李观仪《新编英语教程(1)》(修订版)学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】-unit4

Unit 4

一、词汇短语

Text I

1. contend [] v. a) to strive in controversy or debate; dispute争论；

b) to maintain or assert主张或声称：The defense contended that the

evidence was inadmissible.被告方声称证据是不可接受的。

2. blunt [] adj. a) having a dull edge or end; not sharp钝的，不锋利的：a

blunt knife一把钝刀；b) abrupt and often disconcertingly frank in speech

直言的：to be blunt (with you)老实说

3. mutilation [] n. the destroy done to sth.损毁，破坏：

The mutilation on his leg was caused in an accident.他腿上的伤是在一次事

故中造成的。

4. purchase[] n. & vt. to obtain in exchange for money or its equivalent; buy购买

5. prelude[]n. an introductory performance, event, or action

preceding a more important one; a preliminary or preface序幕，前奏：The

German invasion of Poland was a prelude to World War II.德国对波兰的侵

略是第二次世界大战的前奏。

6. illustration[]n. visual matter used to clarify or

decorate a text图解，图示：He used photographs as illustration for his

talk他用照片为他的演讲作图片说明。

7. beefsteak [] n. a slice of beef usually cooked by broiling牛排

8. butcher[]n. one that slaughters and dresses animals for food or market屠夫，屠户

9. consume [] vt. to eat or drink up; ingest吃光，消耗：Arguing

about details consumed many hours of the committee's valuable time.

争论细节问题耗费了委员会数小时宝贵的时间。

10. bloodstream[]n. the flow of blood through the

circulatory system of an organism血流

11. dog-eared [] adj. worn or shabby from overuse or (of pages) from

having corners turned down（书）卷角的

12. dilapidate [] v. to bring or fall into a state of partial ruin,

decay, or disrepair（使）损毁

13. scribble [] v. write hastily or carelessly, make meaningless marks

on paper, etc.乱涂，乱写乱画：She can’t write yet, but she loves to

scribble with a pencil.她现在还不会写字, 但她喜欢用铅笔乱涂。

14. intact [] adj. remaining sound, entire, or uninjured; not impaired

in any way完整无缺的，未受损害的：Despite his misfortunes, his faith and

optimism remained intact.虽然他遭到一连串的不幸，他的信心和乐观丝毫未

减。

15. unblemished [] adj. lacking blemishes or faults无疵的：an

unblemished employment record毫无污点的工作履历

16. elegantly[]adv. showing, having good taste, graceful,

done with care, skill and taste优美地，优雅地

17. crayon [] n. stick or pencil of soft colored chalk, wax or charcoal 蜡笔，彩色粉笔

18. so to speak as one might say, rather可以说是，简直是：His orders were issued into

a vacuum, so to speak.他的命令在某种程度上等于一纸空文。

19. symphony[]n. a long piece of music usually in four parts,

written for an orchestra交响乐，交响曲

20. typography[]n. the arrangement and appearance of printed matter印刷，排版

21. indispensable[]adj. not to be dispensed with;

essential不可缺少的，绝对必要的：For a successful class humour is

indispensable.要在课堂上取得成功, 幽默是必不可少的。

22. accomplish [] vt. to succeed in doing; to reach the end of完

成，达到：accomplish one’s mission完成使命【扩展】accomplishment

n. 技能，才艺，专长

23. fundamental [] adj. serving as an essential component

基本的，根本的：a fundamental law根本法则，基本定律

24. sharpen[]vt. to make or become sharp or sharper使锋利：

Debates sharpen one’s wits.辩论增长才智。

25. scratch pad [] n. a pad of paper for preliminary or hasty

writing, notes, or sketches便条簿

26. margin [] n. a) the blank space bordering the written or printed

area on a page空白页边；b) an amount allowed beyond what is needed

余地，幅度：There is no margin for error in our plan.我们的计划中不留有误

差幅度；c) (in business) the difference between the buying and selling

price赢余，毛利

27. resume [] vt. to begin or take up again after interruption重新开

始，继续：resume the thread of one’s discourse言归正传；b) to assume,

take, or occupy again重新取得，重返：The dog resumed its post by the

door.那只狗再次占据了门边的位置。

28. humility[]n. the quality or condition of being

humble谦逊：Humility is the foundation of all virtue.谦逊是美德之本。29. solely [] adv. alone; singly单独地，只有：Success should not be

measured solely by educational achievement.成功与否不应只用学业成绩来衡

量。

30. receptacle [] n. a container that holds items or matter容器

Text II

1. Biblical [] adj. relating to or written in the Bible圣经的

2. burgeon[] vi. to put forth new buds, leaves, or greenery;

sprout发芽，长出：Seeds begin to burgeon at the commencement of

spring.春天开始时种子开始发芽。

3. proliferate [] v. to increase or spread at a rapid rate激

增，扩散：fears that nuclear weapons might proliferate对核武器扩散的

恐慌

4. staggering [] adj. causing great astonishment, amazement, or

dismay; overwhelming令人大为吃惊的：a staggering achievement惊人

的成就

5. avalanche [] n. a) a fall or slide of a large mass, as of snow or

rock, down a mountainside雪崩，山崩；b) a massive or overwhelming

amount; a flood大量：The studio received an avalanche of mail.工作室收

到了大量的信件。

6. disregard [] vt. to pay no attention or heed to; ignore漠

视，忽视：He utterly disregarded my warnings and met with on accident.

他全然不听我的警告, 结果出了事故。

7. integral [] adj. a) essential or necessary for completeness必须

的：The kitchen is an integral part of a house.厨房是房子不可缺的部分。b)

possessing everything essential; entire完整的，整体的

8. stretch [] v. a) to reach or put forth; extend伸出，伸展：stretch out his

hand伸出他的手；b) to extend (oneself) when lying down伸躺：She

stretched herself out on the couch and fell asleep.她伸躺在沙发椅上睡着了。

9. customary [] adj. commonly practiced; usual习惯的，惯例的：

She gave the customary speech of thanks to the chairman.她照例向主席致

感谢辞。

10. triple[]v. to be or become three times as great in number or

amount增至三倍，成三倍

11. quadruple [] v. to multiply or be multiplied by four增至四倍，成四倍

12. perspective[]n. a) the technique of representing

three-dimensional objects and depth relationships on a two-dimensional

surface透视法；b) a view or vista景色，远景；c) subjective evaluation of

relative significance; a point of view观点，看法

13. preservation[]n. activity of protecting

something from loss or danger保存：The paintings were in an excellent

state of preservation.这些画保存的非常好。

14. regress[]vi. to go back; move backward退回，回归：Many

prisoners, on being freed, regress to a life of crime.许多囚犯，一旦获释，仍

去犯罪。

15. deficiency[]n. a) the quality or condition of being

deficient; incompleteness or inadequacy缺点，缺陷；b) a lack or shortage;

an insufficiency缺乏，缺少：a nutritional deficiency营养缺乏

16. tangled [] adj. in a confused mass混乱的，紊乱的：to free tangled

ropes解开纠缠在一起的绳索

17. havoc [] n. a) widespread destruction; devastation大范围的破坏；浩

劫；b) disorder or chaos混乱，无秩序：The wild party created havoc in the

house.狂乱的晚会搅得屋里一塌糊涂。

18. spurt [] n. a sudden short burst, as of energy or activity迸发：Blood