人教版八年级英语下Unit5知识点讲解

Unit5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?

Section A

【解析1】过去进行时

过去进行时态

⑴用法：①过去某个时间正在发生的动作

He was cooking at six last night. 昨天晚上六点，他正在做饭。

②过去某段时间正在发生的动作

I was staying here from March to May last year. 去年从3月到5月，我一直呆在这里。

⑵与过去进行时连用的时间状语，常见的有at nine last night/at that time=then/at this

time yesterday/或有when the teacher came in/ while he was reading

的提示

⑶过去进行时的构成：was\were +现在分词

⑷过去进行时的四个基本句型

肯定句He was cooking at six last night.

否定句He was not cooking at six last night.

一般疑问句Was he cooking at six last night?

两回答Yes, he was. /No, he wasn’t.

特殊疑问句What was he doing at six last night?

⑸过去进行时的固定句型

Jim was reading when the teacher came in. 当老师进来的时候，吉姆正在读书。

Jim was reading while Kate was watching TV. 在凯特正在看电视的同时，吉姆正在读书。

Jim came in while Kate was watching TV. 在凯特正在看电视的时候，吉姆进来了。

⑹请比较

He watched TV last night.（过去时间last night, 用一般过去时）

He was watching TV at nine last night. (过去时间last night+点时间at nine, 用过去进行时)

【2013浙江杭州】Sally took a photo of her friends while they _____ computer games.

A. play

B. are playing

C. have played

D. were playing

【2013黑龙江绥化】My uncle ____ books in the room at this time yesterday.

A. was seeing

B. is reading

C. was reading

【2013黑龙江齐齐哈尔3】What ____ you _____ when the captain came in?

A. are; doing

B. did; do

C. were; doing

巩固练习：用所给动词的适当形式填空

1. Now Jim’s sister __________________(read) newspapers.

2.He __________________(watch)TV at nine last night.

3.He __________________(watch)TV last night.

4. What __________________the twins __________________(do) then?

5. — ________Lily ______________(draw) a cat when the teacher came in ?

— No, she _________

6. __________________you __________________(have) supper at that time?

7. Jack __________________(not read) a book at nine yesterday evening.

8. Now Jim __________________(play) basketball on the playground（操场）.

9. What ___________________ he _______________ (do) at nine o’clock last night.

10. They ___________________ (listen) to the music at that time.

11. When the teacher came in, the students ___________________ (read) the text.

12. We ___________________ (watch) TV when suddenly the telephone rang.

13. Her mother ____________(cook) while her father was watching TV.

【解析2】at the time of 在...... 的时候（常用于过去进行时）

【解析3】rainstorm n 暴风雨raincoat 雨衣raindrop雨滴

【解析1】alarm n 闹钟an alarm clock 一个闹钟

【解析2】go off 发出响声, (闹钟)闹响，离开

The alarm went off just now. 刚才警钟响了

【短语】go over 复习go away 离开

go by (时间)过去go for a walk 出去散步

go fishing/shopping/skating/swimming 去钓鱼/去买东西/去溜冰/去游泳( ) I was late today because my alarm clock didn’t____

A. run off

B. go off

C. give out

D. give up

( ) —What a big storm last night!

—Yes. I was doing my homework. Suddenly, all the lights in my house____.

A. went off

B. turned off

C. took off

D. got off ( ) How I wish could sleep longer! However, I had to get up as soon as the alarm clock _____.

A. ran off

B. went off

C. took off

heavily/hard

( ) The sun is shining _____ . You'd better wear sunglasses while you are out.

A. brightly

B. lightly

C. heavily

( ) Sometimes it rains _________in Guizhou in summer .

A. heavily

B. heavy

C. strong

D. Strongly

【注】heavy改y为i +ly 变为adv ,类似的adj还有：

【解析】miss

v. ①错过(后接名词、代词或动车ing）

Be quick! Or you will miss the early bus.

②想念；思念I miss you.

n. ③用于姓名或姓之前，是对未婚女子的称呼，但首字母要大写，“小姐；女生”( ) — I ____ the early bus and I had to wait for the next one on such a cold morning.

— Bad luck!

A. missed

B. caught

C. followed

D. left

keep the mountains clean.

A. turn up

B. pick up

C. mix up

D. give up

( ) It seems that the aged people ________ the H7N9 more easily from the recent case.

A. pick up

B. mix up

C. set up

D. use up

【解析】strange adj. 奇怪的→strangely adv奇怪地→stranger n 陌生人

7. With no light outside, it felt like midnight.

【解析1】with + n +adv ，在句中做伴随状语

with +n +adj. She can see stars in the dark sky with the window open

【解析2】feel like doing sth = would like/want to do sth想要做某事

I feel like _______ (catch) a clod today.

【解析】report v 报道→ reporter n 记者

make a report 做报告weather report 天气预报

give a report 作报告It’s reported that… 据报道

I want to be a ___________(report) when I grow up.

【解析】so 的用法：

【解析1】I see . 我知道了。（表示通过别人提醒而明白、了解）

( ) —It’s bad for your eyes to read in the sun.

— _____.

A. I’m OK

B. I don’t know

C. I’m sorry

D. I see

【拓展】see sb. do sth 看到某人做某事

see sb. doing sth 看到某人正在做某事

【解析2】either 也

【辨析】also /too/as well/ either

(1) also 也，用于肯定句句中，用在实义动词之前，系动词、助动词、情态动词之后。

(2) too 也，用于肯定句句末

(3) either 也，通常放于否定句末

【练习】用either, also , too, as well 填空

①Tom can sing this song . I can sing it, _____.

②Tom can sing this song, I can sing it _______.

③Tom can sing this song, I can _______sing it.

④Tom couldn’t sing this song, I couldn’t , _______.

（）⑤ He can’t swim .I can’t,_____.

【解析1】while当......的时候

( ) Amy was reading a book _____ I came in.

A. when

B. while

C. because

D. though

( ) ______the children have fun, parents can take dance lessons on the beach.

A. When

B. If

C. While

D. Once

【解析2】make sure 确信； 确保

make sure to do sth

Please make sure to turn off the computer when you leave.

make sure of

Do you know th e time of the train? You’d better make sure of it.

( ) There aren’t many tickets left for the concert, you'd better ______that you get one today.

A. make sure of

B. make a decision

C. make sure

D. make plans

【解析3】work 运转；发挥作用 The mad icine doesn’t work.

【拓展】work 有三个意思很容易弄混：

⑴ 表示“工作”，是不可数名词：

He has too much work to do. 他要做的工作太多。

work →worker

⑵ 表示“著作”或“作品”，是可数名词，但多用复数：

He has read many of Hemingway’s works.

⑶ 表示“工厂”，只用复数形式，但可表示单数意义：

The glass works （=factory) is [are] near the station. 玻璃工厂在车站附近。

【解析1】.beat 与win 辨析

???

?????????++比赛、游戏奖杯、奖牌

战争或球队等）比赛、竞争对手（如人获胜，赢得win beat We beat them by the score of 2 to 1. 我们以2:1赢了他们。

Which team won the football match? 哪个对赢了那场足球赛？

【解析2】heavily 在很大程度上；大量地

【拓展】heavy adj. 重的（反） light → heavily adv 猛烈地

【注】形容雨雪下得大用heavily/hard

①It rained ______ (heavy) ,so he didn’t go t o work yesterday.

( ) ②Sometimes it rains ____ in Xi’an in summer.

A. heavy

B. heavily

C. strong

D. strongly

( ) —Peter is _______ than you, right?

—Yes, but he is _______ runner in our class.

A. heavier; best

B. heavy; the best

C. heavier; the best

D. heavy; better

( ) Sometimes it rains _________in Guizhou in summer .

A. heavily

B. heavy

C. strong

D. Strongly

【解析3】 against 倚；碰；撞

⑴ 表示“反对”，其反义词为 for 。若表示“强烈反对”，一般用副词 strongly ：

Are you for or against the plan? 你对这个计划是赞成还是反对呢?

⑵表示位置，意为“靠着”、“顶着”、等：

The teacher’s desk is against the wall. 老师的办公桌靠墙放着。

He stood leaning against the tree. 他站着斜靠在墙上。

( ) Mr. Wang is strongly ____ keeping animals in the zoo, because he thinks animals should also enjoy freedom.

A. up

B. for

C. against

D. down

( ) I'm ______ building a new zoo because I think zoos are terrible places for animals to live in.

A. against

B. on

C. in

D. for

【解析】at first 首先；最初

【拓展】(1) at first = at the beginning 最初，开始

【强调在时间顺序或做某事过程等开始之初】

(2) first of all 首先，第一【表明陈述事情的重要性】

( ) When you want to work for our country in the future, ____, we should have strong body and rich knowledge.

A. at first

B. first of all

C. for the first time

D. after all

( ) We can do a lot to stay healthy. ____ , we should eat a balanced(平衡的) diet.

A. At a time

B. In fact

C. First of all

D. All together

【解析1】fall asleep 进入梦乡；睡着

【拓展】sleep / asleep 辨析：

(1) sleep =be in bed v 睡觉，指睡的动作状态

(2) get to sleep =fall asleep入睡，强调进入睡眠的状态

(3)go to bed 上床睡觉，强调睡觉的动作

【记】He went to bed at ten last night , but he didn’t go to sleep until . He only fell asleep for 5 hours.

( ) — Jim, Where is your sister?

— Oh, She is still in bed.

A. going to bed

B. in her bedroom

C. sleeping

D. sleepy

) He found it was hard to get to sleep those days.

A. sleeping

B. fall asleep

C. be asleep

【拓展】fall asleep, sleep, go to sleep, get to sleep, go to bed用法区别。

⑴fall asleep属“连系动词+表语”结构，“入睡；睡着”，指进入梦乡，往往含有“不知

不觉就睡着了“的意思。asleep在此作表语形容词。

He was just falling asleep when there was a loud knock at the door. 他刚要入睡时，这时传来了响亮的敲门声。

⑵ sleep指睡觉时的一种状态，是一个延续性的动词。

He likes to sleep for an hour in the afternoon. 他喜欢在下午睡上一个小时。

⑶ go to sleep意为“入睡，睡着”，强调从开始睡到睡着的过程。

I just want to close my eyes and go to sleep as quickly as possible. 我只是想闭上眼睛，尽快地睡上一觉。

⑷ get to sleep与go to sleep意思相近，但它强调的是进入睡眠状态。

She was too excited to get to sleep last night. 她昨晚因太激动而不能入睡。

⑸go to bed“就寝”，“上床睡觉”，指上床去睡这个动作，与get up相对应。

The students in our school usually get up at six in the morning and go to bed at half past nine in the evening. 我们学校的学生通常早晨六点起床，晚上九点半睡觉。

【解析2】die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失

【拓展】die down与die out的用法区别：

指火的熄灭时，用die down或die out皆可。

die down往往指火势由强到弱慢慢熄灭，植物慢慢死亡这一过程；

die out则指熄灭这一事实，而且不及die down用的普遍。

die down: 反映风、声音、愤怒、掌声、战斗等平息下来。

die out: 指家庭、种族、物种、组织、信仰等的消失或消亡。

This kind of bird has died out in the world.这种鸟已经在世界上灭绝了。

【解析1】wake up (v+ adv) 醒来；睡醒

( ) _____ , Tom! It’s time to get up and go to sch ool.

A. Wake up

B. Make up

C. Grow up

D. Look up

( ) —What’s wrong with you, Eric? You look tired.

— I _____ to prepare for the final exam last night.

A. picked up

B. woke up

C. stayed up

D. put up

A. rose

B. raised

C. are getting up

D. grow

【解析1】过去分词做定语fallen leaves 落叶

A. anywhere

B. everywhere

C. somewhere

D. nowhere

( ) We arrived at the station too early and had____ to go, so we sat there and chatted with each other.

A. somewhere

B. anywhere

C. everywhere

D. nowhere

( ) There has never been such a beautiful village _________ in the world.

A. anywhere

B. everywhere

C. somewhere

D. nowhere

【解析】join 加入；参加

【辨析】join/join in/take part in

(1) join=be a member of 参加,指加入某种组织，并成为其中的一员。

join the army / party 入伍/ 党join the club 加入俱乐部

◆ join in 后接活动名称

◆ join sb. 加入到某个人群之中

(2) take part in 参加，指加入群体活动中并在活动中发挥重要作用。

( )①–I suppose we’ll go to plant trees next week.

-- Terrific! Planting trees is a lot of fun. I’d like to ___ you.

A. visit

B. join

C. follow

D. meet

( )②–Mary, would you like to ___ this game?

—I’d love to, but I have to finish ___ the composition first.

A. join in; to write

B. attend; writing

C. join; to write

D. take part in; writing.

( ) He ______an English club last year and has improved his English a lot.

A. protected

B. produced

C. joined

D. received

【解析】turn on 打开（反）turn off 关掉

( ) It’s time for CCTV news. Let’s _______ the TV and watch it.

A. turn on

B. get on

C. try on

D. put on

( ) It's getting dark. Please ________ the light.

A. turn on

B. turn off

C. turn down

D. turn around ( ) The boy is sleeping. Please _____the radio.

A. turn up

B. turn down

C. turn on

( ) ______a light when necessary. You will bring light to other people and yourself.

【解析】get to 到达

get → got→ gotten v得到

【辨析】get/ reach/ arrive

get to +地点=arrive in/at +地点=reach+地点

get on 上车get up 起床get used to 习惯于

get along with sb 与某人相处融洽get together相聚

( ) —When will the plane _____Shanghai?

—Sorry, I don’t know.

A. get

B. arrive at

C. reach

( ) I used to quarrel a lot with my parents, but now we ____ just fine together.

A. get along

B. get up

C. get away

D. get off

Section B.

【解析】happen 发生；碰巧（指偶然性发生）

(1) happen v “发生”没有被动语态，主语是物，强调某事发生的偶然性

a. sth. happen to s

b. 某事发生在某人身上

What happened to you?=What was wrong with him?

b. sb. happen to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事

She happened ________(be) out when we called.

(2)take place 发生，指事情有计划有安排地发生

The sports meeting took place in our school last week.

(3) It happened that…碰巧

( ) ① An accident ____ at the school gate this morning.

A. happened B .happened to C. took place D. took places ( ) ②What happened _____ the boy?

A. with

B. to

C. at

D. on

( ) ③A serious bike accident ____ her , and she was badly hurt.

A. happened to

B. was happened to

C. was happing

D. was happen ( ) ④The accident took place on a cold night.

A. took the place

B. happened

C. told

D. hold

( ) ⑤I happened _____him last night.

A. to meet

B. meet

C. meeting

D. meets

( ) Great changes _________ in Tongren in the past five years.

A. have happened

B. have taken place

C. have been happened

D. have been taken place

( ) The Olympic Games of 2016 will _____ in Brazil.

A. take after

B. take off

C. take place

D. take away

( ) —It’s hot today, isn’t it?

—Yes, it is. Why not __________ your jacket?

A. take care

B. take place

C. take after

D. take off

【解析】realize v 意识到

⑴ realize + n she didn’t realize her mistake.

⑵ realize +从句I didn’t realize that you were so unhappy.

【解析】over= more than 超过

( ) —Can I join Oxfam Trailwalker?

—Only if you are _____ eighteen.

A. over

B. on

C. under

D. below

( ) Mrs. King put a coat_____ the sleeping girl to keep her warm.

【解析】make one’s way to … 在某人去……的路上

（当后接地点副词时，应省略介词to）

( ) I’ll make my way ___ home no w.

A. to

B. /

C. at

D. on

【解析】一段时间+ ago 之前，用于一般过去时

( ) —Who is the little girl in the picture?

—It’s me. The picture ________ 10 years ago.

A. took

B. is taken

C. has taken

D. was taken

( ) I know a little about Thailand, as I _____ there three years ago.

A. have been

B. have gone

C. will go

D. went

【解析】complete v 完成adj. 完整的→completely 彻底地；完全地

【2013新疆】Physical exercise makes you tired but relaxed.

① I ____________( complete) believe in you now. I think you are honest in the matter.

【解析】the rest of … “其余的，剩下的” ,

做主语时，其谓语动词的数要与the rest of 修饰的名词一致。

The rest of meat goes bad.

The rest of workers are still working hard.

【解析】silence n 沉默→ silent 沉默；缄默；无声

in silence 沉默地、无声地= silently

keep silent 保持沉默

( ) When he heard the bad news, Robert walked home together with his friends ____________. （沉默地）

( ) We should keep ____ in the library.

A. silence

B. silently

C. silences

( ) They stood ____ as a mark of honor to her.

A. in silent

B. in silence

C. silence

【解析1】remember to do sth与remember doing sth的用法区别。

⑴ remember to do sth记得去做某事（此事还未做）

Remember to turn off the light when you leave the room. 当你离开房间的时候记得关灯。

⑵ remember doing sth记得做过某事（此事已做完）

I remember turning off the light when I left the room.我记得离开房间时关灯了。

【解析2】take down 拆掉；拆毁

【解析3】terror n. 恐怖→ terrorist 恐怖分子

be full of terror充满恐怖

【拓展】art n. 艺术→ artist n.艺术家science n. 科学→ scientist 科学家piano n. 钢琴→pianist n. 钢琴家

( ) — Did you watch the TV news? The whole event was full of ____.

— Yes, I did . Those ____ were all caught by the police at last.

A. terror; terrorist

B. terrorist; terrors

C. terror; terrorists

D. terrors; terrorists

【解析】hardly 几乎不；绝不

( ) Speak aloud, please! I can _____ hear you.

A. almost

B. hardly

C. usually

( ) Mike hurt his back seriously and can_____ get out of bed without help.

A. quickly

B. easily

C. nearly

D. hardly

( ) — Did you go to the cinema to see 3D Titanic last night?

—No, I______ go to the cinema. The tickets are too expensive.

A. hardly

B. nearly

C. still

D. Only

( ) — How often do you exercise?

— ______ ever. Because I am very busy with my work.

A. Hardly

B. Nearly

C. Always

D. Almost

( ) David was so excited at the good news that he could ______ say a word.

A. nearly

B. hard

C. ever

D. hardly

【解析1】be surprised to do sth 做某事很吃惊

【拓展】surprise v 使吃惊→surprising adj. 令人吃惊的

→surprised adj. 吃惊的

to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是

in surprise 吃惊地

be surprised at 对……感到吃惊

①__________________(使我吃惊的是），he got the first prize in the exam.

②We are ____________at the _____________news.(surprise)

( ) ③ ___his surprise, she succeeded in climbing up the high mountain.

A. At

B. To

C. In

D. On

( ) I was very surprised when the alien went into a souvenir shop.

A. excited

B. amazing

C. relaxing

D. amazed

( ) “Henry, you _____ tell the teacher if you want to go out of the classroom.” “Sorry, sir.”

A. are supposed to

B. are surprised to

C. are afraid to

( ) The fans were _____to know the death of their favorite singing star Whitney Huston.

A. glad

B. angry

C. excited

D. surprised

【解析2】hear的用法

hear意为“听见”，强调听的结果。

【结构】：hear sb. do sth听见某人做某事；

hear sb. doing sth听见某人正在做某事

We can often hear some children play on the playground. 我们经常能听见一些孩子在操场上玩耍。

I heard my sister singing an English song in her room when I came back. 当我回来时，我听见我的姐姐正在她的房间里唱一支英文歌。

hear也有“听说”之意，这时后接that引导的宾语从句。

① hear about意为“听说”，相当于hear of，后面接词或短语。

I have heard about/of the story before. 我以前就听说过这个故事。

② hear from意为“收到.......的来信；有.......的消息”，=get/receive a letter from.

I haven’t heard from my mother for months.我已经好几个月没有收到我妈妈的来信了。

【解析】true adj. 真的→ truly adv. 真地→truth 实情；事实

to be truth n. 真相

honest = to tell (you) the truth老实说；说实话

( ) To tell the ________ (true), I don’t like the drinks in that café.

( ) — Is it ____ that he missed the bus?

—No, he didn’t tell the _____. He was late because he got up late.

A. true; truth

B. real ; truth

C. true; reality

D. real; reality

【解析】trouble n 困难；苦恼；忧虑

⑴ in trouble 处于困境中get sb. into trouble 使某人陷入困境

⑵ What's the trouble with you?

= What’s the matter with you?

= Wha’t wrong with you? 你怎么啦？

⑶ have trouble （in）doing sth 做某事有麻烦

◆ have problem /difficulty/fun (in) doing sth 做某事有问题/困难/乐趣( ) ① I had trouble ____ my homework.

A. to finish

B. finishing

C. finishes

D. finish

( ) ②– Mr. Wang , I have trouble ___ the text.

--Remember ____ it three times at least.

A. to understand; reading

B. understanding; reading

C. understanding; to read

D. to understand; to read

Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?

一、重点短语

1. make sure 确信;确认

2. beat against... 拍打… …

3. fall asleep 进人梦乡；睡着

4. die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失

5. wake up 醒来

6. in a mess 一团糟

7. break.. . apart 使……分离8. in times of difficulty 在困难的时候

9. at the time of 当.......时候10. go off (闹钟)发出响声

11. take a hot shower 洗热水澡12. miss the bus 错过公交车

13. pick up 接电话14. bring... together 使……靠拢

15. in the area 在这个地区16. miss the event 错过这个事件

17. by the side of the road 在路边18. the Animal Helpline 动物保护热线

19. walk by 走路经过20. make one’s way to.在某人去……的路上

21. hear the news 听到这个消息

22., important events in history 历史上的重大事件23., for example 例如

24., be killed 被杀害25., over 50 5 0多(岁）

26. a school pupil 一个小学生27. on the radio 通过广播

28., in silence 沉默;无声29., more recently 最近地;新近

30., the World Trade Center 世贸中心31., take down 拆除;摧毁

32., have meaning to 对……有意义33., remember doing sth. 记得做过某事

34., at first 首先;最初

二、重点句型

1. — What were you doing at eight last night?昨晚8 点你在干什么？

— I was taking a shower.我在洗淋浴。

2. When it began to rain, Ben was helping his mom make dinner.

当开始下雨的时候，本正在帮他妈妈做晚饭。

3. — What was Jenny doing while Linda was sleeping?

琳达在睡觉的时候，珍妮正在干什么？

— While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping Mary with her homework.

琳达在睡觉的时候，珍妮正在帮玛丽做作业。

三、语法难点

1.过去进行时的构成

过去进行时有“was/were+动词-ing”形式构成。以动词work为例，其肯定式、否定

2过去进行时的用法

过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间，除有上下文暗示以外，一般用时间状语表示。

—What were you doing this time yesterday.你们昨天在这个时间做什么？

—We were having a class.我们在上课。

本单元我们接触了when和while引导的时间状语从句，时间状语从句的引导词有

She has worked in the factory since graduated from the university.

她大学毕业以后就一直在那一家工厂工作。