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英译汉时应注意以下几个方面：

1．总的原则

(1)翻译时既要忠实于原文，又要符合汉语的习惯

(2)翻译不可太拘泥。拘泥、刻板的翻译因死守原文语言形式而损害了原文思想内容。好的译文应该是形式与内容的统一

(3)能够直译尽量不意译

(4)翻译的过程应该是先理解后表达。

现就这一点作进一步论述。

2．结合英文写作特点对语言进行整体理解

首先，英文段落的首句一般为topic sentence，然后展开说明。展开的写法有多种，可分可总，可下定义，可同义重复，可以代词复指等。利用这一技巧，先通读全文，便能更好的理解文章的意思，把握段与段之间的关系，在翻译时就能在上下文中确定词义，从而进行准确的翻译。

其次，就具体而言：

(1)对词的理解可以从构思法、词的搭配关系和词汇之间的逻辑关系等方面入手

(2)对句子的理解可以从句子的内在逻辑、成分之间

的从属关系和句子的语法组成等方面来实现

(3)对于长句，可采用如下译法：

顺译法：按照原文顺序译

逆续法：顺序与原文顺序相反

重复法：重复前一个词

分译法：一个句子分成几个部分来翻译

括号法：在译文后加括号进行解释和说明等

终合法：综合运用上述各种方法

3．表达正确理解原文后，还要通过适当的翻译技巧用规范的汉语表达出来。这些技巧有：

(1)增词法。根据需要增加一些词语，如名词等

(2)减词法。根据汉语习惯，删去一些词

(3)肯否表达法。原文为肯定句，译成汉语是为增强修饰效果，可以译为否定句。反之亦然

(4)变换法，名词译成动词或动词转译成名词等

(5)分合法。一个长句可分成若干部分来译，或者把原文的几个简单句用一个句子表达出来。

(6)省略法：两种语言由于存在差异，表达时不可能总是对等，经常可以省略一些词和句子成分，如英语中的冠词汉语里没有，译时可以省略。

4．应试中还应注意的问题

(1)词的指代问题要搞清楚

(2)汉语知识的应用，如修辞等

(3)部分否定和否定重点。部分否定，如not all; 否定重点，如I don”t teach because I have knowledge. (我并非因为有知识才去教书) 。否定重点为because, 而不是teach。

(4)虚拟语气。这种语法现象有时并非只表示字面意思，它经常有感情色彩，译时要注意。

(5)要认真地通读全文，根据上下文来确定词义、句意，切不可断章取义，望文生义。

5．核对原文

既要核对译文是否准确、通顺，还要注意关键词的采分点。同时不要忘记全文结构的表达，这部分还有0.5分呢。

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