高三建平中学月考卷

高三建平中学月考卷
高三建平中学月考卷

2020届建平中学高三语文月考试卷(2019.10)

一积累应用(10分)

1、按要求填空。(5分)

(1)无求生以害仁,_________________。(《论语·__________________》)

(2)_____________,献愁供恨,玉簪螺髻。(辛弃疾《水龙吟·登建康赏心亭》)

(3)朱自清《松堂游记》:好了,月亮上来了,却又让云遮去了一半,老远的躲在树缝里,像个乡下姑娘,羞答答的。从前人说“____________,___________”,真有点儿!(白居易《琵琶行》)

2、按要求选择。(5分)

(1)碰到曾经见过面,但认识不深的人时,有下列四种打招呼的方式,不恰当的一项是()(2分)

A.“你好,你还记得我吗?”

B.“你好,我是XXX,你还记得我吗?”

C.“你好,我是XXX,真高兴,我们又见面了。”

D.“你好,我是XXX,真高兴,你不会不记得我了吧?”

(2)罗董事长的三位朋友分别在今天过七十大寿、乔迁新居、分店开幕。如果你是董事长的秘书,下面三幅对联该如何送才恰当,请选择恰当的一项()(3分)

(甲)大启而宇,长发其祥

(乙)交以道接以礼,近者悦远者来

(丙)室有芝兰春自永,人如松柏岁长新

A.甲送乔迁新居者;乙送分店开幕者;丙送过七十大寿者

B.甲送分店开幕者;乙送乔迁新居者;丙送过七十大寿者

C.甲送过七十大寿者;乙送乔迁新居者;丙送分店开幕者

D.甲送过七十大寿者;乙送;丙送乔迁新居者分店开幕者

二阅读(70分)

(一)阅读下文,完成第3—7题。(16分)

思想的空间

①思想需要空间,这是我在多年阅读以后忽然领悟的道理。尽管孔夫子早已说过“学而不思则罔”,叔本华也教导我们“不要让自己的头脑成为别人思想的跑马场”,但背名言是一回事,明晰其中的道理又是一回事。处在信息爆炸的时代,我们真的感到了为信息所驱使、所淹没的苦恼;读也读不完的书,看也看不完的报,使我们整天手不释卷,疲于奔命,依然欠下一屁股书债。望着日渐膨胀的书柜,总有几分莫名的惭愧和惆怅。虽说有些书本来是为了收藏的,但藏而不读的书正如存而不用的钞票,到底是一种资源,还是一种浪费呢?

②我们时时为此苦恼着。

③作为思想的载体,信息是无形的财富,是战略的资源。□

④如今的时代号称是信息爆炸的时代,即使是在信息不甚发达的中国,每天也有两千多份报纸、上百种图书在印刷机上滚动,单是长篇小说,据说就已达日产两部的速度。不要说读,哪怕翻一翻,恐怕也要加快速度才行。大大小小的电视台,更是如凶猛的怪兽,时时考验着我们抵御诱惑的能力。更不要说小小寰宇正日益成为地球村,密密麻麻的因特网,打鱼似地将我们一网打尽,使我们只能在既广大又狭小的空间里挣扎。久而久之,我们不再是一株会思想的芦苇,而成为一只地道的网虫。

⑤信息时代造就了批量的信息傻瓜。他们无所不知,又一无所知。在电视机前打瞌睡、在报纸缝里觅趣闻,是这一代“文化人”常见的姿态。他们看起来倒也刻苦,但有点像伊索笔下那只犹豫不决的驴子;从一堆草料跑到另一堆草料,不知究竟先吃哪一堆更好。不同的是,那只可怜的驴子死在选择的不确定上,而我们多半要死在无力消化上。或者说,我们的肉体虽然没有被信息撑死,但精神早已丧失,与死去又有多少差别呢?

⑥英国路透社下属的一家公司,对1300名欧洲各国的企业经理进行调查,有40%以上的被调查者承认,由于每天要处理的信息超过他们分析和处理能力,使他们的决策效率受到影响。调查人员认为,目前收集不少信息所耗费的成本已经超过了信息本身的价值。据美国国际商用机器公司的测算,许多企业花费昂贵代价建立起来的数据库,只有7%真正派上了用场。仅在英国由于信息过剩导致的工作效率下降,每年就要浪费3000万个工作日,折算下来,相当于30多亿美元的经济损失。

⑦信息技术的飞速发展,特别是因特网的迅速普及,使得信息采集与传播的速度和规模达到空前水平。据统计,近30年来,人类生产的信息已超过过去5000年的信息生产总和。汹涌而来的信息让人无所适从。信息上瘾与信息过剩现象反映了知识经济时代在提供机会的同时所带来的问题和挑战。在瑞士达沃斯举行的世界经济论坛上,一法国信息专家罗斯奈呼吁,要像节制午餐一样进行“信息节食”,使自己真正成为信息的主人,而不是它的俘虏。

⑧苏格拉底说过,未经省察的生活是不值得过的。我想套用一句:未经思考的阅读是没有意义的。美国人从今年4月22日开始发起“一周不看电视”运动,迅速得到31个州的美国医生协会、小学校长协会、教师联盟等团体的广泛声援。我以为,不仅电视可以拒绝,过多的低质量的报纸可以拒绝,甚至大量泛滥的普通书籍也完全可以拒绝。吾生有涯,而学也无涯,怎能让思想和生命在低俗的阅读中消解和浪费?没有思想,就没有创造;没有创造,就没有人类的未来。给思想留下空间,就是给创造留下空间,就是给我们的未来留下希望。

3.第①段中作者“惭愧和惆怅”的原因是指________(2分)

4.把下列语句组织起来填入第③段方框中,语意连贯的一项是()。(3分)

①思想的屋宇如果被功名利禄的算计充斥

②但财富的巨大诱惑常常让人沉溺其中不能自拔,过分膨胀的资源有时也会变成过重的负担

③结果大概也只能走到思想的反面

④当然失去了思考的余地

⑤思想的空间如果为各种杂多的信息霸占,使头脑和世事之间没有丝毫的距离

A.⑤④①③②

B.①③②⑤④

C.②①④⑤③

D.②⑤③①④

5.第④段作者分析“中国”的现状的原因(3分)

6.下面对第⑤和第⑦段中划线词语的意思理解不正确的一项是()。(3分)

A.“信息傻瓜”指占有大量信息却不知何为有效信息,看似无所不知实际一无所知的人。

B.“文化人”有嘲讽意味,是品位低俗“在电视机前打瞌睡、在报纸缝里觅趣闻”之人。

C.“犹豫不决的驴子”是指在多元信息选择面前无所适从、无力消化,精神沦丧之人。

D.“信息节食”指虽然身处信息爆炸时代,但不为所累,断然拒绝、超然局外的言行。

7.从议论逐层展开的角度,概述本文的行文思路。(4分)

(二)阅读下文,完成8—11题。(14分)

老屋祭

李汉荣

②自从搬了新家,很多年没回老屋了,再加上我又久在异地,所以住了几十年的老屋的影像竟在我的脑海里,变得模糊起来。

③记忆里老房子比我的年纪还大。听奶奶说,老房子是民国时期建的,是祖爷爷建起来的,据说他是个大地主,这一代的房子,全部是他家的,后来二爷爷用卖花生赚的钱买了这所房子。再后来,二爷爷在城里有了工作,自己又建了一所房子,这座老房子就归了我家。老屋一共五间,中间是隔开的,奶奶一个人住东边两间。房子是土坯的,只有房子的地基是砖垒成的,是那种古绿古绿的砖。因为久经风雨,红色的瓦砾上稀稀疏疏地长了些茅草,微风一吹,草绿色的种子四处飘散,来年的时候,又会是芳草萋萋。

④老屋的门是暗绿色的,屋门上的几块玻璃,有的已经破了半边。屋顶覆以苇子编成的席子,椽子很黑,黑的油光发亮,因为日久天长,烟熏缭绕,有的地方甚至能滴下油来。屋子很小,即使是白天屋里的光线也很暗,窗框是木头做的,纸糊的窗棂被风一吹沙沙作响。窗户外面是一颗老枣树,记不清它的年纪了,反正自打我记事起,这棵枣树就年年结出累累硕果,一到秋天,红红的枣子青春便醉了我的青春,我的梦想。白天的时候,硕大的树冠便遮蔽了半个老屋。下午,当慵懒的阳光斜斜地射进来,透过密密的树叶间隙碎碎点点的落在白色的窗棂上,如星星,又如小花,空灵静雅,如幻如梦。

⑤小时候老屋是我快乐的源泉。那时候村里很穷,家里也很穷,电灯经常没电,停电的时候就点上油灯或蜡烛,当然,蜡烛也是奢侈品,偶尔的时候也点上支。油灯的油是柴油,就是老人们说的“洋油”,灯芯是棉花做的。夜深人静的夜晚,昏黄色的光晕顿时洒满了小屋,细细的火苗伴着些许的黑烟,袅袅地飘向屋顶。每每这时,父亲总是喜欢点上一支廉价的香烟,坐在小桌旁,深深地吸上一口,然后惬意地吐出缭绕的烟气。橘红色的灯光,照着他古铜色的脸颊,额头上密密的皱纹一道一道的舒展开来,每每此时,我便觉得也许那时便是他最快乐的时候。

⑥屋里的摆设极其简单,外屋中央摆着一张八仙桌和两张老式的藤椅,因为有些年头了,上面的漆掉了许多,斑驳陆离的表面上有些细碎的小坑,上面沾满了油渍和灰尘。里屋摆着一张桌子和一个长方形大柜子,据说是母亲的随嫁品,木质很好,用了这么多年还完好无损。柜子里除了放衣服,还有一些好吃的东西,小时候因为馋,常常偷偷地掀开柜子拿东西吃。西面是一个土炕,和东北的大炕差不多,冬天冷的时候,烧火做饭,灶台的热气就会顺着通道涌进土炕里,睡在上面十分舒适和暖和。

⑦春天的时候,院子里的那棵老枣树,结出嫩嫩的细芽,一场春雨过后,便长出椭圆形的叶子;夏天的时候,白色的小花簇满了枝头,浓郁的芳香引来成群的蜜蜂,嗡嗡地穿梭于细密的小花间。花谢后,便结出青绿的小枣子,起初还不如绿豆大,后来竟长成如大拇指肚大小的椭圆形枣子;秋天,枣子渐渐地由青变白,由白再变红,到了金秋八九月间,红彤彤的枣子便挂满了树梢间,犹如一颗颗光彩夺目的红宝石镶嵌在硕大的树冠上。每年这个季节,

便是我们兄妹三个最快乐的日子。每天放学回家,我就蹭蹭地爬上树,站在树杈上,抓一把红枣塞进嘴里,醉人的香甜嗖的一下从嘴里甜到心里,继而传遍整个神经末梢。妹妹够不着,便仰着脖子在树底下等我晃一下枝头,然后噼里啪啦的下起枣子雨,妹妹提着小竹篮,一边吃,一边捡,那种情形至今回想起来,心里还有说不出的兴奋和感动。

⑧老屋院子很小,小的养上牛、猪、狗、鸡等家禽、家畜以后就挤得满满的。来人的时候,鸡犬相鸣,其乐融融。东边的院墙很矮,隔壁院子里长着一棵老槐树,夏天的时候,槐花穿过矮矮的院墙,小小的院落里便飘满了槐花的香味,抓一把槐花放在嘴里,又香又甜,回味无穷,直到现在还一直陶醉童年时代的槐花香里。

⑨然而,就像歌里唱得那样,岁月就像一把无情刻刀,不知不觉改变了我们的模样,也在潜移默化中改变了我们最初的梦想。父亲早早地盖上了新房,原本想我学业上没有成就的话,就给我娶上一个媳妇,做一个本分的庄稼人。可是我上了大学,在另一个城市找了工作,买了房子,于是父亲就搬离了老房子,住进了新家。然而,人一上了年纪,心里就越放不下东西,就越舍不得住了几十年的老房子。一有空的时候,父亲就常回老房子转悠。还经常拾掇拾掇这里,再拾掇拾掇那里,房子漏雨了他就爬上房顶盖盖塑料布,土墙掉皮了就再泥泥。我说过父亲很多次了,“房子既然没人住了,倒了就倒了吧,反正早晚要倒,就让它倒了吧。”可父亲依然倔强地多次回到老房子里修修补补。过年的时候,我回了趟老家,到承载着我儿时的梦想的老房子里转了转,看了看。因为很久没有住人了,院子里长满了荒草,门前的那棵老枣树已经没有了踪影,地上依稀还能看见几片枯萎凌乱的枣树叶。土坯垒成的院墙终于倒了,只留下南面一段孤零零的门楼,还有那扇写着“忠”字的黑漆漆的大门……

⑩如今,成群的鸡鹅不见了,成片成片的白杨树栽满了小小的院落,错落有致。房屋白色的墙皮已经脱落的伤痕累累,房顶的茅草长得一尺多高,有的地方已经塌陷了一个窟窿,露出了一角苍白的天空。枣树已然没有了,可屋子依然很黑,很静,静得可以听到自己的心跳,唯有起风的时候,几篇残留的白色窗棂发出沙沙的响声,像是在诉说着久远的故事……我给父亲说,老屋的院墙倒了,父亲听了嘴角动了动,没有说话。但是,久久的沉默和那一声重重的叹息,让我的心酸酸的。我知道父亲舍不得老屋,舍不得几十年的眷恋。可是有些东西,随着岁月的流逝,终究会被风化的。父辈们总喜欢回忆过去,年轻人喜欢畅想未来,这也许就是我和父亲的观念不同的原因之一吧。

?也许,老屋在我的眼里,只是一件过了时的艺术品,我们只能在远远地驻足凝望,却永远走不进它,而在父亲的心里,却是一种厚重情感的积淀,只有他能走近它,读懂它,欣赏它,感受它无与伦比的震撼。

?老屋的院墙终于倒了,唯有两扇黑漆漆的大门和几间残破的土坯房还矗立在那里,还有一些憔悴的记忆留在风中……

8.赏析文中第①段画线句的表达效果。(3分)

9.根据文意具体阐释对第⑤段画线句“小时候老屋是我快乐的源泉”的理解。(3分)

10.文中多处写到“枣树”,简析其作用。(4分)

11.结合文意,赏析文章标题“老屋祭”的作用。(4分)

(三)阅读下面的词,完成第12—14题。(8分)

________·盟鸥

辛弃疾

带湖吾甚爱,千丈翠奁开。先生杖屦无事,一日走千回。凡我同盟鸥鸟,今日既盟之后,来往莫相猜。白鹤在何处,尝试与偕来。

破青萍,排翠藻,立苍苔。窥鱼笑汝痴计,不解举吾杯。废沼荒丘畴昔。明月清风此夜,人世几欢哀。东岸绿阴少,杨柳更须栽。

[注]作于淳熙九年(1182年)作者被弹劾落职闲居带湖之初。

12.从本作品的表达格式判断,标题空格处可以填入的是()。(1分)

A.雨霖铃

B.水调歌头

C.八声甘州

D.山坡羊

13.以下说法对作品理解正确的一项是()。(3分)

A.盟鸥、白鹤皆是湖边栖鸟,作者与它们的结盟更表达出对自然自由的渴望。

B.上片运用比喻、夸张,拟人等修辞手法,尽写带湖美景和我之爱甚。

C.下片首句,描写词人泛舟湖边之景,表达自由闲适之趣。

D.作者虽被弹劾闲居,却并不忧愁苦闷,反而尽显快乐自得,豁达愉悦之情。

14.请从抒情的角度,结合具体内容加以赏析。(4分)

(四)阅读下文,完成第15—20题。(18分)

陈咸传

①万年子咸字子康,年十八,有异材,抗直,数言事,刺讥近臣,书数十上,迁为左曹。万年尝病,召咸教戒于床下,语至夜半,咸睡,头触屏风。父大怒,欲杖之,曰:“乃公教戒汝,汝反睡,不听吾言,何也?”咸叩头谢曰:“具晓所言,大要教咸谄也。”父乃不复言。

②万年死后,元帝擢咸为御史中丞,课第诸刺史,内执法殿中,公卿以下皆敬惮之。是时中书令石显用事专权,咸颇言显短,显等恨之。时槐里令朱云残酷杀不辜,有司举奏,未下。咸素善云,云从刺候,教令上书自讼。于是石显微伺知之,白奏咸漏泄省中语,下狱掠治,减死,髡为城旦,因废。

③大将军王凤以咸前指言石显,有忠直节,奏请咸补长史。复为南阳太守。所居以杀伐立威。督作剧,不胜痛,自绞死,岁数百千人,久者虫出腐烂,家不得收。其治放严延年,其廉不知。咸所居调发属县所出食物以自奉养,奢侈玉食。然操持掾史,郡中长吏皆令闭门自敛,不得逾法。公移敕书曰:“使各欲求所自快,是一郡百太守也,何得然哉!”下吏畏之,豪强摄服,然亦以此见废。咸,三公子,少显名于朝廷,而翟方进、孔光等仕宦绝在咸后,皆以廉俭先至公卿,而咸滞于郡守。

④王音辅政,信用陈汤。咸数赂遗汤,后竟征入为少府。少府多宝物,属官咸皆钩校,发其奸臧,没入辜榷财物。官属及诸中宫黄门举奏按论,畏咸,皆失气。翟方进为丞相,奏“咸苟得无耻,不宜处位。”咸坐免。红阳侯王立举咸方正,方进复奏免之。后数年,立有罪就国,方进奏归咸故郡,以忧死。

(选自《汉书》有删节)

15.写出下列加点词在句中的意思。(2分)

16.为下列句中加点词选择释义正确的一项。(2分)

A.抵御,反抗

B.刚正

C.高

大 D.激昂

A.依照,按照

B.同“案”,定案

C.查处

D.止住,搁下

17.下列各组句子中加点字的意义和用法相同的一项是()。(2分)

18.把第③段中画线句译成现代汉语。(5分)

公移敕书曰:“使各欲求所自快,是一郡百太守也,何得然哉!”下吏畏之,豪强摄服,然亦以此见废。

19.简析文章第①段的作用。(3分)

20.综观全文,结合内容分析陈咸的品格特点。(4分)

(五)阅读下文,完成第21—25题。(14分)

截冠雄鸡志

李翱

①翱至零口①北,有畜鸡二十二者,七其雄十五其雌,且啄且饮而又狎乎人。翱甚乐之,遂掏粟投于地而呼之。有一雄鸡,人截其冠,貌若营群②,望我而先来,见粟而长鸣,如命其众鸡。众鸡闻而曹奔于粟,既来而皆恶截冠雄鸡而击之。曳而逐出之,已而竞还啄其粟。

③翱异之曰:“鸡,禽于家者也,备五德者也。其一曰:见食命侣,义□。截冠雄鸡是也。彼众鸡得非幸其所呼而来耶?又奚为既来而恶所呼者而迫之耶?岂不食其利背其惠耶?岂不丧其见食命侣之一德耶?且何众栖而不使偶其群耶?”或告曰:“截冠雄鸡,客鸡也,予东里鄙夫曰陈氏之鸡焉。死其雌,而陈氏寓之于我群焉。勇且善斗,家之六雄鸡勿敢独校焉。且其曹恶之而不与同其食,及栖焉;夫虽善斗且勇,亦不胜其众,而常孤游焉。然见食未尝先啄而不长鸣命焉,彼众鸡虽赖其召,既至,反逐之。昔日亦犹是焉。截冠雄鸡虽不见答,然而其迹未曾变移焉。”(乙)

④翱既闻之,惘然,感而遂伤曰:“禽鸟微物也,其中亦有独禀精气,义而介焉者。客鸡义勇超乎群,群皆妒而尚不与俦焉,况在人乎哉?况在朋友乎哉?况在亲戚乎哉?况在乡党乎哉?况在朝廷乎哉?(丙)”

⑤(丁)吾心既伤之,遂志之,将用警予,且可以作鉴于世之人。

(选自《李文公集》)[注]①零口:地名。②营群:予其群林。

21.可填入第③段方框处的虚词是()。(1分)

A.哉

B.也

C.矣

D.耳

22.第②段画线句在文中的作用是_______________________________________(3分)

23.下面句子是文中的原话,把它放回文本中,合理的位置是()。(3分)

由是观天地间鬼神禽兽万物变动情状,其可以逃乎?

A.甲处

B.乙处

C.丙处

D.丁处

24.对“彼众鸡得非幸其所呼而来耶”一句理解正确的一项是()。(3分)

A.那些鸡难道不是希望它来呼唤自己来吃食吗?

B.那些鸡难道不是幸亏它的呼唤才过来吃食吗?

C.那些鸡恐怕是希望它来呼唤自己来吃食的吧?

D.那些鸡恐怕是幸亏它的呼唤才过来吃食的吧?

25.分析本文的写作意图。(4分)

三写作(70分)

26.有人认为,人生在世,就是要学会适应环境;也有人认为,人最重要的是学会保持自我,保持独立完善的人格。

请写一篇文章,谈谈你对这句话的思考。要求:(1)自拟题目;(2)不少于800字。

参考答案:

1.(1)有杀身以成仁卫灵公(2)遥岑远目(3)千呼万唤始出来,犹抱琵琶半遮面

2.(1)D (2)A

3.我们整体手不释卷,依然欠下一屁股书债;很多书藏而不读,也成为一种浪费。

4.C

5.起到警示读者的作用。(1分)中国是信息不发达的国家,但过量的信息已经给人们造成很大困扰,(1分)以此引导读者思考面对信息越来越发达的世界,人们将面临多么可怕的未来。(1分)

6.D

7.(提出问题)思想需要空间,但是信息爆炸挤压了思想的空间。(1分)接着(分析问题)信息虽是无形的财富与资源,(1分)但过剩的信息却制造了思想的傻瓜,(1分)面对这种情况,作者提出“信息节食”的策略以给思想留下空间。(1分)最后,(发出号召)给思想留下空间,就是给创造留下空间,就是给我们的未来留下希望。(1分)

8.运用比拟(拟人)的修辞手法,表达对往昔岁月、世事沧桑的感慨;也意味着过去的回忆将随着时间流逝、淡出,消散在生命中。

9.在我童年的记忆中,老屋带给我很多快乐;虽然贫困,却有家的温馨,父亲的惬意(快乐);简陋而充满生活气息的陈设,温暖的土炕;兄妹爬树摘枣的欢乐;集犬相鸣,其乐融融,槐花醉人;(2分)但这些承载我的梦想的快乐都停留在我儿时的回忆中,如今的老屋已经无人居住,斑驳残破。(1分)注:需要强调是儿时的欢乐回忆(1分)

10.枣树是老屋的组成部分,承载我儿时的以及(1分);枣树的春夏秋冬,兄妹摘枣的情景,是我记忆深刻的快乐回忆之一(1分);枣树失去踪影,只余飘零的枣叶,衬托出老屋的颓败,令人感怀(1分);所以枣树是贯穿全文的景物之一,而枣树的繁盛、衰败(消失)也是老屋的颓败、消逝的过程。(1分)

增补:以此表达了对曾给我儿时带来美好时光的老屋的追忆/怀念,对老屋颓败、消逝的感伤。

11.明确“老屋”是本文的写作抒情对象(1分);“祭”有追念之意,表达对老屋的追忆和怀念()分1;“老屋祭”更是对已逝对象的怀念,更突显老屋的残破、衰败,正逐渐并终将消失在生活中(1分);在追悼故去的同时,也表达了作者对未来的祈愿和展望(1分)。

增补:“老屋祭”意为对老屋的追忆和怀念,是全文的情感线索,也概述了全文的主要内容(1分):怀念在老屋中度过的快乐时光,感慨老屋现今的残破、衰败至于终将消失的命运

(1分);还比较了两代人对于老屋及那段过往即将逝去的不同态度(1分),表示对老一辈人珍视回忆、不舍过往的理解,以此表达了自己对老屋的怀念、对老屋终将消失的感伤(1分)。

12.B

13.B

14.本词运用间接抒情,含蓄隐晦(1分)。上阕从甚爱落笔,极写带湖美景,悠闲自适,表面无忧其实极愁,词人只得与鸥鸟结盟,与白鹤为伴,足见其孤独、寂寞与凄凉。(1分)下阕起笔写鸥鸟对我毫不理睬只为窥鱼,不懂我意,更不解我举杯之愁,虽有明月清风,也让人无比惆怅,栽杨柳更是无奈之举。(1分)全词表面写带湖之美,悠游之趣,但内在却充满被弹劾,不被重用,被迫闲居而难酬壮志的孤愤、落寞。(1分)

15.(1)提升,提拔(2)获罪,因……获罪

16.(1)B ()2C

17.D

18.公然拿出文书说:“假使各自都想寻求自己的快乐,这是一个郡县就有一百个太守,怎么能这样呢?”下属的官吏都害怕他,豪强之人也恐惧屈服,但他也因此被废黜。(公;移敕书;何……哉;慑服;见废)

19.第一段记叙陈咸少年时正直有才,后被其父训诫一事,(1分)为下文其为人处世的转变做了铺垫(1分),也与后文其暴虐、贪赃形成强烈对比(1分)。

20.从文章第一、二段写陈咸有才干,“数言事,刺讥近臣,书数十上”以及敢于揭露中书令石显,可以看出其品性正直,敢于直言进谏;(2分)但后来的陈咸做南阳太守时杀伐立威,严刑峻法,见其暴虐;且奢侈玉食,行贿陈汤,贪赃财物,可见其贪婪而不廉洁。(2分)

21.B

22.详细描写截冠雄鸡仰望鸡群悲鸣不已,反衬出群鸡的忘恩负义(1分),流露出作者对它的同情之意(1分),同时为后文的议论做铺垫(1分)。

23.C

24.D

25.作者记叙截冠雄鸡见食命侣却被群鸡驱逐之事(1分),指出它正是因为义勇超群而被嫉妒排挤(1分),以此警醒自己(1分),并告诫世人不该嫉妒排挤贤德之人(1分)。

2018-2019学年上海中学高三上英语期中英语试卷

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