小升初英语语法辨析:方位介词

小升初英语语法辨析:方位介词
小升初英语语法辨析:方位介词

小升初英语语法辨析:方位介词

1.at,in,on

at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如:

HearrivedinShanghaiyesterday.他昨天到上海。

Theyarrivedatasmallvillagebeforedark.他们在天黑前到达一个小村庄。

Thereisabigholeinthewall.墙上有个大洞。

Theteacherhungapictureonthewall.老师把一幅画挂在墙上。

2.over,above,on

over,on和above都可表示“在……上面”,但具体含义不同。Over表示位置高于某物,在某物的正上方,其反义词是under。above也表示位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,其反义词是below。On指两个物体表面接触,一个在另一的上面。例如:

Thereisabridgeovertheriver.河上有一座桥。

Weflewabovetheclouds.我们飞越云层。

Theyputsomeflowersontheteacher’sdesk.他们把一些花放在讲桌上。

3.across,through

across和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”,但用法不同。Across的含义与on有关,表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。Through的含义与in有关,表示动作是在三维空间进行。例如:

Thedogranacrossthegrass.狗跑过草地。

Theboyswamacrosstheriver.那男孩游过河。

Theywalkedthroughtheforest.他们穿过森林。

Ipushedthroughthecrowds.我挤过人群。

4.infrontof,inthefrontof

infrontof表示“在某人或某物的前面”,在某个范围以外;inthefrontof表示“在……的前部”,在某个范围以内。例如:

Therearesometalltreesinfrontofthebuilding.大楼前有一些高大的树。

Theteacherissittinginthefrontoftheclassroom.老师坐在教室前面。

5.among,between

两者都含有“在……中间”的意思。一般说法是:among用于“三者或三者以上之间”,而between则用于“两者之间”。

例如:

Iboughtthreehundredeggsandtherewasnotasinglebadonea mongthem.我买了三百鸡蛋,里面一个坏的也没有。

What’sthedifferencebetweenAsianelephantsandAfrican elephants?亚洲象与非洲象有什么不同?

不过这个定义过于简单。Oxford上对于两者的解释是:”Among”isusedofpeopleorthingsconsideredasagroup.“Between”isusedofpeopleorthings,eith ertwoinnumberormo rethantwoconsideredindividually.

1)among除了表示多于两者之间的关系外,更重要是它表达了“在其中”的意思。究竟是多少人或事并不重要,因为他们/它们已经被视为一体。例如:

Hestoodamongthecrowd.他站在人群中。

Thereisathiefamongyou.你们中间有一个是小偷。

Shedividedthemoneyamongherthreechildren.她把钱分给了她的三个孩子。

2)Between可用于“三者或三者以上之间”,指每个人或物与别的每个人或物分别发生联系,例如:

AtreatywassignedbetweenGreatBritain,FranceandtheUni tedStates.英国同法国、美国分别有协定。

-3-

EcuadorliesbetweenColumbia,Peru,andthePacificOcean.厄瓜多尔位于哥伦比亚、秘鲁和太平洋之间。

3)Between在表示“合作、协力”的意义时,其宾语不受所涉及到的个体数目的限制。例如:

Thethreechildrensavedoverahundredpoundsbetweenthem.三个孩子一共赚了一百多英镑。

Thethreementriedtolifttheboxbetweenthem.三个人一齐用力想把箱子抬起来。

Among也有相同的用法:

Theyfinishedtheworkamongthemselves.他们共同完成了这项工作。

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