新世纪研究生英语b课后习题及答案考试复习

新世纪研究生英语课后习题及答案

Unit1

1. The representative（众议员）presented to the committee a petition(请愿书) signed by 1,200 electors asking for a thorough probe into the financial scandal surrounding the candidate for the regional legislature.

2. The landlady fired the servant who pocketed(独吞) household funds for his own use.

3. After exploring for more than half a year, the ecologist felt a great from thrill(兴奋) spotting the

rare species at the foot of the mountain.

4. “Better late than never” is a platitude(陈词滥调) that is very familiar to most English speakers.

5. The couple had been trying to satisfy all the needs of their only youngster, who had been importuning (胡搅蛮缠) for more pocket moneny all the time.

6. The unruly(不守规矩的) crowd became even more boisterous(喧闹的) when the negotiator tried to quiet them.

7. The belief that one should work hard and be honest is deeply ingrained（根深蒂固）in our culture.

8. The company was financially cornered（把…逼入绝境）and almost went into bankruptcy(破产) during last year’s economic recession.

9. The employees tried to avoid every risk that might incur（导致）her displeasure during the first

month after her divorce.

10. In order to prevent a sudden outbreak of hostilities, we must make no provocative（刺激的，挑拨的）move.

11. The author of the book made a comparative study of courtesy（礼貌，礼节）between the two different cultrues. (etiquette 礼貌，礼节)

12. After long night of revelry（狂欢）at the New Year’s Eve party ,most of the guests were drunk（喝醉的）.(looped 喝醉的)

13. Since the beginning of last month, she has suffered now and then from a sharp and unexplained (不明原因的) headache for which the doctors are trying to find a cure. (unaccountable不明原因的)

14. The security guard spoke angrily and seriously(气愤的斥责) to the group of noisy boys acting up in the garden of the hotel. (told off 斥责)

15. Compared with all his peers, the young engineer had been noticeably（显着地）successful in that field.(conspicuously显着地)

16. Many men tend to regard daily housework such as cooking, cleaning and laundry to be an irritating（使人烦恼的）nuisance. (pesky使人烦恼的)

17. The psychiatrist encouraged his patient to release（释放）all his resentment at the way life had treated him.(let loose释放，放松)

18. In this lively(生动的) romantic historical novel, the author narrates a riveting（引人入胜的）love story between two great figures of the 19th century. (racy 生动的)

19. She was depressed by the gloomy(阴郁的，沮丧的), fog-bound scene on the waterfront and felt even more lonely.(murky 阴郁的，沮丧的)

20. The chairman advised both parties to calm down and be rational because thy had reached

a sensitive(敏感的) stage of their business negotiation.（ticklish棘手的，敏感的)

翻译：

To invite eminent persons to help make advertisements should be regarded as one of the best advertising strategies and could, of course, produce a spectacular(powerful) VIP effect, privided that those celebrities are perfectly willing to accept the invitation and, more importantly, the products to be advertised are genuine and of fair prices. Sometimes, while a commodity is of inferior quality, the advertisement is full of words lavishing praise on it, if a celebrity shows up as an image agent for such a product, the advertisement could, if any, be temporarily successful before it turns the brand of the product in question notorious and, more disastrously, ruins the reputation of the eminent person thereafter. So, the famous are well advised to think more than twice before they agree to appear on the commercial.

Unit2

1. Italian neo-realist(新实在论者)cinema focused on working—class subjects, using amateur actors and filming on location, rather than in the studio.

2. Despite his wartime atrocities,(暴行)Hitler is still revered by neo-Nazi(新纳粹主义的) in many countries.

3.Neo-fascist(新法西斯主义者)groups are an increasing threat to ethnic minorities across Europe.

4. By neocolonialism（新殖民主义）we mean the practice of granting a sort of independence with the concealed intention of making a liberated country a client—state.

5. The tutor tried hard to dissuade(阻止) students from using neologisms（新词）in formal writing

6. He is a neo-Darwinist(新进化论者) animals is principally determined by natural selection, and that acquired characteristics cannot be inherited.

7. The architect traveled around the whole of Europe seeking Palladio’s wonderful

16th-century neoclassical（新古典主义的）buildings.

8. In view of the still unknown physical risks that cloning might impose on neonates（婴儿）appropriate.

9. The challenge for the future lies in fostering（培养）conditions in cities that will be favorable to economic growth.

10. The old lady reaved（赞扬）about her grandchildren for about an hour.

11. Gene therapy-----the actual correction or replacement of defective gene sequences in the embryo or the adult ------is the holy grail（最受欢迎的）of genetic medicine.

12. Through genetic engineering, will scientists be tampering with the genetic diversity that has been the mainstay（支柱）of human survival in the past?

13. A news release by the Chinese Ministry of Personnel printed in a few leading newspapers and on news websites caught the attention of thousands of twenty-somethings（人到二十）in October.

14. For many reasons, the vast majority of heterosexuals(异性的) still prefer the “old—fashioned”, sexual way of producing children. No other method better expresses the loving union of a man and a woman seeking to make a baby.

15. It is absolutely mandatory（强制的）that every dri ver of a vehicle must pass a driver’s license test.

16. In today’s lightning—speed world many singles are embracing（拥抱，接受）the newest trend in relationship ----- speed dating-------to size up a potential love interest.

17. As a young man, he spent a lot of time meditating（冥想）upon the purpose of life.

18. She really enjoyed the film because it was a(n)fusion(融合) of history and contemporary events.

翻译：

Nowadays in the city’s tonier residential districts there are peple named as singles, who are usually young, rich and tech-savvy professionals and choose independently their own lifesyles. The number of singles has increased dramatically over the recent years. The reasons of remaining single are various:some may be busy exploring careers without putting their marriage into the agenda, some may indulge in their jobs, travel, entertainment, physical fitness or friendship, More than 80% of them have not abandoned the value of marriage, and they say they aspire to marry or they want to be married someday, but they are patient and feel content being single until they meet the right person.

Unit3

1. In China, home computer ownership is expected to exceed（超过）that of the U.S. and Europe combined. ( outstrip超过)

2. The company has been placed in a state of uncertainty(处于不确定状态) as the board decides what to do next.( limbo处于不确定状态)

3. He wrote quickly, but from time to time he stopped(停下来) and look out of the window. ( ceased停止)

4. Thousands of refugees left the country following（紧随）the outbreak of civil war.( in the wake of 紧随)

5. An airline spokesman stated that the safety of passengers was absolutely of the most importance（最重要的）.(paramount 最重要的)

6. The use of animals in scientific tests raises difficult moral(道德的) questions. (ethical道德的)

7. TV coverage of the match had to be extended(延长) when it went into over -time.（prolonged延长)

8. He’s a good person to be with if ever you’re in a tough(艰难的) situation. ( thorny 艰难的)

9. He seemed to be a born（天生的）liar. ( congenital天生的)

10. The operation was rather painful, but I felt a lot better afterwards(之后). (subsequently 之后)

11. In the Netherlands euthanasia（安乐死）has already been legalized.

12. Some observers doubt whether the peace process can be salvaged(挽救).

13. Lack of essential minerals can cause deformity（畸形）in unborn children.

14. All the cars are tested for defects（不合格）before they leave the factory

15. We help people with mental or physical handicaps（残障）to find work

16. She had a(n)lingering（挥之不去的）sense of guilt for some time after breaking off her relationship with Henry.

17. The Government has to grapple with（努力克服）the problem of unemployment.

18. He was arrested for allegedly（据说，据称）stabbing his former wife

19. To her relief she was acquitted（无罪开释of all the charges laid against her.

20. The frontiers(尖端科学) of medical knowledge are being pushed farther outwards as time goes on.

翻译：

People who are energetic, happy, and relaxed are less likely to catch a cold than those who are depressed, nervous, or angry. When the brain is “happy”, it sends messages to our organs that help keep the body healthy and sound. Your chance of developing the common cold, pneumonia, or even cancer may very well be decreased by keeping your brain in a healthy state. In addition, happy and relaxed people are prone to better health practices than their negative and stressed counterparts. They are more likely to get plenty of sleep and to engaged in regular exercise, and have been shown to have lower levels of certain stress hormones.

Unit 4

1.Westerners perceive shape and dimensions(规模，大小)------(size)

2. see cross-cultural varieties(品种；种类)------(types)

3. any intrusion(侵入；闯入)------(penetration)

4. essence(本质，实质)------(core)

5. the word means “in a house” or “from a chamber(室内的；私人的)”------(room)

6. adaptations(适应；改编)------(adjustments)

7.The amount of distinguishing(有区别的)------(distinctive)

8. make careful distinctions(区别) among different spatial elements ------(differentiation)

9. secular and sacred(神的；神的）(holy)

10. different perceptions of time may cause cultural conflicts(冲突；矛盾)------(clashes)

11. Time is n ot a “mere connection”, as some English anthropologists(人类学家)but one of the most basic organizing systems of life, because all situational behavior has a temporal and

a spatial dimension.

12. Patterns(模式)are those implicit cultural rules by means of which sets are arranged so that they take on meaning.

13. In fact, compared with more tangible(有形的；切实的)assaults on his

character------namely Jones’ pending sexual—harassment lawsuit and the federal investigation into White—water ------words in a book could barely hurt him.

14. A small but persistent(固执的，坚持的) … still don’t buy it.

15. Mr. Smith, who was worried that the ban might infringe(侵犯；违反)—abiding gun owners , had already voted against the bill.

16. After all, scientists noted, HIV is a retrovirus, a class of infectious agents known for their alarming ability to integrate(使…完整；使…成整体)

17. Suddenly, perfectly secular(世俗的；长期的)medieval—era arguments against the hubris of science.

18. My study of space---- how people experience it and create a model of the spatial(空间的；存在于空间的)world in the central nervous system-----forced me to acknowledge the perceptual clichés of my culture.

19. My ignorance of both hydroponics and of florist’s(花店)shops made me feel somewhat ease.Consequently I did not communicate in the manner I generally use when I am speaking on a familiar subject in a familiar setting.

20. To understand an organization, you have to consider all of its components. Organizations are

networks of related parts. Each element works together with the others to support efficient operations. The new MBA buzzword for it all is Organizational .Architecture(建筑学；建筑风格).

翻译：

As one travels abroad and examines the ways in which space is handled, startling variations are discovered; differrences which we react to vigorously. Since none of us are taught to look at space as isolated from other associations, feelings cued by the handling of space are often attributed to something else. In growing up people learn literarily thousands of spatial cues, all of which have their own meanings in their own contexts.

当人们到海外旅游时，如果留心观察外国人如何处理空间关系，就会发现许多令人惊讶的不同之处；而这些不同之处总让我们反应强烈。因为从来没有人教我们要把空间与其它联想区别开来，所以我们常认为空间处理引发的感觉是出于其它的原因。从小到大。人们要学会几千种空间暗示，所有这些暗示在不同的情境中都有不同的含义。

Unit 5

1.rapt (complete; engrossed) 全神贯注

2.pay for the use of the inn’s facilities (resources; means) 设施

3.condone (overlook; ignore) 宽恕，赦免

4.abominable (contemptible) 令人憎恶的

5.assessments (appraisals)评估

6.her friend’ s mother was livid (furious) 狂怒的

7.gallantly (bravely; politely) 勇敢的

8.jerk (idiot; fool) 性情古怪的人

9.provocation (irritation;annoyance) 挑衅

10.deliberate (intentional; purposeful) 深思熟虑的

11.It is not our desire to be provocative（挑衅的）, but the status quo cannot continue. Neither can the present standoff, without the danger of a more serious confrontation that nobody wants.

12.Like all derivatives, they function, essentially, as bets on the direction of particular markets.

So coveted is such insurance that the total face amount -----or notional（概念性的，抽象的）“ value”-----of swaps and similar contracts has soared to an astronomical $11 trillion.

13.Annoyed, shareholders have moved to curb（抑制）such abuses-----just as they have moved to remove a number of CEOs in recent months.

14.The day was star—crossed, Friday, October 13th, on the eve of the second anniversary of a(n) devastating（灾难性的）market crash.

15. In a(n)appalling(令人震惊的) demonstration of the mistreatment of recruits and their meager food rations, in March 1993 four sailors on Russky Island in the Far East died of malnutrition.

16. Even more interesting, from a business perspective（远景，观点，角度）,is the so—called intranet----the collection of networks that connect computers within corporations---- that both Sun and Microsoft have targeted as a rich area for growth.

17. She was at times less successful winning over her counterpart（副本，相似的人或物）at the U.N., who, like Napoleon’s army, travels on his stomach.

18. Members of the NASA—led team arrived in Washington fully prepared to enter the

fray(紧张).

19. Negotiation could sometimes defuse（平息，缓解）these situations and produce more acceptable consequences for both parties.

20. It may not seem much consolation to point out that the teacher, too, becomes frustrated （挫败的，泄气的）when his efforts appear to produce less than obvious result.

翻译：

Wealth exposed American manners to continuing international scrutiny because it underwrote an expansion of tourism. In the late nineteenth century the American abroad symbolized for some the dangders of sudden wealth and became an instrument to expose comparative social codes and standards of morality. Boasting, vulgarity, obsessive acquisitiveness, and insensitivity were soon associated with this early version of the Ugly American. Representing a small portion of the population, the international travelers seemed to stand for the whole country in the eyes of many foreigners, and it was the prodigality of their wealth, the apparently limitless wallets and purses, that seemed most dangerous. American money threatened to loot the Old World of its historic treasures, and aggressive celebrity hunters and relic gatherers to invade European privacy as well.

财富使美国人的行为一直受到国际上的关注，因为它是旅游业的基础。19世纪末，有人认为，在海外的美国人是那些骤增财富的内在危险的象征，并使他们那并非完美无缺的社会准则和道德标准面临腐蚀的危险。自吹自擂、粗俗鲁莽、贪得无厌、麻木不仁很快成了早期的丑陋美国人的象征。周游列国的旅行者在全国人口中虽然只是一小部分，但在许多外国人眼里，他们好像代表了这个国家的所有人。他们挥霍无度，看起来有用之不尽的资产，这是最大的危险。美钞大有把旧世界历史上的奇珍异宝掠之一空之势。一群追逐名利和涉猎文物古玩的人无孔不入，极大地扰乱了欧洲人的私生活。

Unit 6

1. Marsgall’s skills and her pleasant and sociable personality made her very effective in her public relations job. (outgoing)(对人友好的，开朗的)

2.Mary was small, pretty, and very ambitions. (petite)（女子）娇小的，小个子的

3. He was always strongly and clearly…(emphatically)着重地；强调地

4. On the surface Dana was calm and self-assured,…(self-possessed)镇静的；冷静的

5. Many of its best-educated residents have been driven to neighboring countries in searching of better jobs. (quest)追求；寻找

6.He was certainly the most attractive and pleasant lecturer there. (personable)风度好的；貌美的

7. For a while she imagined that …. (fntasized)幻想；想像

8. I like the idea of getting married but I don’t accept the traditional view of what marriage should be all about. (buy into)买进；入股

9. They decided to postpone that she wedding until Pam’s mother was out of the hospital (defer)推迟；延期

10. The government involved in a bitter dispute between the miners and their

employers.( caught up)抓起，捉住

11. Fathers are encouraged to be more involved(有关的；卷入的)with their families.

12. Edinburgh sees itself as a university of the new millennium,committed(坚定的；效忠的)to research and teaching.

13. I couldn’t figure out(解决；算出；想出)who the lady with the sunglasses was.

14. Researchers are convinced(确信的；深信的) that…

15. Spatial mobility tends to be highest among the most affluent(富裕的；丰富的)groups on the one hand and the poorest on the other.

16. She didn’t want to be tied down(冷静) by a full-time job.

17. She loves her life and is immersed in the quest(追求；寻找)for knowledge for knowledge’s sake.

18. It seems like everybody in America is looking for the end of the rainbow(虹桥的尽头).

19. Some claim that the herb has therapeutic(治疗的)value for treating pain.

20. She has lots of good ideas, but she has formulating(使公式化；系统地阐述)difficulty. 翻译：

我赞成这样的理想：人应该各方面都很出色，既要有头脑，也要有健美的体格。我希望能得到某种幸福和快乐。美国是能得到这些东西的最好的地方，因为这里的人和我们的思想来自世界各地。至今到美国来寻梦的仍然大有人在。

现在我明白了，决定美国梦能否实现的不是教育、不是机会、也不是艰苦的工作，而是权势和恐惧感。你在企业里爬到的地位越高，你失去的东西就越多。美国梦并没有破灭。今天在美国十分流行的想法是：千万不能失去梦想。

I agree to this ideal: people should be good in all aspects, It is necessary to have not only the mind, but also magnificent physique. I hope to get some kind of happiness and joy. The United States is the best place to get these things, because the people here and their ideas come from all over the world. So far , here are still many people to seek a dream.

Now I know, It is not education, not opportunities, and not hard work, but power and fear that decide whether the American dream can come to be or not. The higher your position is in enterprise, the more you lose something. The American dream is not the end. The idea is very popular in the United States today: never lose one’s dream.

Unit 7

1. The old lady complained continuously（不停抱怨）about the way her granddaughters dressed .(carped 吹毛求疵)

2. His painting gave a concrete form(给一个…形式) to the spirit of the age.(embodied呈现)

3. The poor couple suffered great pain(经受巨大痛苦) every night over the decision to send their sons to school and keep their only daughter at home to help with farming

work.(agonized感到巨大痛苦)

4. He issued an open and direct （公开直接的）denial (否定)of the story that he was involved in bribery. (outright 直率的，彻底的)

5. Bill looked hard(凝视) at the computer screen, wondering what his programming mistake was. (peered凝视)

6. Mary’s parents knew clearly that their daughter’s poor （可怜的）scoreswould keep her out of any prestigious university. (mediocre中等的，普通的)

7. The company was flooded with（被…淹了）application letters after their advertisement for new employees appeared in local newspapers. (inundated 淹没)

8. The manager stubbornly opposed(坚决反对) the suggestion to reduce his staff despite his failing business. (bucked 抗拒)

9. John Bull is always speaking sharply(尖锐的地说) to his workers for no apparent reason. (snarling at咆哮)

10. The rain came gradually to a stop（逐渐开始停止）before we got started. (petered out 逐渐消失)

11. Gas lamps became obsolete(淘汰) when electric lighting became popular.

12. It is very hard for me not to wince(畏缩)when I see a nurse putting a needle into my arm.

13. No one would deny that the marathon is the most grueling(折磨人的) event in the sports meeting.

14. They whizzed through the rehearsal so that there would be time for a short meeting.

15. The film star made a(n)pretentious(自命不凡的，做作的) speech to journalists, stating that he only cared about art,not wealth.

16. The senator squelched（镇压）the reporters who tried to interrupt him during his speech.

17. It took a long time for him to mull（思索）over the whole thing before eventually making

a decision.

18. It was exciting to see such a movie for the first time, but we soon became jaded (厌

倦)when our TV was flooded with programs of a similar kind.

19. Jane hoped her new housemaid could be trusted, but she will had some misgivings（疑虑）.

20. When the war broken out, a large number of refugees crossed the border, seeking sanctuary（避难所）in the neighboring country.

21. Fame happened almost overnight for the 25-year-old actress, but she has been unfazed （坦然的）by all the recent media attention.

22. The man ’s posed(假装) as a health-worker in order to get into the old lady’s house, and then stole her money.

23. Years ago, people would have scoffed（嘲笑）at the notion that robots would operate on patients instead of surgeons.

24. Mrs. Williams was upset when she heard that her son had misbehaved（行为不端）at school.

翻译:

Clinton and Bush are different greatly from each other. Clinton attends in person to everything, trival of critical; He can memorize data well just like a computer; He and his advisors never fail to take part in the interminable meeting of politics or economy. On the contrary, Bush dislike a meeting that lasts over 15 minutes, and even loathes being bothered by confusing figures. Clinton has cared very much about public approval presented by polls since his early presidency, where Bush, in a sharp contrast, proclaimed at the outset of his election that he would make all decisions on his own.

Clinton is an avid reader, but his successor is not. Joyful, casual and elegant, the ex-president time and again drinks a little, but the new president has been a teetotal since he abstained from it 14 years ago.

Bush Jr. was born of a privileged WASP family in Texas, while the former, from an ordinary family, has tempered himself and developed his talents in hardships. He works with his wisdom and eloquence, which his successor is short of.