的基础上，通过包括对象名解析服务和实体标记语言等软件系统实现城市中的实物互联。数字城市中的各类传感器将采集实时海量数

据，而这些海量数据不能直接供机器和人使用，必须通过各种算法和模型进行分析和处理，加工为可用的信息和知识，才能最终产生价值。海量的数据需要实时更新，传统的计算方式不能满足需要，而高度弹性、可伸缩、虚拟化的云计算为复杂的各类城市模型的实时分析和处理提供了可能。按照需要的计算能力和时间要求，“云端”可以弹性地为其提供与之相匹配的计算资源和存储资源，相当于一个计算能力几乎是可以无限扩大的大脑，按时按要求将海量数据转化为信息和知识，提供给需要的机器和用户。

2 技术基础

2.1 数字城市相关技术

“数字城市”的概念最早源于美国前副总统阿尔·戈尔提出“数字地球”时提到的数字化的虚拟地球场景。通过技术融合，可使其较好地融入互联网，为人类提供服务。其中数字城市作为数字地球中最为重要的组成部分之一，成为研究和数字化应用的热点。具体来说，数字城市是一个覆盖整个城市的又能按便于人类理解的地理坐标进行检索和利用。数字城市可以理解为我们生活的城市在数字世界中的一个副本，它包括全部城市相关资料的数字化、地理化和可视化。数字城市按表现形式可以分为以文本形式提供的信息点、二维数字城市平面（包括城市二维地图和遥感影像图等）、三维数字城市空间、四维时空数字城市空间。数字城市相关技术涵盖城市空间信息的获取、管理、使用等方面，数字城市建设的具体需求也推动着相关技术逐步发展和成熟。在未来，政府、研究机构、标准制定组织、非盈利组织、企业等将共同推动数字城市技术进一步发展和完善。无缝的信息模型，把分散在城市各处的各类信息按城市的地理坐标组织起来，这样既能体现出城市中的自然、人文、社会等各类信息的相互关系。

2.2 物联网技术

“物联网”的概念，最初的定义为“把所有物品通过射频识别等信息传感设备与互联网连接起来，实现智能化识别和管理”。2005 年11 月17 日，在突尼斯举行的“信息社会世界峰会”上，国际电信联盟（International Telecommunication Union，ITU）发布了《ITU 互联网报告2005：物联网》，正式提出了“物联网”的概念。物联网的定义是：通过射频识别、红外感应器、全球定位系统、激光扫描器等信息传感设备，（完整译文请到百度文库）按约定的协议，把任何物品与