高考英语各题型答题技巧攻略【语法填空题】

高考英语各题型答题技巧攻略【语法填空题】
高考英语各题型答题技巧攻略【语法填空题】

高考英语各题型答题技巧攻略【语法填空

题】

语法填空题

语法填空是近年来高考英语推出的一种新题型。这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法,甚至是句法上的运用才能,能更科学地反应学生的英语综合程度。

本题型分两种情形:

一种为已给单词提示;

一种为不给单词提示。

一、已给单词提示题型的技巧

此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握水平。单词形式变化主要有两种,一是词的形、数、式的变化,一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题,看是否需要应用复合的变化形式,这一点是很重要的。

技巧一:名词形式变化。

名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。

例:

There are many students living at school,the(child) houses are all far from schoo1.

由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数,且作为houses的定语,所以应用其所有格形式,故答案为child的复合变化形式复数的所有格children’s。

技巧二:动词形式变化。

动词的形式变化比较多,有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气),有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、从前分词)。

例:

A talk(give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.

句中的is written是整句的谓语,所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出,报告是未来作的,故用不定式;且报

告是give动作的承受者,故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式to be given。

技巧三:代词形式变化。

代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类,即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化,如no one/none、other/another等。例:

The king decided to see the painter by(he).

由介词by可以看出,横线处应填反身代词himself。

技巧四:形容词、副词比较级变化。

英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高等的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式,或通过加后缀一er和.est,或在词前Imore/less和most/least,且形容词的最高级还要冠以the。例:

I am (tall)than Liu Wen.He is the tallest students in my class.此题后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的学生,那我确定比他矮,所以不能用taller,只能用表示程度不如的less tall。

技巧五:数词形式变化。

数词的形式变化包含基数词、序数词,或加后缀一teen、ty的变化,甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式,以及one/two的特殊变化形式 once/twice

例:

To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses.My eldest son shall take a half,my second son shall take a (three).

从上下文持续起来懂得,这是一个分马的方案,大儿子分得a half,也就是一半或二分之一,那么二儿子应该得三分之一,所以要填入作分母的序数词third才干命中目标。

技巧六:词的派生。

词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的,派生现象主要产生在名词、

动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。

例:

Lious lost his wallet yesterday,SO he was very____(happiness).在这道题中,学生很轻易断定出该用形容词;钱包丢了,人应该是不开心的,所以要再加个前缀un,就成了unhappy。

二、未给单词提示题型的技巧

此类题难度较大,但也是有办法应付的。

技巧七:固定短语构造。

根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语,但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词熟视无睹才能命中答案。

例1:

The children were playing on the ground,enjoying____,dirty but happy.

从句中的happy可以猜出孩子们是开心的,所以应用enj0y oneself 短语,故其答案为themselves。

例2:

His boss was____angry as to fire him.

如果跳过横线后面的angry,就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so...as to...,所以,so是正解。

技巧八:从句引导词。

从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向,主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。

例1:

He did not done_____his father had asked him to do.

审题可知,横线所在为宾语从句的引导词,此引导词在从旬中充当宾语,且指物,所以是what。

例2:

Those_____want to go to the village must sign here.

经过察看可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词,进一步视察可知先行词为those,且指人,所以只能填入who,在定语从句中做主语。技巧九:短语动词结构。

短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语,此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。

例1:

The us consists____fifty states.

根据常识可知,美国由50个州组成,故横线处与前一词组合,表现由......组成,所以答案是of。

例2:

Mrs Baker was ill,so her daughter had to ask for leave to take_____of her.

生病需要人照顾,所以答案是care,与前后词构成take care of。技巧十:短语介词结构。

短语介词即多个词的组合。起介词作用的短语,如:except for,due to等。

例1:

Mr Smith took a plane to London____of taking a train.

此题中说到两种交通工具,所以可以理解此句有坐而不是坐的意思,故答案为instead,以构成介词短语instead of。

例2:

Just then,he saw a blackboard in_____of him.

细心观察,可以看出填人fr0nt即可构成in front of,此题得解。技巧十一:连词、关系短语结构。

常用的连词有and,or,but,so,for,while等,常用的关联短语有bothand...,eitheror...,neithernor...,not onlybut also...等。

例1:

Little Wang Jun could not go to school,_____his family was too

poor.

此处表示原因,引导的分句实在是一种说明解释,不是必定的因果关系,且前面有逗号隔开,所以填for。

例2:

____Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre.

横线处的词与后面可以形成both?and,故答案为Both。

技巧十二:冠词、介词和常用的副词。

冠词只能是在a,an,the之间判定;常用的介词有in,at,on,before,during等,通常考核固定搭配;副词的量仍是比较多,如:however,never,yet,much等。

例1:

Jackie likes to drive at____ high speed.

这里考查的是不定冠词的习习用法,答案为a,构成at a high speed,以高速开车。

例2:

Old Tom’s granddaughter used to visit him_____Saturday afternoon.

Saturday afternoon是指定的某天下午,所以不必介词in,而用on 才是正解。

例3:

Though Liu Qiang did the same work____Zhang Wen did,he got a lower pay______Zhang Wen.

第一条横线可由前面的the same断出用as,第二条横线则可由lower 断出比较意义,故答案为than。

例4:

It was only one day left,_____,his father had no idea to answer him.

观察上下句,可以看出是转折关系,且横线与前后用逗号隔开,消除but,所以答案是however。

技巧十三:上下文中呈现的相关词。

这一招是最为灵巧的,但也是最难的。学生能够依据上下文关联和本人积聚的知识,填入某个已涌现的词,或其反义词,或其同类的某个词。

答案的线索可能在本句,可能出现在上下相连的一句,还可能出现在比较远的处所上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句,则线索可能在上下段的首句;假如横线出现在某段的末句,则线索可能在上下段的末句,以此类推。

例:

Tony____travelling abroad,but dislikes staying home watching TV.

由第二句话中的dislikes可以判断,此横线处应该是填其反义词likes。

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