2016高考英语语法总结大全
高中高考英语语法总结大全
名词
名词概论
名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns)，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：
个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。
集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。
物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。
抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。归纳一下，名词的分类可以下图表示：
名词复数的规则变化
其它名词复数的规则变化
1) 以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数：
如：two Marys the Henrys
monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays
比较：层楼：storey ---storeys story---stories
2) 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：
a. 加s，如： photo---photos piano---pianos
radio---radios zoo---zoos；
b. 加es，如：potato—potatoes tomato—tomatoes
c. 均可，如：zero---zeros / zeroes
3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时：
a. 加s，如： belief---beliefs roof---roofs
safe---safes gulf---gulfs；
b. 去f, fe 加-ves，如：half---halves
knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves
wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves；
c. 均可,如：handkerchief:
handkerchiefs / handkerchieves
名词复数的不规则变化
1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth
mouse---mice man---men woman---women
注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。
如： an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，
其复数是the Bowmans。
2）单复同形如：
deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese
li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin
但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:
a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters
3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。
如： people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说
a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。
如： The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：
a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。
b. news 是不可数名词。
c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。
"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.
<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。
5) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜)trousers, clothes
若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双);suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 6）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼
不可数名词量的表示
1）物质名词
a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时。
比较：Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物。 (不可数)
These cakes are sweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。 (可数)
b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，名词可数。
This factory produces steel.(不可数)
We need various steels.(可数)
c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。
Our country is famous for tea.
我国因茶叶而闻名。
Two teas, please.
请来两杯茶。
2）抽象名词有时也可数。
four freedoms 四大自由
the four modernizations四个现代化
物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量。
如：
a glass of water 一杯水
a piece of advice一条建议
定语名词的复数
名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。
1) 用复数作定语。
如：sports meeting 运动会
students reading-room 学生阅览室
talks table 谈判桌
the foreign languages department 外语系
2) man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如：men workers women teachers
gentlemen officials
3) 有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。
如：goods train (货车)
arms produce武器生产
customs papers 海关文件
clothes brush衣刷
4) 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。如：two-dozen eggs两打/（二十四个鸡蛋)
a ten-mile walk 十里路
two-hundred trees 两百棵树
a five-year plan.一个五年计划
个别的有用复数作定语的，如： a seven-years child 不同国家的人的单复数
名词的格
在英语中有些名词可以加"'s"来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teacher's book。名词所有格的规则如下：
1）单数名词词尾加"'s"，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加"'s"，如the boy's bag 男孩的书包，men's room 男厕所。
2）若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加"'"，如：the workers' struggle工人的斗争。
3）凡不能加"'s"的名词，都可以用"名词+of +名词"的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。
4）在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barber's 理发店。
5）如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示"分别有"；只有一个's，则表示'共有'。
如：John's and Mary's room（两间）John and Mary's room（一间）
6）复合名词或短语，'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。
如：a month or two's absence
代词
人称代词的用法
1）人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语，例如：
John waited a while but eventually he went home.
约翰等了一会儿，最后他回家了。
John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.
约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽，还真是她。
说明：在复合句中，如果主句和从句主语相同，代词主语要用在从句中，名词主语用在主句中，例如：When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.
约翰一到就直接去银行了。
2）人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语，但在口语中也能作主语补语，第一人称在省略句中，还可以作主语，例如：
I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.
我看到她和他们在一起，至少我认为是她。（her做宾语，them做介词宾语，her作主语补语）
a. -- Who broke the vase?--谁打碎了花瓶？
b. -- Me.--我。（me作主语补语= It's me.）
说明：在上面两例句中，her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格，在正式文体中这里应为she 和I。
人称代词之主、宾格的替换
1) 宾格代替主格
a.在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not 后，多用宾语。
---- I like English.--我喜欢英语。
---- Me too.--我也喜欢。
---- Have more wine?--再来点酒喝吗?
---- Not me.--我可不要了。
b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中，常用宾格代替主格。但如果比较状语的谓语保留，则主语只能用主格。
He is taller than I/me.
He is taller than I am.
2) 主格代替宾格
a. 在介词but，except 后，有时可用主格代替宾格。
b. 在电话用语中常用主格。
---- I wish to speak to Mary. --我想和玛丽通话。
---- This is she. --我就是玛丽。
注意：在动词be 或to be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。
I thought it was she. 我以为是她。(主格----主格)
I thought it to be her.(宾格----宾格)
I was taken to be she.我被当成了她。(主格----主格)
They took me to be her.他们把我当成了她。 (宾格----宾格)
代词的指代问题
1）不定代词 anybody，everybody，nobody，anyone， someone， everyone，no one，及whoever和person在正式场合使用时，可用he, his, him代替。
Nobody came, did he?谁也没来，是吗?
2）动物名词的指代一般用it或they代替，有时也用he, she，带有亲切的感情色彩。
Give the cat some food. She is hungry.给这猫一些吃的。她饿了。
3）指代车或国家，船舶的名词，含感情色彩时常用she。
并列人称代词的排列顺序
1) 单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：
第二人称－> 第三人称－> 第一人称
you －> he/she; it -> I
You, he and I should return on time.
2) 复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：
第一人称－> 第二人称－> 第三人称
we－>you －>They
注意：在下列情况中，第一人称放在前面。
a. 在承认错误，承担责任时，
It was I and John that made her angry.
是我和约翰惹她生气了。
b. 在长辈对晚辈，长官对下属说话时，如长官为第一人称，如：I and you try to finish it.
c. 并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时，
d. 当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。
物主代词
1）物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用，例如：
John had cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.
约翰割破了手指，显而易见，他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。
物主代词有形容词性（my, your等）和名词性（mine, yours等）两种，形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。
名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的--'s属格结构，例如：
Jack's cap意为 The cap is Jack's.
His cap 意为 The cap is his.
2) 名词性物主代词的句法功能
a. 作主语，例如：
May I use your pen? Yours works better.
我可以用一用你的钢笔吗？你的比我的好用。
b. 作宾语，例如：
I love my motherland as much as you love yours.
我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。
c. 作介词宾语，例如：
Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.
你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话，而不能按你自己的意义去解释。
d. 作主语补语，例如：
The life I have is yours. It's yours. It's yours.我的生命属于你，属于你，属于你。
双重所有格
物主代词不可与 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等词一起前置，修饰一个名词，而必须用双重所有格。
公式为：
a, an, this, that +名词+of +名词性物主代词。如：
a friend of mine.
each brother of his.
反身代词
1）列表
2）做宾语
a. 有些动词需有反身代词
absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave
We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.我们昨晚玩得很开心。
Please help yourself to some fish.请你随便吃点鱼。
b. 用于及物动词+宾语+介词
take pride in, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth.
I could not dress (myself) up at that time.那个时候我不能打扮我自己。
注：有些动词后不跟反身代词， get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up等。
Please sit down.请坐。
3）作表语；同位语
be oneself: I am not myself today.我今天不舒服。
The thing itself is not important.事情本身并不重要。
4）在不强调的情况下，but, except, for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。如：No one but myself (me) is hurt.
注意：
a. 反身代词本身不能单独作主语。
(错) Myself drove the car.
(对) I myself drove the car.我自己开车。
b. 但在and, or, nor连接的并列主语中，第二个主语可用反身代词，特别是myself 作主语。Charles and myself saw it.
5）第二人称作宾语，要用反身代词。
You should be proud of yourself.你应为自己感到骄傲。
相互代词
1）相互代词只有each other和one another两个词组。他们表示句中动词所叙述的动作或感觉在涉及的各个对象之间是相互存在的，例如：
It is easy to see that the people of different cultures have always copied each other.
显而易见，不同文化的人总是相互借鉴的。
2）相互代词的句法功能：
a. 作动词宾语；
People should love one another. 人们应当彼此相爱。
b. 可作介词宾语；
Does bark, cocks crow, frogs croak to each other.吠、鸡鸣、蛙儿对唱。
说明：传统语法认为，相互关系存在于两个人或物之间用each other，存在于两个以上人和物之间用one another。现代英语中，两组词交替使用的实例也很多，例如：
He put all the books beside each other.
他把所有书并列摆放起来。
He put all the books beside one another.
他把所有书并列摆放起来。
Usually these small groups were independent of each other.
这些小团体通常是相互独立的。
c. 相互代词可加-'s构成所有格，例如：
The students borrowed each other's notes.
学生们互借笔记。
指示代词
1）指示代词分单数（this / that）和复数（these / those）两种形式，既可作限定词又可做代词，例如：
单数复数
限定词：This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers.
代词：This is Mary. Those are my teachers.
2) 指示代词的句法功能；
a. 作主语
This is the way to do it. 这事儿就该这样做。
b. 作宾语
I like this better than that. 我喜欢这个甚至那个。
c. 作主语补语
My point is this. 我的观点就是如此。
d. 作介词宾语
I don't say no to that. 我并未拒绝那个。
There is no fear of that.那并不可怕。
说明1：
指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人，例如：
(对)That is my teacher.那是我的老师。（ that作主语，指人）
(对)He is going to marry this girl.他要和这个姑娘结婚。（this作限定词）
(错)He is going to marry this.（this作宾语时不能指人）
(对)I bought this.我买这个。(this指物，可作宾语)
说明2：
That和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和 these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人，试比较：
(对) He admired that which looked beautiful.他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。
(对) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人）
(错) He admired that who danced well.（that作宾语时不能指人）
(对) He admired those who danced well.他赞赏跳舞好的人。（those指人）
(对) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。（those指物）
疑问代词
1）疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用，用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个：
指人： who, whom, whose
指物： what
既可指人又可指物： which
2）疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前，没有性和数的变化，除who之外也没有格的变化。what, which, whose还可作限定词。试比较：
疑问代词：Whose are these books on the desk? 桌上的书是谁的？
What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion? 美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的？限定词：Whose books are these on the desk? 桌上的书是谁的？
What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States? 哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国？
说明1：
无论是做疑问代词还是限定词，which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的，而which 则指在一定的范围内，例如：
Which girls do you like best? 你喜欢哪几个姑娘？
What girls do you like best? 你喜欢什么样的姑娘？
说明2：
Whom是who的宾格，在书面语中，它作动词宾语或介词宾语，在口语中作宾语时，可用who代替，但在介词后只能用whom, 例如：
Who(m) did you meet on the street?
你在街上遇到了谁？（作动词宾语）
Who(m) are you taking the book to?
你要把这书带给谁？（作介词宾语，置句首）
To whom did you speak on the campus?
你在校园里和谁讲话了？（作介词宾语，置介词后，不能用who取代。）
说明3：
疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时，过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首，现代英语中，疑问
代词在句首，介词在句未，例如：
For what do most people live and work?
大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么？（旧文体）
What are you looking for?
你在找什么？（现代英语）
说明4：
疑问代词还可引导名词性从句，例如：
I can't make out what he is driving at.
我不知道他用意何在。
Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?
你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗？
Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you.
你说的我大部分同意，但并不完全赞同。
关系代词
1）关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分，例如：The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。（该句中whom既代表先行词the girl，又在从句中作介词to的宾语。）
2）关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中，that 可指人也可指物，见下：
限定性非限定性限定性
指人指物指人或指物
主格 who which that
宾格 whom that that
属格 whose of which/whose of which/whose
例如：
This is the pencil whose point is broken.
这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。
(whose 指物，在限定性定语从句中作定语)
He came back for the book which he had forgotten.他回来取他丢下的书。
（which指物，在限定性定语从句中作宾语，可以省略）
3）关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子，例如：
He said he saw me there, which was a lie. 他说在那儿看到了我，纯属谎言。
说明：关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略，例如：
I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew. 我过去懂拉丁语，现在大都忘了。
He's changed. He's not the man he was. 他变化很大，已不是过去的他了。
every, no, all, both,...
1）不定代词有
all , both, every, each, either, neither, more, little, few, much, many, another, other, some, any , one, no 以及some, something, anything, everything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nothing , nobody, no one, none, everybody, everyone.等。
2）不定代词的功能与用法
a.除every 和no外不定代词既可用作名词，也可用作形容词。every和no在句中只能作定语。
I have no idea about it.
b. all 都，指三者以上。
all 的主谓一致：all的单复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定。
All goes well.一切进展得很好。
all 通常不与可数名词单数连用，如：不说 all the book，而说 the whole book。
但all可与表时间的可数名词单数连用，如 all day，all night，all the year；但习惯上不说 all hour，all century。
all还可以与一些特殊的单数名词连用，如 all China，all the city，all my life， all the way
3)both都，指两者。
a. both 与复数动词连用，但both… and…可与单数名词连用。
b. both, all 都可作同位语，其位置在行为动词前， be 动词之后。如果助动词或情态动词后面的实义动词省去，则位于助动词或情态动词之前。
Who can speak Japanese? We both (all) can.
4)neither两者都不
a. neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
b. 作定语与单数名词连用，但neither… nor 用作并列连词，可与复数名词连用。其谓语采用就近原则。
c.可用于下列句型，避免重复。
She can't sing，neither (can) he.
neither 与nor
d.如前句是否定式从句，则主句用neither，而不用 nor。
If you don't do it，neither should I.如果你不干，我也不干。
e. 如后连续有几个否定句式，则用nor，不用neither。
He can't sing，nor dance，nor skate.
none, few, some, any,...
一、 none 无
1) none作主语，多与of 构成短语 none of。在答语中，none可单独使用。
Are there any pictures on the wall? None.
2) none作主语，谓语动词单复数均可。但如做表语，则其单复数与表语一致。
It is none of your business.
二、few 一些，少数
few 作主语时，谓语动词用复数，多用于肯定句。
三、some 一些
1) 可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。
2) 当做 "某一"解时，也可与单数名词连用。（= a certain）
You will be sorry for this some day.
总有一天，你会后悔这件事的。
A certain (some) person has seen you break the rule.
某些人不同意你的看法。
注意：
(1)在肯定疑问句中用some代替any。
(2)some用于其他句式中:
a.肯定疑问句中：说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到肯定回答时。
Would you like句式中，表委婉请求或建议，如：
Would you like some coffee?
b.在条件状语从句中表示确定的意义时，如：
If you need some help，let me know.
c. some位于主语部分,
Some students haven't been there before.
d.当否定的是整体中的部分时，some可用于否定句。如：
I haven't heard from some of my old friends these years.
这些年我没有收到一些老朋友的信。
四、any 一些
1)any 多用于否定句和疑问句和条件状语从句中。
当句中含有任何的意思时，any可用于肯定句。
Here are three novels. You may read any.这有三本小说，你可任读一本。
五、one, ones 为复数形式
ones必须和形容词连用。如果替代的名词时无形容词在前，则用some, any，而不用ones。
Have you bought any rulers? Yes，I 've bought some.
代词比较辩异one, that和it
one表示泛指，that和it 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而it 与所指名词为同一个。
I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one.(不定)
我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。
The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.(同类但不同个)
你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。
I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it.( 同一物)
我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。
one/another/the other
one… the other只有两个
some… the others有三个以上
one… another，another…
some… others，others…
others = other people/things
the others = the rest剩余的全部
1) 泛指另一个用another。
2) 一定范围内两人(物)，一个用one，另一个用the other。
3) 一定范围内三者，一个用one，另一个用one (another)，第三个可用the other，a third。
4) 一定范围内，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用the others。
5) 泛指别的人或物时，用others当在一定范围内，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全部时，也用others。
"the"的妙用
He is one of the students who help me.
He is the one of the students who helps me.
他是帮我的学生之一。
第一句定语从句与the students 一致。
第二句定语从句与the one 一致。
anyone/any one;...
1．anyone 和 any one
anyone仅指人，any one既可指人，也可指物。
2．no one 和none
a)none 后跟of短语，既可指人又可指物，而no one只单独使用，只指人。
b)none 作主语，谓语动词用单，复数均可，而no one作主语谓语动词只能是单数。
None of you could lift it. 你们中没有人可举起它。
---- Did any one call me up just now?--刚才有人打电话给我吗?
---- No one.--没有。
3．every 和each
1)every 强调全体的概念， each强调个体概念。
Every student in our school works hard.我们学校的学生都很用功。
Each student may have one book..每个学生都可有一本书。
2)every 指三个以上的人或物(含三个)，each指两个以上的人或物 (含两个)。
3)every 只作形容词，不可单独使用。each可作代词或形容词。
Every student has to take one.
Each boy has to take one.
Each of the boys has to take one.
4)every不可以作状语，each可作状语。
5)every 有反复重复的意思，如 every two weeks等； each没有。
6)every 与not 连用，表示部分否定； each 和not连用表示全部否定。
Every man is not honest. 并非每个人都诚实。
Each man is not honest.这儿每个人都不诚实。
both, either, neither,...
这些词都可用作代词或形容词。其位置都在be 动词之后，行为动词之前或第一助动词之后。
1)both (两者都)，either(两者中任何一个)， neither (两者都不)。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。
2) both，either
both与复数连用，either与单数连用。
Both the boys are clever.两个男孩都很聪明。
Either of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。
There are flowers on both sides of the street.
(两岸)
There are flowers on either side of the street.
(岸的两边)
路边长满了野花。
3) all (所有的，全部的人或物)，any (任何一个)， none (都不)。以上词使用范围为三者以上。All the flowers are gone.所有的花都谢了。
I don't like any of the flowers.这些花我都不喜欢。
I like none of the flowers.这些花我都不喜欢。
注意：all与none用法一样。跟单数名词，用单数动词；跟复数名词，用复数动词。
All of the students are there.
所有的学生都在那。
All (of) the milk is there.
所有的牛奶都在那。
many, much
Many，much都意为"许多"， many + 可数名词，much + 不可数名词。
How many people are there at the meeting?
How much time has we left?
Many of the workers were at the meeting.
Much of the time was spent on learning.
few, little, a few,...
(a) few + 可数名词, (a) little + 不可数名词
a few / a little 为肯定含义，还有一点
few / little为否定含义，没有多少了。
He has a few friends.他有几个朋友。
He has few friends.他几乎没有朋友。
We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。
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高中英语语法权威解析 目录: 第０１章名词性从句 第0２章“Iｔ”用法及其句型与固定搭配讲解 第03章高中英语语法中得省略现象 第04章主谓一致 第05章动词不定式 第06章倒装结构 第07章定语从句 第０8章被动语态 第09章祈使句 第10章感叹句 第１1章疑问句 第12章名词 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用得句子叫名词性从句(Ｎｏun Cｌaｕsｅs)。名词性从句得功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同得语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句与同位语从句、一. 主语从句 主语从句就是在复合句中充当主语得从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语与ｉt引导强调句得比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要就是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句得连接词没有变化、而i ｔ引导得强调句则就是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调得就是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/ｗｈｏｍ、例如: ａ) It isａpitｙｔhaｔyoｕｄidn’t go ｔo seｅｔhｅｆilm.您不去瞧那场电影真可惜。 b) It doeｓn’tｉntereｓt me whethｅrｙou sｕｃceed or not、我对您成功与否不感兴趣、 c) Ｉｔisｉn thｅｍoｒnｉng thaｔｔｈe ｍurder took place. 谋杀案就是在早上发生得、(强调句型) d) Ｉt is Joｈn tｈat broke ｔｈeｗｉｎdow。就是Joｈn打碎得窗户。(强调句型) 2、用ｉt 作形式主语得结构 (1)It is + 名词＋从句 It is ａfaｃt tｈat…事实就是… Ｉt ｉs an honor ｔhat …非常荣幸 It ｉｓｃommon knowlｅdge ｔhat …就是常识 (2)Ｉt is + 形容词+从句 It is naturａl thａt…很自然… It ｉｓstrａｎｇe that…奇怪得就是…(3) It ｉｓ＋不及物动词+ 从句 Ｉｔｓｅems thａｔ…似乎… Ｉt ｈappeneｄthat…碰巧… Iｔappeaｒs that…似乎…
2016高考英语真题改错语法填空新编带答案
2016年高考英语改错题汇总 (2016 1卷)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to _____ 1 live. ________not very big , the restaurant is popular in our area. It is always ________(crowd) with customers at meal times. Some people even have to wait outside. My uncle _______(tell) me that the key _____ his success is honesty. Every day he makes sure that fresh ________(vegetable) and high quality oil are used for _______(cook). My uncle says that he ________ dreams of becoming rich in a short period of time. Instead, he hopes that _____ business will grow _______(steady). (2016 2卷)The summer holiday is ________(come). My classmates and I are talking about ______ to do during the holiday. We can choose between staying at home and ______(take) a trip. _____ we stay at home, it is comfortable _______ there is no need to spend money. _______ in that case, we will learn little about the world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can ________(broad) our view and gain knowledge we cannot get from ________(book). Some classmates suggest we go to ________(place) of interest nearby. I think that it is a good idea. It ___________ cost much, yet we can still learn a lot. (2016 3卷)The teenage years from 13 to 19 _______(be) the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and worst years in my life. At first, I _________(think) I knew everything and could make decisions ________ myself. ___________, my parents didn’t seem to think _______. They always told me what to do and ___________ to do it. At one time , I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be free from them. I showed them I was ____________(independence) by wearing strange _________(cloth). Now I am ___________(leave) home for college. At last, I will be on _______(I) own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever I need help. （2016四川） It is Mother’s Day today.Though it’s a ________(west) festival, it’s popular in China now. Mom has a full-time job, _______ she has to do most of the housework. She is a great mother._______ Dad and I planned to do something ______ Mother’s Day.We ________(get) up early in the morning.Dad cleaned the house,_______ then went shopping.________ he came back,I found a bunch of flowers in his hand.I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in the kitchen.The dishes I cooked ______(be) Mom’s fa vorite. At dinner,we said to her,“Happy _________(mother) Day！”Mom was grateful and__________( move). （2016浙江） When I was a very young child, my father _______(creat) a regular practice I remember _______(good) years later. _________ time he arrived home at the end of the day ,we’d greet h im at the door. He would ask _____ we were and pretend not to know us, Then he and my mother would have a drink ________ she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and _______(her). While they ________(chat), my father would lift my sister and me up to sit ______ the top of the fridge. It was both exciting and __________(frighten) to be up there！ My sister and I thought he was so cool for_______ (put) us there. 2016年高考英语改错题汇总及答案 (2016 1卷)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that 1 live. Though not very big ,but the restaurant is popular in our area. It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.
高考英语语法填空专题练习(24篇)含答案
高中英语语法填空练习（24篇） 阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡上标号的相应位置。 （1） In the United States, there were 222 people 1.__________（report）to be billionaires（亿万富翁）in 2003. The 2.__________of these is Bill Gates, worth at least $ 41 billion, who made his money 3.__________starting the company Microsoft. Mr. Gates was only 21 years old 4.__________he first helped to set up the company in 1976. He was a billionaire 5. __________the time he was 6.__________, there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even 7.__________（young）ages. Other young people who have struck it rich include Jackie Coogan and Shirley Temple. 8.__________of these child actors made over a million dollars9.__________（act）in movies before they were 14. But10.__________ youngest billionaire is Albert von Thurn und Taxis of Germany, who, in 2001, inherited （继承）a billion dollars when he turned 18! （2） Finishing their shopping at the mall, a couple discovered that their new car 1.__________（steal）. They filed a report 2.__________the police station and a detective drove them 3.__________to the parking lot to look for evidence. To their 4.__________（amaze）, the car had been returned 5.__________there was a note in it that said: “I apologize for taking your ca r. My wife was having a baby and I had to rush her to the 6.__________. Please forget the inconvenience. There are two tickets 7.__________tonight's Mania Twain concert.” Their faith in humanity restored. The couple attended8.__________concert. But when they returned home, they immediately found. 9.__________their house had been ransacked （洗劫）. On the bathroom mirror was 10.__________note: “I have to put my kid through college somehow, don't I?” （3） People 1.__________（live）in different countries made different kinds of words. Today there are about fifteen hundred 2.__________in the world. Each contains many thousands of words. A very large dictionary,
高考英语语法知识点总结
专题一定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom 指人在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物在从句中作定语 as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which 或of which+the+名词 2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个 （2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 C、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 3、but用作关系代词，相当于who/that…not 例：In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng. 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 5、当先行词是数词时. 6、当先行词既指人又指物时。 7、如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用that。 8、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。 9、被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that。 10、先行词为what，关系代词用that。
初中英语语法大全(总结篇)
资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西）eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心；小心 33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名
(完整word版)2016—2018年高考全国卷英语语法填空
A （2018全国一卷） According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long 62 (see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.While running regatesalstly cann't make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause). The best exercise is one that you enjoy and wi ll do. But otherwise… it's probably running. To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to 68 (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap,easy and it's always 69 (energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try. B （2018全国二卷） Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country 61 （grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. A taste for meat is 63 (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 65 rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased 66 (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67 (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government 68 (start) a soil-testing program 69 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while 70 (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele. C （2018全国三卷） I'm not sure 61 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 62 top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the 63 (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 64 (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel 65 (challenge).