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eg. 1) I will go out tomorrow if it is fine. 2) I dont know if the train has arrived.

句1中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示条件，修饰主句。整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好，我就出去。

句2中if引导的是宾语从句，充当谓语动词dont know的宾语。整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否到达。

判断方法：

1、可以从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（个别除外），宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。

2、从引导词看。if充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether，词义为是否，充当状语从句的连接词时，词义为如果。

when充当宾语从句的连接词时，意为什么时候，充当状语从句的连接词时，意为当的时候。

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