机械专业英语试题及复习资料

课程机械工程专业英语

课程性质（□必修□限选□任选）考试方式（□闭卷□开卷）

一、选择题（在每题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，本大题共15小题，每小题1分，总计15分）

1. If all points in a linkage move in parallel planes the system undergoes planar motion and the linkage may be described as a .

A. planar motion

B. planar linkage

C. joints

D. slide

2. Though frame material and design should handle damping, are sometimes built into frame sections to handle specific problems.

A .beams B. holes C. dampers D. screw

3. The maximum allowable deflection of a shaft ______ determined by critical speed, gear, or bearing requirements.

A. often

B. must

C. was

D. is usually

4. We will have to _____ to better and better solutions as we generate more information.

A. repeat many times

B. iterating

C. iterate

D. try ways

5. If a product configuration is _______ specified and then examined to determine whether the performance requirements are met.

A. finally

B. tentatively

C. temporary

D. have been

6. Manufacturing can be defined as the _____ of raw materials into useful products through the use of the easiest and lest-expensive methods.

A. transformation

B. processing

C. process

D. transforming

7. The planer and knee types of milling machine is _____ because of its flexibility.

A. used most commonly

B. most popular

C. the most commonly used

D. most powerful

8. As a result, the system will vibrate at the frequency of the _____ force regardless of the initial conditions or natural frequency of the system.

A. action

B. excitation

C. out

D. act

9. Before two components are assembled together, the relationship between the dimensions of the mating surfaces_______.

A. must be giving out

B. should printed clearly

C. must be specified

D. should be clearly noted

10. The main practical advantage of lower pairs is their better ability to trap lubricant between their ______ surfaces.

A. enveloping

B. mating

C. outer

D. outside

11. The word______ itself usually refers to the deterioration of metals and ceramics, while similar phenomena in plastics generally called ______.

A. recrystallization…. corrosion

B. recrystallization…degradation

C. degradation…corrosion

D. corrosion… degradation

12. Most frames _______ cast iron, weld steel, composition, or concrete.

A. are made from

B. are made up of

C. was produced by

D. was consist of

13. Rotating shafts particularly those that run at high speeds, must be designed to avoid operation

at speeds.

A . low

B .overload C. critical D. hollow

14. Although cast iron is a fairly cheap material, each casting requires a .

A. pattern

B. model

C. mold

D. patent

15. The term is used to describe joints with surface contact, as with a pin surrounded by a hole.

A. high pair

B. low pair

C. surface pair

D. rotary pair

二、完型填空（在每个小题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，本大题共15小题，每小题1分，总计15分）

The term shaft usually refers to a relatively long member of round cross section that rotates and transmits power. One or more members such as gears, sprockets, pulleys, and cams are usually (16) to the shaft by means of pins, keys, splines, snap rings, and other devices. These latter members are among the “associated parts” considered in this text, as are couplings and universal joint, which serve to (17) the shaft to the source of power or load.

A shaft can have a noround cross section, ant it need not necessarily rotate. It can be stationary and

serve to (18) a rotating member, such as the short shafts that support the nondriving wheels of an automobile. The shafts supporting(19) gears can be either rotating or stationary depending on (20) the gear is attached to the shaft or supported by it through bearings.

It is apparent that shafts can be subjected to various combinations of axial, bending, and(21) loads, and that these loads may be static or fluctuating. Typically, a rotating shaft transmitting power is

(22) to a constant torque (producing a mean torsional stress) together with a completely reversed

bending load (producing an alternating bending stress).

In addition to satisfying (23) requirements, shafts must be designed so that deflections are within acceptable limits. Excessive (24) shafts deflection can hamper gear performance and cause (25) noise. The associated angular deflection can be very destructive to no-self- aligning bearings(either plain or rolling). (26) deflection can affect the accuracy of a cam or gear driven mechanism.

Furthermore, the greater the flexibility -either lateral or torsional-the lower the corresponding (27) speed.

考生注意：考试时间120 分钟试卷总分100 分共 5 页第 1 页

Sometimes members like gears and cams are made (28) with shaft, but more

often such members (which also include pulleys, sprockets, etc)are made

separately and then(29) shaft. The portion of the mounted member in contact

with the shaft is the hub. Attachment of the hub to the shaft is made in variety of

ways. A gear can be gripped (30) between a shoulder on the shaft and a spacer,

with torque being transmitted through a key. The grooves in the shaft and hub into

which the key fits are called keyways.

16、A) cement B) attached C) connected D) concrete

17、A) endure B) transmit C) serve D) connect

18、A) support B) meet C) satisfy D) strong

19、A) aims B) idler C) terminal D) tomb

20、A) due to B) weather C) whether D) for

21、A) elasticity B) torsional C) inertia D) acceleration

22、A) subjected B)…connect C) and D) From

23、A) deeply B) strength C) clearly understand D) long time

24、A) identify B) cross C) round D) lateral

25、A) lucrative B) objectionable C) attractable D) terrible

26、A) Moment B)Torment C) Torsional D) Movement

27、A) high B) critical C) first D) important

28、A) work B) idealization C) integral D) simplification

29、A) mounted onto B) refers C) referring to D) indicates

30、A) deformations B) bending limits C) laternal D) axially

三、阅读理解（在每个小题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，填在题头的表中）（本大题

共20小题，每小题2分，总计40分）

Text 1

Engineering design is a systematic process by which solution to the needs of humankind are obtained .The process is applied to problems(needs) of varying complexity .For example, mechanical engineers will use the design process to find an effective, efficient method to convert reciprocating motion to circular motion for the drive train in an intnternal combustion engine;

electrical engineers will use the process to design electrical generating systems using falling water as the power source; and materials engineers use the process to design ablative materials which enable astrona uts to safely reenter the earth’s atmosphere.

The vast majority of complex problems in today’s high technology society depend for solution not on a single engineering discipline, but on teams of engineers, scientists, environmentalists, economists, sociologists, and legal personnel. Solutions are not only dependent regulations and political influence. As engineers we are empowered with the technical expertise to develop new and improved products and systems, but at the same time we must be increasingly aware of the impact of our actions on society and the environment in general and work conscientiously toward the best solution in view of all relevant factors.

Design is the culmination of engineering educational process; it is the salient feature that distinguishes engineering design is found in the curriculum guidelines of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology(ABET).ABET accredits curricula in engineering schools and derives its membership from the various engineering professional societies. Each accredited curriculum has a well-defined design component which falls within the ABET statement on design 订

线

read as follows.

Engineering design is the process of devising a system, component, or process to meet desired needs. It is decision making process(often iterative),in which the basic sciences, mathematics, and engineering sciences are applied to convert resources optimally to meet a sated objectives and criteria, synthesis, analysis, construction ,testing, and evaluation. The engineering design component of a curriculum must include most of the following features : development of student creativity, use of open-ended problem statement and use of modern design theory and methodology, formulation of design problem statement and specification, consideration of alternative solutions, feasibility considerations, production process, concurrent engineering design, and detailed system descriptions. Further, it is essential to include a variety of realistic constraints such as economic factors, safety, reliability, aesthetics, ethics, and social impact.

31、what’s the main meaning of message (1)?

A) Engineering design is a systematic process B) materials engineer’s main work

C) mechanical engineer’s has good idea D) electrical engineer’ main duty

32、In the author’s opinion, the design process is very complex and should taken into account many factors, from the

message who should NOT join into the design team _______.

A) environmentalists,

B) sociologists

C) engineers

D) Government officials

33、From the message, we can know the meaning of words “ABET”(at line third paragraph) is _____.

A) a set of accredits standard

B) a kind of design method

C) a department of US government which responsible for engineering design

D) A set of law

34、It can be concluded from the passage that in the exercise and training of student, which character of the following is

NOT included in the curriculum ______.

A) creativity

B) new material

C) ethics

D) economic factors

35、The title of the message is ______.

A) the roles of engineers in manufacturing

B) the importance of mechanical design

C) engineering design

D) The process of machine design

TEXT 2

Working drawings are the complete set of standardized drawings specifying the manufacture and assembly of a product based on its design. The complexity of the design determines the number and types of drawings. Working drawings may be on more than one sheet and may contain written instructions called specifications.

Working drawings are blueprints used for manufacturing products. Therefore, the set of drawings must:(a) completely describe the parts, both visually and dimensionally;(b)show the parts in assembly;(3)identify all the parts; and (4)specify standard parts. The graphics and text information must be sufficiently complete and accurate to manufacture and assemble the product without error.

共5 页第2 页

(1) Detail drawings of each nonstandard parts.

(2) An assembly or subassembly drawing showing all the standard and nonstandard parts in a

single drawing.

(3) A bill of materials (BOM).

(4) A title block.

A detail drawing is a dimensioned, multiview drawing of a single part, describing the part’s

shape, size, material, and surface roughness, in sufficient detail for the part to be manufactured

based on the drawing alone. Detail drawings are produced from design sketches or extracted from

3-D computer models. They adhere strictly to ANSI standards and the standard for the specific

company, for dimensioning, assigning part numbers, notes, tolerances, etc.

In an assembly, standard parts such as threaded fasteners and bearings are not drawn as details,

but are shown in the assembly view. Standard parts are not drawn as details because they are

normally purchased, not manufactured, for assembly.

For large assemblies or assembled with large parts, details are drawn on multiple sheets, and a

separate sheet is used for the assembly view. If the assembly is simple or the parts are small, detail

drawings for each part of an assembly can be placed on a single sheet.

Multiple details on a sheet are usually drawn at the same scale. If different scales are used,

they are clearly marked under each detail. Also, when more than one detail is placed on a sheet, the

spacing between details is carefully planned, including leaving sufficient room for dimensions and

notes.

36. Based on the message, which of the follow is wrong?

A) standard parts needn’t drawn as details

B) for simple parts, sometimes needn’t to draw the detail working drawing

C) for large assemblies details may drawn on multiple sheets

D) If different scales used in a single sheet, they should clearly marked under each detail

37. Working drawings for an assembly MAY NOT includes: ?

A) BOM B) title block

C) An assembly or subassembly drawing D) Detail drawings of all parts.

38. For detail drawing, Which one of the following statement is not true ?

A) should not has different scales

B) Detail drawing can produced from design sketches or extracted from 3-D computer

models.

C) detail drawing is a dimensioned, multiview drawing of a single part

D) should Adhere strictly to ANSI standards

39. From the message we can infer ANSI is ?

A) a set of law B) a set of notification

C) an Organization D) IEEE government

40. The topic of the message is ?

A) How to design working drawings.

B) working drawing’s character and the key influence of how to draw a working drawing

C) In the design process, what should be considered?

D) What is working drawing

TEXT 3

One principle aim of kinematics is to create (design) the desired motions of the subjects’ mechanical parts and then mathematically compute the positions, velocities, and accelerations, which those will create on the parts. Since, for most earthbound mechanical systems, the mass remains essentially constant with time, defining the accelerations as a function of time then also defines the dynamic forces as a function of time. Stresses, in turn, will be a function of both applied and inertial (ma) forces. Since engineering design is charged with creating systems which will not fail during their expected service life, the goal is to keep stresses within acceptable limits for the materials chosen and the environmental conditions encountered. This obviously requires that all system forces be defined and kept within desired limits. In machinery, the largest forces encountered are often those due to the dynamics of the machine itself. These dynamic forces are proportional to acceleration, which brings us back to kinematics, the foundation of mechanical design. Very basic and early decision in the design process involving kinematic principles can be crucial to the success of any mechanical design; a design which has poor kinematics will prove troublesome and perform badly.

Any mechanical system can be classified according to the number of degree of freedom (DOF) which it processes. The system’s DOF is equal to the number of independent parameters which are needed to uniquely define its position in space at any instant of time.

A rigid body free to move within a reference frame will, in the general case, has complex motion, which is a simultaneous combination of rotation and translation. In three-dimensional space, there may be rotation about any axis and also simultaneous translation which can be resolved into components along three axes. In a plane, or two-dimensional space, complex motion becomes a combination of simultaneous rotation about one axis (perpendicular to the plane) and also translation resolved into components along two axes in the plane

41、Kinematics research focus on the following EXCEPT ______..

A) accelerations B) force

C) positions, D) velocities

42、From the passage that for the design engineer the first and most important is____

A) the service life of a machine B) the materials choose

C) the degree of freedom D) kinematic principles

43、An mechanical system has uniquely defined position in space at any instant of time that ___.

A) It should has one DOF

B) It should Has two DOF

C) the DOF and the number of independent parameters should equal

D) It should has any DOF as want

44、which one of the following is NOT TRUE _______?.

A) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space may rotation about any axis

B) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space is a simultaneous combination of rotation

and translation

C) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space can be resolved into components along

three axes

D) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space may has complex motion

45、The best title for this passage would be _______.

A) kinematics B) dynamics

C) kinematics and dynamic D) the important of kinematics

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1．将下列英语句子译成汉语（共5小题，每小题2分）

（1）A perfectly rigid or inextensible link can exist only as a textbook type of model of a real machine member.

（2）Foundations should ensure the machine’s stiffness; shock absorption and isolation are secondary considerations.

(3)Thus, if a mechanical component such as a spring is subjected to repetitive or cyclical applications of stress levels much lower than the ultimate strength, it will fracture after a large number of repetitions of this stress.

（4）Interchangeability means that identical parts must be interchangeable, i.e., able to replace each other, whether during assembly or subsequent maintenance work; without the need for any fitting operations.

（5）A gear can be gripped axially between a shoulder on the shaft and a spacer, with torque being transmitted through a key.

2、将下段英语翻译成汉语（10分）

As we look around us we see a world full of “things”, machines, devices, tools, things that we have designed, built, and used; things made of wood, metals, ceramics, and plastics. We know from experience that some things are better than others; they last longer, cost less, are quieter, or are ease to use. Ideally , however, every such item has been designed according to some set of “functional requirements” as perceived by the designers—that is, it hs been designed so as to answer the question, “exactly what function should it perform?” In the world of engineering, the major function frequently is to support some type of loading due to weight, inertia , pressure, etc.

五、英译汉（共20分）

1、将下列句子译成英语（共5小题，每小题2分）

（1）一个或多个诸如齿轮，链轮，皮带轮和凸轮等类的构件通常借助于销、键、花键、卡环或其它装置连接到轴上。

（2）运动学仅研究机构的运动，而不考虑作用在机构上的力。

（3）工程上的许多问题在其本质上是非线性的，也就是说恢复力并不与位移成正比，而且阻尼力也不与速度的一次方成正比。

（4）在物体上所画的一条基准线，只会改变他的位置，而不会改变他的角度方向。

（5）当一个装置意外地失效后，通常需要进行研究工作，来找出失效的原因和确定可能的改正措施。

2. 将下段汉语翻译成英语（10分）

密度：材料的密度是指单位体积材料的质量。另外一个术语是比重，其表示某种材料的密度与水的密度的比值，因此，比重没有单位。对于如飞机和航天结构、汽车车体和部件，以及其他一些产品，当能量消耗和动力限制是主要考虑的因素时，减轻重量尤其重要。在设计先进的设备与机器和设计诸如汽车等消费品的过程中，采用新的替代材料来减轻重量和降低成本是一个应该着重考虑的问题

共 5 页第4 页

专业英语参考答案及评分标准（重修）

一、选择题: （本大题共15小题，每小题1分，总计15分）

1-5：BCDCB 6-10：ACBCA 11-15 DACAB

二、完形填空：（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，总计15分）

16-20：BDABC 21-25 ：BABDB 26-30：CBCAD

三、阅读理解：（本大题共20小题，每小题2分，总计40分）

31-35：ADABC 36-40 ：BC ACD 41-45：BDCA C

四、翻译（满分40分）

1、英译汉，(共5小题，每小题2分)

（1）A perfectly rigid or inextensible link can exist only as a textbook type of model of a real machine member.

一个绝对刚性或者不可伸长的构件只能作为真实机器零件在教科书中的模型而存在。

（2）Foundations should ensure the machine’s stiffness; shock absorption and isolation are secondary considerations.

基础应该保证机器的刚度，减震和隔离是次要的考虑事项。

(3)Thus, if a mechanical component such as a spring is subjected to repetitive or cyclical applications of stress levels much lower than the ultimate strength, it will fracture after a large number of repetitions of this stress.

因此，像弹簧这样的机械零件，在比其极限强度低很多的重复应力或周期性应力下，经过很多次的重复作用之后也会发生断裂.

（4）Interchangeability means that identical parts must be interchangeable, i.e., able to replace each other, whether during assembly or subsequent maintenance work; without the need for any fitting operations.

互换性意味着在相同的零件之间必须能够进行互换。无论是在装配时还是在其后的维修时，这些零件都可以互相取代而不需任何修配工作。

（5）A gear can be gripped axially between a shoulder on the shaft and a spacer, with torque being transmitted through a key.

一个齿轮可以用轴肩和挡圈进行轴向固定，并通过键来传递。

2、英译汉，10分

As we look around us we see a world full of “things”, machines, devices, tools, things that we have designed, built, and used; things made of wood, metals, ceramics, and plastics. We know from experience that some things are better than others; they last longer, cost less, are quieter, or are ease to use. Ideally , however, every such item has been designed according to some set of “functional requirements” as perceived by the designers—that is, it hs been designed so as to answer the question, “exactly what function should it perform?” In the world of engineering, the major function frequently is to support some type of loading due to weight, inertia , pressure, etc.

当我们环顾四周，我们可以看到一个充满“物体”的世界，机器、设备、工具等一切由我们设计、建造和使用的物体；有木头、金属、水泥和塑料制成的物体。从我们的经验我们知道一些物体会比其他一些物体更好，如使用寿命更长，成本更低，更轻便或者更容易使用。然而，在理想的情况下，每一件产品都是设计人员根据其对某些“功能要求”的理解而设计出来的，也就是说，在设计过程中，应该回答这样的问题，即“它应该具有那种确切的功能？” 在工程界中，最经常的功能是支撑一些由于重量、惯性力及压力等引起的载荷。

3、汉译英(共5小题，每小题2分)

（1）一个或多个诸如齿轮，链轮，皮带轮和凸轮等类的构件通常借助于销、键、花键、卡环或其它装置连接到轴上。

One or more members such as gears, sprockets, pulleys, and cams are usually attached to the shaft by means of pins, keys, splines, snap rings, and other devices.

（2）运动学仅研究机构的运动，而不考虑作用在机构上的力。

Kinematics is the study of motion in mechanisms without reference to the forces that act on the mechanism.

（3）工程上的许多问题在其本质上是非线性的，也就是说恢复力并不与位移成正比，而且阻尼力也不与速度的一次方成正比。

Many vibration problems in engineering are nonlinear in nature, i.e. the restoring forces are not proportional to the displacements and the damping forces are not proportional to the first power of the velocity.

（4）A reference line drawn on the body changes its linear position but does not change its angular orientation.

在物体上所画的一条基准线，只会改变他的位置，而不会改变他的角度方向。

（5）当一个装置意外地失效后，通常需要进行研究工作，来找出失效的原因和确定可能的改正措施。

When a device fails (unexpectedly) it is often necessary to carry out a study to pinpoint the cause of failure and to identify potential corrective measures

4、汉译英，10分

密度：材料的密度是指单位体积材料的质量。另外一个术语是比重，其表示某种材料的密度与水的密度的比值，因此，比重没有单位。对于如飞机和航天结构、汽车车体和部件，以及其他一些产品，当能量消耗和动力限制是主要考虑的因素时，减轻重量尤其重要。在设计先进的设备与机器和设计诸如汽车等消费品的过程中，采用新的替代材料来减轻重量和降低成本是一个应该着重考虑的问题

Density: the density of a material is its mass per unit volume. Another term id specific gravity, which express a material’s density in relation to that of water, and thus, it has no units.Weight saving is important particularly for aircraft and aerospace structures, for automotive bodies and components, and for other products where energy consumption and power limitations are major concerns. Substitution of materials for the sake of weight saving and economy is a major factor in the design both of advanced equipment and machinery and of consumer products, such as automobiles.