考研英语二模拟试题及答案解析(20)
考研英语二模拟试题及答案解析（20）
(1~20/共20题)Section ⅠUse of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Anonymity is not something which was invented with the Internet. Anonymity and pseudonymity has occurred throughout history. For example, William Shakespeare is probably a pseudonym, and the real name of this __1__ author is not known and will probably never be known.
Anonymity has been used for many purposes. A well-known person may use a pseudonym to write messages, where the person does not want people′s__2__of the real author__3__their perception of the message. Also other people may want to__4__certain information about themselves in order to achieve a more __5__ evaluation of their messages. A case in point is that in history it has been__6__that women used male pseudonyms, and for Jews to use pseudonyms in societies where their __7__ was persecuted. Anonymity is often used to protect the __8__ of people, for example when reporting results of a scientific study, when describing individual cases.
Many countries even have laws which protect anonymity in certain circumstances. For instance, a person may, in many countries, consult a priest, doctor or lawyer and__9__personal information which is protected. In some__10__, for example confession in catholic churches, the confession booth is specially__11__to allow people to consult a priest,__12__seeing him face to face.
The anonymity in__13__situations is however not always 100%. If a person tells a lawyer that he plans a__14__crime, some countries allow or even__15__that the lawyer tell the__16__. The decision to do so is not easy, since people who tell a priest or a psychologist that they plan a crime, may often do this to__17__their feeling more than their real intention.
Many countries have laws protecting the anonymity of tip-offs to newspapers. It is regarded as__18__that people can give tips to newspapers about abuse, even though they are dependent__19__the organization they are criticizing and do not dare reveal their real name. Advertisement in personal sections in newspapers are also always signed by a pseudonym for__20__reasons.
第1题
A.strange
B.ordinary
C.ridiculous
D.famous
第2题
A.preconception
B.worship
C.admiration
D.discrimination
第3题
A.color
B.destroy
C.distinguish
D.prefer
第4题
A.show
B.conceal
C.cancel
D.distain
第5题
A.funny
B.unbiased
C.fresh
D.straight
第6题
A.surprising
https://www.360docs.net/doc/5a11592467.html,mon
C.acknowledged
D.unbelievable 第7题
A.religion
B.belief
C.idea
D.synagogue
第8题
A.possession
B.honor
C.privacy
D.reputation
第9题
A.require
B.disperse
C.reveal
D.get
第10题
A.countries
B.files
C.regions
D.cases
第11题
A.cleaned
B.put
C.designed
D.automated
第12题
A.before
B.after
C.with
D.without
第13题
A.confessional
B.church
C.other
D.private
第14题
A.casual
B.serious
C.medium
D.temporary
第15题
A.beg
B.plead
C.appeal
D.require
第16题
A.police
B.confessor
C.boss
D.priest
第17题
A.keep
B.leak
C.intensify
D.express
第18题
A.insulting
B.important
C.forgivable
D.proud
第19题
A.of
B.among
C.on
D.within
第20题
A.unknown
B.striking
C.obvious
D.intimate
下一题
(21~25/共20题)Section ⅡReading Comprehension Directions :
Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
I can tap my smartphone and a cab will arrive almost immediately. Another tap will tell me the latest news, value my share portfolio or give me route directions to my next meeting. As a result, I do not need to stand on a street corner vainly trying to hail a taxi to the theatre, lose myself in London streets. The changes that have occurred in the past decade have, from an economic perspective, increased at virtually no cost the efficiency of household production.
The data framework within which economic analysis is conducted is largely the product of the second world war. In the 1930s American economist Simon Kuznets began to elaborate a system of national accounts. That work was given impetus when the war led governments to take control of important sectors of economic activity. It was soon realized that this required far better data than had previously existed, which in turn raised the challenge of how best to structure such information.
Household production—women′ s work as homemakers—did not have much of a look-in; that was not the front line against fascism. The joke about the man who reduced national income by marrying his housekeeper, so that a market transaction became part of household production, was once a mandatory part of every introductory course on national income accounting but has succumbed to political correctness.
Technological advance has always enhanced household as well as business efficiency. Our domestic productivity has benefited from washing machines, vacuum cleaners and central heating, and before that from electric light and automobiles. But at least these things were partially accounted for: from an economic perspective a car is a faster and cheaper horse. Statisticians in principle incorporated these improvements in the efficiency of consumer goods into their measurement of productivity, though in practice they did not try very hard.
But the technological advances of the past decade seem to have increased the efficiency of households, rather than the efficiency of businesses, to an unusual extent. An ereader in the pocket replaces a roomful of books, and all the world′ s music is streamed to my computer. We look at aggregate statistics and worry about the slowdown in growth and productivity. But the evidence of our eyes seems to tell a different story.
第21题
It can be implied from the first paragraph that______.
A.a new smartphone is created
B.the new smartphone has changed people′ s life
C.there are many changes in the past decade
D.economically speaking, the changes have improved the efficiency of household production
第22题
Creating the system of national accounts was given impetus when______.
https://www.360docs.net/doc/5a11592467.html,ernments controlled the important sectors of economic activity during the war
B.people realized this demanded far better data
C.it began to raise the challenge of how best to structure such information
D.it needed more data than before
第23题
The phrase "succumbed to" is closest in meaning to______.
A.turned to
B.submitted to
C.gave up
D.sent out
第24题
Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 4?
A.Technological advance has always improved the business efficiency.
B.Our domestic productivity has benefited from technological advance.
C.Statisticians in practice tried very hard as they did in principle.
D.In principle, the statisticians should consider these improvements in the efficiency of consumer goods when they measure productivity.
第25题
According to the last paragraph, the author believes______.
A.the technological advances have an unusual effect on people′ s life
B.the technological advances bring treats to real stores
C.we don′t need to be worried about the slowdown in growth and productivity
D.the evidence in life seems to be disadvantageous
上一题下一题
(26~30/共20题)Section ⅡReading Comprehension
Directions :
Read the following four terts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Although Consumers Union concedes that "no confirmed cases of harm to humans from manufactured nanoparticles have been reported", it adds that "there is cause for concern based on several worrisome findings from the limited laboratory and animal research so far." It worries that particles that are nontoxic at normal sizes may become toxic when nanosized; that these nanoparticles, which are already present in cosmetics and food, can more easily "enter the body and its Vital organs, including the brain", than normal particles; and that nanomaterials will linger longer in the environment. All of this really comes down to pointing out that some particles are smaller than others. Size is not a reliable indicator of potential harm to human beings, and nature itself is filled with nanoparticles. But the default assumption of danger from the new is palpable. Anti-nanotech sentiment has not been restricted to Consumers Union′s relatively short list of concerns. In France, groups of hundreds of protesters have rallied against even such benign manifestations of the technology as the carbon nanotubules that allow Parkinson′ s sufferers to stop tremors by directing medicine to their own brains. In England members of a group called THRONG (The Heavenly Righteous Opposed to Nanotech Greed) have disrupted nanotech business conferences dressed as angels. In 2005 naked protesters appeared in front of an Eddie Bauer store in Chicago to condemn one of the more visible uses of nanotech: stain-resistant pants.
These nanopants employ billions of tiny whiskers to create a layer of air above the rest of the fabric, causing liquids to roll off easily. It′s not quite what Kurzweil and Crichton had in mind, nor is it "little robots in your pants", as CNN put it. But nanotechnology arguably embraces any item that incorporates engineering at the molecular level, including mundane products like this one. Just as the nano label can be broadly applied to products for branding and attention-grabbing purposes, so too can critics use the label to condemn barely related developments by linking
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2017年考研英语（二）真题及答案解析（完 整版） 感谢：凯程洛老师提供真题。 2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题及答案 SectionI Use of English Directions: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different, with academics,writers,and activists once again1that technology be replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by2.A few wealthy people will own all the capital,and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland. A different and not mutually exclusive3holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort,one4by purposelessness:Without jobs to give their lives5,people will simply become lazy and depressed.6,today’s unemployed don’t seem to be havinga great time.One Gallup poll found that20percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression,double the rate for7Americans.Also,some research suggests that the 8for rising rates of mortality,mental-health problems,and addicting9poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs.Perhaps this is why many10the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’t11follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease.Such visions are based on the12of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment.In the13of work,a society designed with other ends in mind could14 strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure.Today,the15of work may be a bit overblown.“Many jobs are boring,degrading,unhealthy,and a waste of human potential,”says John Danaher,a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway. These days,because leisure time is relatively16for most workers,people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional17of their jobs.“When I come home from a hard day’s work,I often feel18,”Danaher says,adding,“In a world in which I don’t have to work,I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself19a hobby or a
2010至2019考研英语二新题型
2010 Copying Birds May Save Aircraft Fuel Both Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft. The 787 and 350 respectively . Their clever designs and lightweight composites certainly make a difference . But a group of researchers at Stanford University , led by Ilan Kroo , has suggested that airlines could take a more naturalistic approach to cutting jet-fuel use and it would not require them to buy new aircraft. The answer, says Dr Kroo , lies with birds . Since 1914, scientists have known that birds flying in formation-a V-shape-expend less energy. The air flowing over a bird ’w sings curls upwards behind the wingtips . a phenomenon known as upwash. Other birds flying in the upwash experience reduced drag, and spend less energy propelling themselves . Peter Lissaman, an aeronautics expert who was formerly at Caltech and the University of Southern California ,has suggested that a formation of 25 birds might enjoy a range increase of 71%. When applied to aircraft, the principles are not substantially different . Dr Kroo and his team modeled what would happen if three passenger jets departing from Los Angeles, San Francisco and I as Vegas were to assemble over Utah, assume an inverted V-formation occasionally change places so all could have a turn in the most favourable positions , and proceed to London. They found that the aircraft consumed as much as 15% less fuel (coupled with a reduction in carbon-dioxide output). Nitrogen-oxide emissions during the cruising portions of the flight fell by around a quarter. There are , of course , knots to be worked out . One consideration is safety , or at least the perception of it . Would passengers feel comfortable travelling in companion? Dr Kroo points out that the aircraft could be separated by several nautical miles , and would not be in the intimate groupings favoured by display teams like the Red Arrows , A passenger peering out of the window might not even see the other planes. Whether the separation distances involved would satisfy air-traffic-control regulations is another matter, although a working group at the International Civil Aviation Organisation has included the possibility of formation flying in a blueprint for new operational guidelines. It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows that make formation flight more efficient. In zones of increased turbulence, the planes ’wakes will decay more quickly and the effect will diminish. Dr Kroo says this is one of the areas his team will investigate further. It might also be hard for airlines to co-ordinate the departure times and destinations of passenger aircraft in a way that would allow them to gain from formation flight. Cargo aircraft, in contrast, might be easier to reschedule, as might routine military flight. As it happens, America ’asrmed forces are on the on case already. Earlier this year the country ’D sefence Advanced Research Projects Agency announced plans to pay Boeing to investigate formation flight, though the programme has yet to begin . There are reports that some
考研英语(二)模拟试卷
2010考研英语（二）模拟试卷 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10 points） Among the thousands of business schools now operating around the world you would be hard-pressed to find one that doesn't believe it can teach the skills of entrepreneurship. However, of the people who immediately 1 to mind when one thinks of entrepreneurs——Bill Gates, Richard Branson or Oprah Winfrey, for example—few have done more than 2 a speech at a business school. 3 , a recent study by King's College in London has suggested what many intuitively 4 : that entrepreneurship may actually be in the blood—more to do with genes than classroom experience. All of which 5 the question—does an entrepreneur really need a business-school education? Not surprisingly some of the best-known schools in the field have a 6 answer to this: they don't actually profess to create entrepreneurs, 7 they nurture innate ability. Or as Timothy Faley of the entrepreneurial institute at Michigan's Ross School of Business 8 it: “A good idea is not enough. You need to know how to 9 a good idea into a good business.” Schools do this in a number of ways. One is to 10 that faculty are a mix of classic academics and businesspeople with experience of 11 their own successful firms. They can also create “incubators” where students 12 ideas and rub shoulders on a day-to-day basis with the external business world, receiving both advice and hard cash in the form of investment. Arguably such help is now more important than ever. The modern entrepreneur is faced with a more 13 world than when Richard Branson began by selling records out of a phone box. According to Patrice Houdayer, head of one of Europe's best-known entrepreneurship schools, EMIYON in France, new businesses used to move through a 14 series of growth steps—what he terms garage, local, national and international. Now however, 15 the communications revolution, they can leapfrog these stages and go global more or less straightaway—encountering a whole new 16 of problems and challenges. In this 17 Professor Houdayer maintains that the increasingly 18 nature of MBA classes can help the nascent entrepreneur in three ways: by plugging them into an international network of contacts and advisors, by preparing them for the pitfalls and opportunities 19 with dealing across different cultures and by 20 them to the different ways that business is conducted around the globe.