句子成分和基本句型
2011年高考英语复习：句子成分和基本句型
主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English. He is asleep.
表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. （名词）She was very tired and looked it. （代词）Five and five is ten. （数词）He is asleep. （形容词）His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）
To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）
The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）
（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste （尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉） ...
It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.
The door remains open. Now I feel tired.
宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾
I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词）
How many do you need? We need two. （数词）
We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词）
I hope to see you again. （不定式）Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）
2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.
宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor. （名词）We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名）
We will make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in. ( 副词 )
Please make yourself at home. 介词短语）Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）
Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词）I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）
主补：对主语的补充。
He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room.
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词）
We belong to the third world. （数词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）
The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)
The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）
The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词）
I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）
You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）
状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式
和让步。
（以下例句按上述顺序排列）
I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.I like some of you very much.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike.
Though he is young, he can do it well.
句子按其结构可以分为以下三类：
1、简单句（Simple Sentences）：只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句，例如：
She is fond of collecting stamps.她喜欢集邮。
主语谓语
2）：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用
并列连词或分号来连接，例如：
The food was good, but he had little appetite. 食物很精美，但他却没什么胃口。
主语系表主语谓宾
3）：包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连
词引导，例如：
The film had begun when we got to the cinema. 我们到达电影院的时候，电影已经开演了。
主句从句
基本句型（Basic Sentence Patterns）：英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的：
1）主 + 动（SV）I work.我工作。
2）主 + 动 + 表（SVP）John is busy.约翰忙。
3）主 + 动 + 宾（SVO）She studies English.她学英语。
4）主 + 动 + 宾 + 补（SVOC）Time would prove me right. 时间会证明我是对的。
5）主 + 动+ 间宾 + 直宾（SVOiOd）My mother made me a new dress.我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。
一. Subject (主语) ＋ Verb (谓语)
此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这种句型中的动词基本上都
是不及物动词，这些动词常见的有：appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等,但可以在其后添加修饰成分，如副词，介词短语，甚至状语从句作状语。
Time flies.（主语+谓语） The moon rose.月亮升起来了。（主语+谓语）
Birds sing beautifully.(副词) They stayed in a hotel. （介词短语）
She apologized to me again. (副词) I had left when they came.(时间状语从句)
二.Subject (主语) ＋ Link. V(系动词) ＋ Predicate(表语)
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语
身份或状态的表语,才能表达完整的意思。
主系表结构中的表语常常有以下成分充当：
（代词）.
2) S + Lv + Adj（形容词） She is beautiful.
3) S + Lv + Adv (副词） Class is over.
4) S + Lv + Prep Phrase He is in good health.
5) S + Lv + Participle(分词）He is excited. The film is interesting.
三. Subject(主语) ＋ Verb (谓语) ＋ Object (宾语)
此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。
1）S+VT(及物动词)+名词/代词
He knows the answer.（名词） I like her.（代词）
2）S+VT(及物动词)+不定式
I want to help him.（不定式）
常用于这句型的动词有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。
3) S + VT + Wh-开头的词 + 不定式
I don't know what to do.
常用于这句型的动词有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。
4) S + VT + 动名词
I enjoy living here.
常用于这句型的动词有：admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, can't help等。
5) S + VT + That-从句
I don't think (that) he is right.
常用于这句型的动词有：Admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel(觉得）, hear（听说）, hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind, notice, propose, request, report, say, see（看出），show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder(觉得奇怪）。
四. Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋ Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语)
这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思.这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者.通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略。
I gave him help. I sent him a book.
I bought May a book. Please show me your picture.
I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don t lose heart.
I owe him some money. They told me about your story.
I sold my car to Tom.
☆注意：这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：
1)动词＋宾语＋ for sb.；“for”常常表示动作的受益者，或“动作是为谁做的”
间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有：bring, buy, cash, cook, choose, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏），save, sing等。
He bought a coat for me.
I'll offer a good chance for you as long as you don't lose heart. 只要你不失去信心，我会给你提供机会的。
间接宾语前常常加to的常用动词有：allow, bring, deny, do(带来），give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。
He sent a book to me. Please show your picture to me.
五. Subject(主语)＋Verb (动词)＋Object (宾语)＋Complement(补语)
1. Jim finds his job a challenge.［宾补为n.］
2. I found the movie interesting.［宾补为adj.］
3. Why did you leave the light on?［宾补为adv.］
4. We found her in tears.［宾补为介词短语］
5. They encouraged her to try again.［宾补为不定式］
6. My mother told me not to worry.［宾补为不定式］
7. We heard someone knocking on the door.［宾补为V-ing］
8. Do you smell something burning?［宾补为V-ing］
9. I had my computer fixed last week.［宾补为V-ed］
10. You should make yourself understood.［宾补为V-ed］
此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。这种句型中的宾语＋宾语补语可统称为“复合宾语”。担任宾语补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。
1) S + VT + 名词/代词
We named our baby Tom.
We elected Obama president of the United States.
We made/chose/ him our monitor(班长).
常用于这句型的动词有：appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名）。
2) S + VT + 名词/代词+形容词
He painted the wall white. They find the house empty.
I cut the stick short.我把棒子砍短了。 I got my clothes dirty.
I kept the door open. She left her baby alone.
I made the house clean. I washed my shirt clean.
常用于这句型的动词有：beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn, want, wash, wipe, wish等。
3) S + VT + N/Pron + 介词短语
She always keeps everything in good order. I always find him in the garden.
4) S + VT + N/Pron + 不定式
I wish Mary to come to my party. I made him work. I advise him to have a rest.
常用于这句型的动词有：
a)不定式带to的词：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。
b)不定式不带to的词：feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, see, watch 等。
5) S + VT + N/Pron + Participle (分词）
I heard my name called. I saw him beaten by a stranger. I hear her singing in the
house.
常用于这句型的动词有：catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, perceive, see, set, smell, start, watch等。
6) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-word + 不定式
He show me how to do it. He told me where to go.
常用于这句型的动词有：advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell等。
7) S + VT + N/Pron + That-clause
He told me that the film was great.
8) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-Clause
He asked me what he should do.
He showed me where I should go.
She taught me how I should do the job.
常用于这句型的动词有：Advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell.
Keep the children quiet, please. 请让孩子们安静下来。
He painted the wall white. 他把墙漆成白色。
We found him an honest person.我们发现他是一个诚实的人。
His mother told him not to play on the street.他母亲告诉他不要在街上玩
注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, observe, watch等后面所接动词不定式作宾
补时，不带to
The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。
以下为英语“五种基本句型歌”，希望能方便各位理解记忆。O(∩_∩)O~
英语句子万万千，五大句型把线牵。句型种类为动词，后接什么是关键；系词后面接表语；vi独身无
牵连；vt又可分三类，单宾双宾最常见，还有宾语补足语；
Exercises
分析下列句子成分
1. Our schoo l is not far from my home.
2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you
3. All of us considered him honest.
4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.
5. He broke a piece of glass.
6. He made it clear that he would leave the city．
7. ---I love you more than her child ．8. Tees turn green when spring comes.
9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12.All the students think highly of
his teaching
13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song.
15. Don't get nervous，help yourself to what you like．16.We will make our school more beautiful.
17. He didn't come．That is why he didn't know．18. She showed us her many of her pictures.
19. The old man lives a lonely life.
20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.
21. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany．
22. There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him．
23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.
24. Go back where you came from. 25. We must do whatever the people want us to do.
26. At last he got home, tired and hungry. 27. Would you please pass me the cup?
28 Mary handed her homework to the teacher. 29. Do you know the latest news about him?
30. I’ll get my hair cut tomorrow.
翻译练习：
主谓结构（主语＋不及物动词）
1你应当努力学习。2她昨天回家很晚。
3那天早上我们谈了很多。4会议将持续两个小时。
5在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
6这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。
7 1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。
8每天八时开始上课。9这个盒子重五公斤。
10五年前我住在北京。
主谓宾结构（主语＋及物动词＋宾语）
1昨晚我写了一封信。2今天下午我想同你谈谈。
3这本书他读过多次了。4他们成功地完成了计划。
5你们必须在两周内看完这些书。6那位先生能流利地说三种语言。
7我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。
8 Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。
9我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。
10他不知道说什麽好。
主系表结构（主语＋系动词＋表语）
1我的兄弟都是大学生。2冬季白天短，夜晚长。
3布朗夫人看起来很健康。4十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。
5孩子们，请保持安静。6这本书是有关美国历史的书。
7她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。8他失业了。
9树叶已经变黄了。10这个报告听起来很有意思。
双宾语结构（主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）
1 Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。
4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？
5. 他把车票给列车员看。
6. 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。
7. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。8. Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。
9. 请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？10. 我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？
复合宾语结构（主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语）
1我们叫她Alice. 2他的父母给他取名为John.
5他们把小偷释放了。6我们要使学校变得更美丽。
7他请我们参加做游戏。8我要你把真相告诉我。
9卫兵命令我们立即离开。10明天我要找人来修理机器。
11每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。12痛苦使得他叫喊起来。
13我们不会让她在晚上外出的。14他每个月理一次发。
15我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。16那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了
17她正在听人家讲故事。18男孩子们都在看士兵们操练。
19我从来没看见这个字这样用过。20他感到很难跟你交谈。
21我想乘船去那里更舒服些。22我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。
23学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。 24我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。
There be 句型
1今晚没有会。2这个村子过去只有一口井。
3这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。 4客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。
5天气预报说下午有大风。 6灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。
7战前这儿一直有家电影院的。 8恰好那时房里没人。
9从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。 10公共汽车来了。
11就只剩下二十八美元了。 12在这个山洞前面长着一棵高大的松树。13铃响了。 14二月份有二十八天。
KEYS
分析下列句子成分
1. 主语＋系动词＋表语
2. 主语＋系动词＋表语
3. 主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语
4. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
5. 主语＋及物动词＋宾语
6. 主语＋动词＋形式宾语 it＋宾语补足语+宾语
7. 主语＋及物动词＋宾语8. 主语＋系动词＋表语
9. 主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语10. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
11. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语12 主语＋及物动词＋宾语
13. 主语＋及物动词＋宾语14. 主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语
15. 主语＋系动词＋表语16. 主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语
17. 主语＋系动词＋表语18. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
19. 主语＋不及物动词20. 主语＋不及物动词
21. 主语＋系动词＋表语22. 主语＋系动词＋表语
23. 主语＋及物动词＋宾语24. 主语＋不及物动词
25. 主语＋及物动词＋宾语26. 主语＋不及物动词
27. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语28. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
29. 主语＋及物动词＋宾语30. 主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语
翻译练习：
1You should study hard.
2 She went home very late yesterday evening.
3That morning we talked a great deal.
4The meeting will last two hours.
5Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.
6Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day.
7The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.
8Classes begin at eight every day.
9This box weighs five kilos.
10 I lived in Beijing five years ago.
主谓宾结构（主语＋及物动词＋宾语）
1.I wrote a letter last night.
2.I want to talk with you this afternoon.
3.He has read this book many times.
4.They have carried out the plan successfully.
5.You must finish reading these books in two weeks.
6.That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently.
7.I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia.
8.Jim cannot dress himself.
9.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.
10.He did not know what to say.
主系表结构（主语＋系动词＋主语补语）
1My brothers are all college students. 2In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.
3 Mrs Brown looks very healthy. 4At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist.
5 Children, keep quiet please.
6 This book is about the history of the United States.
7Her job is to look after the children in the nursery. 8He is out of work.
9The leaves have turned yellow. 10The report sounds interesting.
双宾语结构（主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）
1Mr Johnson taught us German last year.
2Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
3Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster.
4Would you please pass me the dictionary?
5He showed the ticket to the conductor.
6This term I have written three letters to my parents.
7My father has bought me a new bike.
8Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat.
9Will you please get me a new copy?
10 Shall I call you a taxi?
复合宾语结构（主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语）
1We call her Alice. 2His parents named him John.
3All of us considered him honest. 4They pushed the door open.
7He asked us to join in the game. 8I want you to tell me the truth.
9The guards ordered us to leave at once. 10Tomorrow I’ll have someone repair the machine.
11Every morning we hear him read English aloud. 12The pain made him cry out.
13We won’t let her go out at night. 14He has his hair cut once a month.
15I’ll get my recorder mended. 16The terrible sound made the children frightened. 17She is listening to someone telling stories. 18he boys were watching the soldiers drilling.
19I have never seen the word used that way before. 20He felt it very difficult to talk with you. 21I think it more comfortable to go there by ship.
22I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way.
23The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.
24I thought it no use talking with that man
There be 句型
1There isn’t going to be a meeting tonight.
2There was only a well in the village.
3There is (are) a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school.
4Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.
5The weatherman says there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon. 6
6The light is on. There must be someone ion the office.
7There used to be a cinema here before the war.
8There happened to be nobody in the room.
9Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.
10There comes the bus.
11There remained just twenty-eight dollars.
12In front of the cave, there stands(grows) a tall pine tree.
13There goes the bell.
14There are twenty-eight days in February
十大词性 句子成分及基本句型讲解及练习(附答案)..
十大词性、句子成分分析、五大基本句型及句子类型讲解与练习 一、新课导入 个体名词 集体名词 普通名词 物质名词 1.名词 抽象名词 专有名词 功能：表示人或事物的名称 人称代词： 主格 宾格 （注意it 的用法） 物主代词： 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 指示代词：this, that, these, those 单数：myself`, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself 反身代词： 复数：ourselves, yourselves, themselves 2.代词 疑问代词：who, whom, whose, what, which. 简单不定代词：One/ones, Either/neither, both/all, each/ every another, other, the other, others, the others 复合不定代词： somebody, anybody, nobody 不定代词 someone, anyone, no one something, anything, nothing everybody, everyone, everything 功能：用来代替名词、形容词或数词等 3.数词： 基数词 序数词 功能：表数量或顺序 4.冠词： 定冠词 不定冠词 零冠词 //功能：用在名词前，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物 表地点：at/ in/ on/ to, above/ over/ on, below/ under/ underneath …. 表时间： in/ on/ at, in/ after, from/since from, after/ behind, 5.介词： 表运动： across/ through/ over/ pass … 表方位：…. 其他 功能：用在名词、代词等前面，说明句子中词与词之间的关系 可数名词 不可数名词
句子成分及基本句型
实用标准文档 文案大全句子成分及基本句型 一、考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 （一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如： （1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） （2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） （3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） （4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语） （5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语） （二）谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语） We study hard. （行为动词作谓语） We don’t finish reading the book（助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语） （三）宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来 担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语） She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语） We often help him.（代词作宾语） He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语） We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。（动名词短语作宾语） 说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词
句子的成分和基本句型
句子的成分和基本句型 句子的成分和基本句型 句子成分： 组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语。 一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。例如: Lily likes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。 He gets up early every day.(代词) 他每天都起得很早。 To learn English well is not easy.(不定式短语)学好英语不容易。 二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用动词充当。例如： We work hard.我们努力工作。 The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。 He is my father. 他是我父亲。 They all look fine. 他们都很好。 谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。例如： I am reading. You are reading. He\She is reading. We are reading. 三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名
词或代词的词或短语充当，和及物动词一起构成谓语，说明主语“做什么”。例如： Tom bought a story-book.(名词)汤姆买了一本故事书。 I saw him yesterday. (代词)昨天我看到他了。 He wanted to have a cup of tea. (不定式短语)他想要一杯茶。 直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如： He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。 间接宾语直接宾语 Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。 间接宾语直接宾语 四、表语——说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，与连系动词一起构成谓语，表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。例如： My sister is a nurse.(名词)我的姐姐是一名护士。 They were at home.(介词短语)他们在家里。 She got angry. (形容词)她生气了。 Her grandfather is over eighty years old.(数词)她的祖父八十多岁了。 五、定语——定语是修饰名词或代词的，可以作定语的除形容词
英语句子成分及基本句型
英语句子成分及基本句型 句子成分 A. 主语（Subject）主语是一句话的中心。除祈使句外，主语是句子中不可缺少的成分。主语表示句子中所说的是“谁”或 “什么”。 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Thirteen is regarded as an unlucky number by some people. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. B. 谓语（Predicate）谓语表示主语的动作或状态，分为简单谓语与复合谓语两种。简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成；复合 谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词。 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. He can speak English well. C. 表语（Predicative）在系动词后的部分就是表语,说明主语的状态等。 常见的系动词有be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become, get, grow, come, go etc.系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet. The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. I’m not quite myself today. Who was the first? He is out of condition. The book is what I need. D. 宾语（Object）宾语是动作行为的对象，说明主语“做什么”。宾语分为直接宾语（Direct Object）和间接宾语(Indirect Object)。直接宾语常指物,间接宾语常指人。Give him a cup of coffee. E.宾语补足语（Object Complement）是用在宾语之后补充宾语情况的成分。 I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them. She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out. We must keep it a secret. F．定语（Attribute）定语修饰名词或代词。 He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel work. There are 54students in our class. Do you known Betty’ｓsister? There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good. I met a friend on my way home. G．状语（Adverbial）用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等。 I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that I missed the train. I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness. He always comes late to school. 讲出划线部分的句子成分： 1．Her suggestion sounds quite reasonable. 2．I have a lot to say on this matter. 3．Please give me some advice. 4．She is quite all right now. 5． A lonely person is always alone. 6． A fat, sandy-haired boy in jeans came to see Miss White.
初中句子成分和基本句型完整版
初中句子成分和基本句 型 Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】
句子成分和基本句型 句子包含哪些成分？ 现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有八种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)、{补语（complement）、同位语（apposite）} 1.主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分．一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当．它的位置一般在句首． Thegirlispretty.Readingisuseful. Toseeistobelieve.Theyaregoodfriends. 2.谓语说明主语做什么，以什么状态或特征存在，由简单动词或者动词短语构成． Theyareteachers.Shelookswell. Hestudieshard.Helaughedathisclassmates. 3.表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面Iamateacher.Shefeelshappy. Everybodyishere.Theyareathomenow. Hewentmad.Seeingisbelieving. 4.宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后．Sheplaysthepiano.Heoftenhelpsme. IlikewatchingTV.Shelikestogotoshopthisafternoon. Ithinkthatheisgoodboy. 5.宾语补足语：在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思．它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用． 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在分词和过去分词充当． Ifyouletmego,I’llmakeyouking.Leavethedooropen. WefoundJohnoutwhenwearrived.Makeyourselfathome. Iheardmynamecalled. 6.状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词．它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度．一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，也可由从句来充当． Hediditcarefully.Hestudiedveryhard. IwasbornonJune9th1982inGuangxi.Heiswritingwithapen. Iwillstayathomeifitrainstomorrow.
句子成分和基本句型
句子成分和基本句型 什么是句子？ 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第一个字母必须大写，结尾要有．？！ I am a teacher. Are you a student? How beautiful the girl is ! *句子成分由词或词组充当 英语的基本成分有七种： 主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)补语(complement) １．主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分．一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当．它的位置一般在句首． The girl is pretty. Reading is useful. To see is to believe. They are good friends. 谓语： 谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由简单动词或者动词短语构成． They are teachers. She looks well. He studies hard. He laughed at his classmates. He can speak English. 表语： 表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面． I am a teacher. She is happy. Everybody is here. They are at home now. My job is to teach English. Seeing is believing. 宾语 宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后． She plays the piano. He often helps me.
句子的成分和基本句型
句子的成分和基本句型 句子成分： 组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语。 一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。例如: Lily likes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。 He gets up early every day.(代词) 他每天都起得很早。 To learn English well is not easy.（不定式短语）学好英语不容易。 二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用动词 ．．充当。例如： We work hard.我们努力工作。 The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。 He is my father. 他是我父亲。 They all look fine. 他们都很好。 谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。例如： I am reading. You are reading. He\She is reading. We are reading. 三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当，和及物动词一起构成谓语，说明主语“做什么”。例如： Tom bought a story-book.（名词）汤姆买了一本故事书。 I saw him yesterday. （代词）昨天我看到他了。 He wanted to have a cup of tea. （不定式短语）他想要一杯茶。 直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如： He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。 间接宾语直接宾语 Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。 间接宾语直接宾语 四、表语——说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，与连系动词一起构成谓语，表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。例如： My sister is a nurse.（名词）我的姐姐是一名护士。 They were at home.（介词短语）他们在家里。 She got angry. （形容词）她生气了。 Her grandfather is over eighty years old.（数词）她的祖父八十多岁了。 五、定语——定语是修饰名词或代词的，可以作定语的除形容词外，还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。例如： This is a green cup.（形容词）这是一个绿色的杯子。
五种基本句型及句子成分分析
五种基本句型及句子成分的分析五种基本句型的分析能力的培养是分析一切复杂句子的基础，是分析千千万万个句子的基础，因为众多的 句子都是由五种基本句型变换过来的。 所谓五种基本句型分析能力就是：看到一个简单句就能立刻分析出这个句子属于五种句型中的哪种；能够立刻分析出句子的主干是什么，能够快速分割，快速整合。 怎样才能具备这种能力呢？ 先理解理论（怎么去做的方法）后多实践做练习，实践是最重要的，能力在大量的实践练习中应该可以掌握。 在培养这个能力过程中还需要记忆任务。如：哪些动词后面要跟动词不定式,哪些动词后面要跟doing ,哪些动词后面需要跟双宾语等等这些都需要记忆，这项记忆任务完全可以通过练习实践来掌握，不做练习，只去死记那些东西不容易掌握。 如果对汉语句子成分分析有一定的了解和掌握，有助于英语句子成分的学习，因为本来汉语句子成分分析那 一套就是从英语那里搬过来的。 五种基本句型 1，主（语）＋系（动词）＋表（语） 首先我们来认识主语，主语是五种基本句型都具备的。从位置上来看，主语一般在句子开头，也就是一个句子的“头把交椅”：从意义上理解，主语一般是一个句子的“陈述对象”，后面的一切都是针对主语来说的，那么常坐这把“交椅”的会是什么词呢，一般是名词或代词。 系动词是联系动词的简称，顾名思义，它是起到联系作用的动词，是连接主语和表语的。系动词的数量是有限的，常见的只有十来个，我们把它们分成四组，这样有助于我们记忆系动词： 一、be动词类：am、is 、are 、was 、were 二、表示变化类：become、get 、turn 、grow 、go 三、感官动词类: 眼（look ）耳(sound)鼻(smell)舌(taste)身(feel) 四、表示延续性的动词：remain 、stay 、keep 表语有两个特征：一从位置上来讲，它总是在系动词后面（系动词和表语关系甚为紧密，没有系动词，就没有表语：没有表语，就没有系动词，正所谓“皮之不存，毛将焉附”）。二从意义上讲，表语通常是来说明主语的性质、特征的。表语通常是由形容词、介词短语、名词、代词、动词不定式、doing 等来充当。 上面就是对主系表结构的简要介绍，其中，系动词是主系表结构的核心，它是这个结构的标志，看到了系动词，也就能立刻判断出句子的结构是主系表，因此，记住系动词非常重要。 2，主（语）＋谓（语） 谓语，谓语从意义上说有表示动作和状态两种情况；表示状态的就用主语＋连系动词＋表语句型来表示。一般情况下，谓语位于主语之后，从意义上理解，往往具有动作意味（谓语实际有表示动作和状态两种情况；表示状态的就用主语＋连系动词＋表语句型来表）是主语发出的动作。能做谓语的在十大词类中只有一种词类：动词，也就是说只用动词具有作谓语的“专利”，所以我们往往把“谓语”和“动词”连在一起叫做“谓语动词”。虽然主语是“头把交椅”，但是谓语是一个句子中最重要的成分，一个句子可以缺少主语，但是谓语是不能少的。 为了更好地理解这个句型以及下面的三个句型，在这里我需要补充说明两点：
句子成分与五种基本句型
句子成分与五种基本句型班级：姓名： 一、句子成分 一）主语：是句子要说明的人或物，是句子的主体，一般放在。 1. The book is mine. ( ) 2. I teach you English.. （） 3. Three plus four equals seven. ( ) 4. To see is to believe. （） 5. Smoking is not allowed in public places. （） 6. Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. （） 二）谓语由____ _______担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语。划出以下句子的谓语： 1. We clean the classroom every day . 2. I don't like the picture on the wall. 3. You should have breakfast. 三）表语它的位置在__________之后。是用来说明主语的________,_______, ________的. 1. My father is a professor. ( ) 2. Everything here is expensive. ( ) 3. The story of my life may be of help to others.( ) 4. His plan is to seek work in the city. ( ) 5. The match became very exciting.( ) 6. My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. ( ) 四）宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在___________之后。 1. She covered her face with her hands.( ) 2. We haven't seen her for a long time. ( ) 3. We need to know what others are doing. ( ) 4. We should care about our friends. ( ) 五）定语是修饰__ _. 单个词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_____；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之___ __。 1. Mary is a beautiful girl.. （） 2. China is a developing country. ( ) 3. I have nothing to eat. ( ) 4. The boy who is talking with Tom is from Beijing. ( ) 六）状语状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、伴随情况等。 1.There is a shop near the school gate. ( ) 2.I left the village five years ago. ( ) 3.I arrived late because of the traffic jam .( ) 4.We'll send a car to fetch you. ( ) 5.The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones.( ) 6.The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.( ) 7.If you work hard, you will be successful. ( ) 8.Though he is a child, he knows a lot. ( ) 七）宾语补足语 英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾补放在后面补充说明。
句子成分及基本句型
句子成分及基本句型 一、考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 （一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如： （1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） （2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） （3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） （4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语） （5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语） （二）谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语） We study hard. （行为动词作谓语） We don’t finish reading the book（助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）（三）宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语） She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语） We often help him.（代词作宾语）
句子成分及基本句型学习资料
句子成分及基本句型 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 （一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如： （1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） （2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） （3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） （4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语） （5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语） （二）谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语） We study hard. （行为动词作谓语） We don’t finish reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语） （三）宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语） She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语） We often help him.（代词作宾语） He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语） We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。（动名词短语作宾语） 说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词，称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外，动词不定式可作动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 说明2：及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，直接宾语指物，间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人，间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如：give, show（给……看），bring, pass, buy等。 如：（1）Our teacher tells us a story. （2）The sun gives us light. 间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后，在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。间接宾语前加“to”的有：give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise（答应）, refuse（拒绝）等。 间接宾语加“for”的有：make, buy, do, get, play, order（命令）, sing, pay等 （1）I give him a book. 改成： （2）He passes me the book. 改成： （3）He writes me a letter. 改成： （4）He will buy me some books. 改成：
英语句子成分及基本句型
英语句子成分及基本句型 1.1 句子成分 A. 主语（Subject）主语是一句话的中心。除祈使句外，主语是句子中不可缺少的成分。主语表示句子中所说的是“谁”或“什么”。 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Thirteen is regarded as an unlucky number by some people. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. B. 谓语（Predicate）谓语表示主语的动作或状态，分为简单谓语与复合谓语两种。简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成；复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词。 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. He can speak English well. C.表语（Predicative）在系动词后的部分就是表语,说明主语的状态等。 常见的系动词有 be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become, get, grow, come, go etc.系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet. The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. I’m not quite myself today. Who was the first? He is out of condition. The book is what I n eed. D. 宾语（Object）宾语是动作行为的对象，说明主语“做什么”。宾语分为直接宾语（Direct Object）和间接宾语(Indirect Object)。直接宾语常指物,间接宾语常指人。Give him a cup of coffee. E.宾语补足语（Object Complement）是用在宾语之后补充宾语情况的成分。 I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them. She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out.
句子的成分、结构和基本句型
句子的成分、结构和基本句型 句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种：主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。 一.英语的句子成分： （一）主语： Walls have ears. ( ) He will take you to the hospital. （） To see is to believe. （） Smoking is not allowed in public places. （）Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. （） （二）谓语动词由_____________担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。 Action speaks louder than words. The chance may never come again. Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994. （三）表语它的位置在__________之后。 My father is a professor. ( ) Who's that? It's me. ( ) Everything here is expensive. ( ) The match became very exciting.( ) The story of my life may be of help to others.( ) Three times five is fifteen. ( ) His plan is to seek work in the city. ( ) My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. ( ) （四）宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在___________之后。_____词后也会跟宾语。 She covered her face with her hands.( ) We haven't seen her for a long time. ( ) Do you mind opening the window? ( ) Give me four please. ( ) He wants to dream a nice dream. ( ) We need to know what others are doing. ( ) We should care more about our friends. ( ) （五）定语是修饰___词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_____；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_____。 The play has three acts. ( ) This is her first trip to Europe. ( ) They are women workers. （） Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday. （）Mary is a beautiful girl.. （） China is a developing country. ( ) I have nothing to eat. ( ) Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. ( ) （六）状语状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、伴随情况等。 The best fish swim near the bottom. ( ) I left the village five years ago. ( ) I arrived late because of the traffic jam .( ) We'll send a car to fetch you. ( ) The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones.( ) The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.( ) If he goes, so will I . ( ) Though he is a child, he knows a lot. ( ) （七）宾语补足语 英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成___________。 They elected me captain of the team. ( ) We try to make our country strong. ( ) We found everything in good order there. ( )
句子成分与基本句型
句子成分与基本句型 1.主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east.（名词）He likes dancing.（代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) To see is to believe.（不定式）Seeing is believing.（动名词）What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 2.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 3.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher.（名词）She was very tired and looked it.（代词） Five and five is ten.（数词） He is asleep.（形容词）His father is in.（副词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词） To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式） The question is whether they will come. （表语从句） （常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）... It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 4.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China.（名词）He hates you.（代词）How many do you need? We need two.（数词） We should help the old and the poor. (形容词) I enjoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again.（不定式）Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句） 2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 5．宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor（名词）We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here.（名） We will make them happy（形容词）We found nobody in.(副词)Please make yourself at home.（介词短语）Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（带to不定式）Don’t keep the lights burning.（现在分词）I’ll have my bike repaired.（过分词） 6.主补：对主语的补充。 He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 7.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词）He is our friend.（代词） We belong to the third world.（数词）He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词） The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词) The boys playing football are in Class 2.（现在分词）The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过分） I have an idea to do it well.（不定式）You should do everything that I do. （定语从句） 8.状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和 让步。（以下例句按上述顺序排列） I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room. The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well. He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much. If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well. 9. 独立成分：与句子其他成分没有通常的语法关系，如插入语、感叹语、呼语等，一般用逗号将它与 句子隔开。如：He’s a nice person, to be sure. 肯定他是一个好人。 Strange to say, he did pass his exam after all. 说也奇怪，考试他竟然通过了。