1.高中英语语法通霸谓语和非谓语动词主动关系和被动关系讲解

1.高中英语语法通霸谓语和非谓语动词主动关系和被动关系讲解
1.高中英语语法通霸谓语和非谓语动词主动关系和被动关系讲解

高中英语语法通霸1:

什么是谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别主动关系和被动关系在英语中,一个主谓结构(简单句)中只能有一个谓语动词,再出现动词时,要变成非谓语形式,即:在前面

加to构成动词不定式,或在后面加-ing构成动名词或现在分词,或在后面加-ed构成过去分词。也就是说,非谓语

是指动词在句子不作谓语时所使用的形式,即:动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。

练习1.先找出句中的谓语,然后改正句中的错误,并说明原因。

1.Get up early is good for our health.

早起有利于我们的身体健康。

2.I want go home now. 我现在想回家。

3.My favorite sport is play football.

我最喜爱的运动是踢足球。

4.There is a bird sings in the tree.

有一只鸟正在树上唱歌。

5.The boy sits over there likes singing.

坐在那边的那个男孩喜欢唱歌。

6.The house was built last year has been sold out.

去年建的那座房子已经出售了。

7.The girls are singing over there are my classmates.

在那边唱歌的那些女孩是我的同学。

8.My parents wanted him work hard.

我父母亲想让他努力学习。

9.I remember saw him that day.

我记得那天看见过他。

10. I saw him walked into the building.

我看到他跑进那座建筑物。

考点1.主动关系和被动关系

先看下面两个题:

①______ wonderful, this kind of food enjoyed a good sale.

A. Tasted

B. Being tasted

C. Tasting

D. Having tasted

②The food ______ delicious q329950885sells well.

A. smells

B. smelled

C. smelling

D. is smelling

一些同学分别选A和B。他们说,食物是被品尝、被闻的,和食物构成被动关系,所以要用过去分词。

这种说法是错误的。

非谓语中的主动关系和被动关系,不是从谁做了这个动作着眼,而是从恢复成一句话后是“主动语态”还是“被动语态”着眼。

主动关系:从逻辑关系上看,相当于主动语态。

The boy crying over there is Tom. (在那边哭的那个男孩) 从逻辑上讲,the boy…cry, 男孩哭,相当于主动语态,

是主动关系。

被动关系:从逻辑关系上看,相当于被动语态。

The house built last year is the strongest. (去年建的那座房子) 从逻辑上讲,the house was built,房子被建,相当于被动语态,是被动关系。

在上两题中,逻辑关系可以表达为:This kind of food tasted wonderful. The food smells delicious. 逻辑上food和taste、smell是一种主谓关系,是主动语态,因此填现在

分词。

因此,上两题的答案为C和C。

考点2.非谓语的基本语法特征

英语中非谓语动词包括:动名词、现在分词、过去分词

和动词不定式。无论它们在句中作什么成分,他们都保

持着自己本身的属性特点。

动名词:具有名词功能,常在句中作主语、宾语;作定

语时表功能;

现在分词:表主动和正在进行, 常在句中作定语、状语、

宾补;

过去分词:被动和已完成,常在句中作定语、状语、补

语;

动词不定式:表将来具体某一次,常在句中作主语、定

语、状语、补语、宾语等。

要学好非谓语,掌握它们的基本语法特征很关键。

考点3.规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成规则(参看P.

错误!未定义书签。错误!未找到引用源。)

考点4.不规则动词的过去式和过去分词

不规则动词表(参看P错误!未定义书签。错误!未找到引用源。)

练习2.写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词

play

fly throw

plan stop

fight buy

teach catch

sing hang(悬挂)

hang(绞死) watch

ride write

tear wear

study carry

lay lie(平躺)

eat freeze

found find

shoot feed

read cost

stick dig

hear hit

hurt lead

draw grow

spit beat

mean deal

dream learn

shine speak

forgive begin

考点5.现在分词和动名词的构成规则(参看P.错误!未定义书签。错误!未找到引用源。)

练习3.写出下列动词的-ing形式

run swim

begin die

lie write

come say

study drop

考点6.以-l, -r, -ic结尾的动词的-ed形式和-ing形式

A.以-l结尾的动词的-ed形式和-ing形式

i.control 重音在第二个音节,要双写-l

control—controlled—controlled (英美都双写)

control—controlling (英美都双写)

ii.在非重读音节中,英国英语双写-l,美国英语不双写travel — travelled — travelled (英国英语双写-l)

travel — traveled — traveled (美国英语不双写-l)

travel — travelling (英国英语双写-l)

travel—traveling (美国英语不双写-l)

属于这类的还有:signal, equal, label, dial, quarrel等。

iii.在重读音节中,-l前不只一个元音时(构不成“两辅夹一元),在英美英语中都不双写-l。

cool — cooled— cooled (英美都不双写)

mail — mailed— mailed (英美都不双写)

mail — mailing (英美都不双写)

cool — cooling (英美都不双写)

属于这一类的还有:boil, fail, fool, sail, seal, spoil等。

B.以重读的-r音节结尾时,要双写-r再加-ed或-ing

-r音节指的是-ar, -er, -ir, -or, 和-ur。

refer — referred —referred 参看

prefer — preferred — preferred 比较喜欢

star — starred — starred 主演

stir — stirred — stirred 搅动

refer — referring参看

prefer — preferring 比较喜欢

star — starring主演

stir — stirring搅动

C.以-ic结尾,把-c变-ck加-ed或-ing

picnic—picnicked—picnicked野餐

panic—panicked—panicked 恐慌

picnic—picnicking 野餐

panic—panicking恐慌

练习4.写出下列动词的-ed形式和-ing形式

refer prefer

panic picnic

mail control

travel quarrel

答案

第1讲基本概念

练习5.先找出句中的谓语,然后改正句中的错误,并说明原因。

1.is是系动词,属于谓语部分;get up early在句中作主语,

要用成非谓语形式;作主语一般用动名词,因此把get 变为动名词getting。

2.want在句中作谓语;go home作宾语,而want后面常

跟不定式作宾语,因此在go前面加to。

3.is是系动词,后面跟表语,把play变为playing构成动

名词来作表语。

4.is为谓语动词,sings in the tree实际上是作bird的定语,

bird和sing构成主动关系,用现在分词作定语,因此,

把sings改为现在分词singing。5.likes是谓语动词,“坐在那边”作后置定语,“男孩”和“坐”

构成主动关系,因此用现在分词作定语,把sits改为

sitting。

6.谓语为has been sold out;“去年建的”作The house的定

语,两者构成被动关系,用过去分词作后置定语,因

此,把was去掉。

7.are是句中的谓语部分,“singing over there”作the girls的

后置定语,去掉are。

8.wanted是谓语;work hard作wanted的宾语补足语,

want后面通常跟不定式作宾补,因此在work前面加to。9.remember是谓语;remember用在“记得以前曾经发生

的事”时,后面通常跟动名词作宾语,因此,把saw改

为seeing。

10.saw是谓语,“走进那座建筑”是作saw的宾语补足语;

看到某人做了某事,常用see somebody do something,

因此,把walked改为walk。

练习6.写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词

played played flew flown threw thrown planned planned stopped stopped fought fought bought bought taught taught caught caught sang sung hung hung (悬挂)

hanged hanged (绞死) watched watched rode ridden wrote written

tore torn wore worn

studied studied carried carried

laid laid lay lain(平躺)ate eaten froze freezen founded founded found found

shot shot fed fed

read read cost cost

stuck stuck dug dug

heard heard hit hit

hurt hurt led led

drew drawn grew grown

spit/spat spit/spat beat beaten

meant meant dealt dealt

dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt

learned/learnt learned/ learnt

shone shone spoke spoken

forgave forgiven began begun

练习7.写出下列动词的-ing形式

running swimming

beginning dying

lying writing

coming saying

studying dropping

练习8.写出下列动词的-ed形式和-ing形式

referred referring preferred preferring panicked panicking picnicked picnicking mailed mailing controlled controlling travel(l)ed travel(l)ing quarrel(l)ed quarrel(l)ing

高中英语语法大全

(1)表语从句 1.定义:用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2.构成:关联词+简单句 3.引导表语从句的关联词的种类: (1) 从属连词that。如: The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 (2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如: He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注:从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句,但as if却可引导表语从句,如: All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday. gh能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如: It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 如:The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 解释: 1.连词because可引导表语从句。如: I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。 2.在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示,should可省略。如: My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。(2)主语从句 1.定义:用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2.构成:关联词+简单句 3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类: (1) 从属连词that。如:That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显,她们确是亲姐妹,她们的脸型很相似。 (2) 从属连词whether。如: Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如: What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的,谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。 解释: 1.主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有: A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如: It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。 B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that

动名词主动表被动的三种类型

在某些特殊结构中,动名词可以用主动形式表示被动意义,这主要见于以下几种情况: 一、“需要”型 在need, want, require几个表示“需要”的动词后,英语习惯上用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。如: He needs encouraging. 他需要鼓励。 Your hair wants cutting. 你需要理发了。 The front gate requires mending. 前门需要修理。 从意义上看,以上三句的动名词均含有被动意味,但用的都是主动形式。不过,如果改用不定式,则要用被动式,如上面也可说成: He needs to be encouraged. 他需要鼓励。 Your hair wants to be cut. 你需要理发了。 The front gate requires to be mended. 前门需要修理。 二、“值得”型 这类词比较典型的有三个,它们是(be) worth, deserve, merit——它们后面跟的动名词习惯上要用主动式表示被动意义,不能直接使用被动式。如: The film is worth seeing twice. 这个片子值得看两遍。 None of it is worth keeping. 这东西一点儿也不值得保存。 They merit praising. 他们值得表扬 说明:从搭配上看,be worth 和merit 后只能跟动名词,不能跟不定式;而deserve 后则通常是接不定式的。如: They deserved to be congratulated. 他们值得祝贺。 She deserved to win because she was the best. 她有资格获胜,因为她是最优秀的。 只有当它后面所接动词具有被动意义时才可用动名词,且要用主动形式表示被动意义;此时若改成不定式,则要用被动形式。如: 我认为他的文章不值一读。 I don’t think his article deserves reading. =I don’t think his article deserves to be read.

人教版英语非谓语动词形式讲解及答案推荐精选

人教版英语非谓语动词形式讲解及答案推荐精选 一、非谓语动词 1.It is wise ______Linda to make up her mind _______to play an instrument. A. for; learning B. for; to learn C. of; learning D. of; to learn 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:琳达下决心学弹乐器是明智的。由句子结构可知,不定式作真正的主语,放在句末,用it作形式主语。要用固定句型:It's + adj +for/of sb to do sth.前面的形容词来描述不定式时,要用介词for;形容词说明人时,要用介词of。这里的形容词wise是形容人的性格特征的,要用It's + adj +of sb to do sth.,故选D。 【点评】考查固定句型It's + adj +for/of sb to do sth.的用法区别。根据形容词的属性,选择正确的介词。 2.Our teacher often advises us the habit of making notes while reading. A. to develop B. develop C. to developing D. developing 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们的老师经常建议我们培养在阅读时做笔记的习惯。Advise sbto do sth建议某人做某事,所以选A。 3.Our teacher often tells us in the river. It's dangerous. A. not swim B. not to swim C. to swim D. swimming 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:游泳是危险的。题目中的 tell(告诉)是谓语,句子在连接第二个动词时,需要用 to 来连接,将其非谓语化,既不定式:to +动词原形。可以排除 A 和 D。所以可以推断出老师是告诉我们不要去游泳。因此选择不定式的否定形式,故答案为B。【点评】考查动词不定式,熟记固定搭配。 4.Would you mind ____________down the music? It's too noisy. A. to turn B. turning C. turn 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:你介意把音乐的音量调小一些吗?太吵了。A. to turn 不定式 B. turning 动名词(或现在分词) C. turn.动词原形。 mind.意为"介意;在乎"后面只能跟动名词作宾语,故答案选B。 【点评】考查动名词的用法,掌握固定搭配。

1.高中英语语法通霸第一二讲

高中英语语法通霸 第一讲相关概念 考点1,词性的英文缩写 在英语学习中,掌握单词词性非常重要。如果我们在记单词时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话,我们就不知道如何使用它们,所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。 缩写字母原词代表词性 n. noun 名词 v. verb 动词 vt. transitive verb 及物动词 vi. intransitive verb 不及物动词 modal v modal verb 情态动词 au. v auxiliary verb 助动词 adj. adjective 形容词 adv. adverb 副词 num. numeral 数词 Interj. Interjection 感叹词 pron pronoun 代词 prep preposition 介词 art. article 冠词 conj. conjunction 连词 考点2.及物动词和不及物动词 实义动词后面跟宾语时,这个动词是及物动词。实义动词后而不跟宾语时,此时这个动词是不及物动词 The door opened.(open后面没跟宾语,此时pen是不及物动词,) He opened the door.(open后面有宾语 the door,此时open是及物动词,) 注意:英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,关健是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。 A The meeting began at six.( begin是不及物动词,) We began the meeting at six.( begin是及物动词,) B The man walked away(walk是不及物动词,意为“走”) He walked the dog every day.(walk是及物动词,“遛”。)

高中英语语法最重要知识汇总

按:本套资料省去了名词、代词、形容词等部分,保留了最最核心的句型和动词。希望能有所帮助。 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一.主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如: a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 - b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。(强调句型) d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。(强调句型) 2. 用it作形式主语的结构 (1) It is +名词+从句 It is a fact that …; It is an honor that…; It is common knowledge that… (2) It is +形容词+从句 It is natural that…It is strange that… . (3) It is +不及物动词+从句 It seems that…It happened that…It appears that… (4) It +过去分词+从句 It is reported that…It has been proved that…It is said that… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况: (1)if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 (2)It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: 正确表达:It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. ( 错误表达:That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (3)It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: 正确表达:It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达:That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (4)It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: 正确表达:It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达:Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如: ; 正确表达:Is it likely that it will rain in the evening 错误表达:Is that will rain in the evening likely 4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然。例如:

不定式主动表被动

首先,要先明确不定式被动式的意义:如果不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者,不定式需用被动语态 例:He dislikes to be praised in public. 他不喜欢当众被表扬。(“他”作为动作"praise"的承受者,故用不定式) 用主动表被动的情况: 1、句中存在名词或代词可以作为不定式的逻辑主语,构成逻辑上的主谓关系 例:Mr.Bird gave the dog a few bones to eat. 这里是dog eat bone,也就是说是狗作为不定式中“吃”这个动作的主语,所以,可以用主动表被动 如果不具有这种结构,则仍需要用被动 例:The news reporter raised a few questions to be answered. 记者提了几个问题有待回答。(这里问题是由别人回答,而句中未出现具体有谁回答,也就是“answer”这个动词没有出现具体主语,所以要用被动) 2、在“形容词+不定式”的结构中,如果不定式与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,用主动表被动 例:The plane is dangerous to fly. 这架飞机开起来很危险 句中是“开” “飞机”,不定式中的动词"fly"与主语“plane”构成动词与宾语的关系 3、在there be结构中,用不定式主动表被动 例:There is always much housework to do in the house. 这里用to do而非to be done,一定要记住~ 4、在特定句子中要用主动表被动 例: 1)The house is to let. 这房子待出租。(用to let ,而非to be let) 2)He is not to blame. 他不该被责备

(英语)英语非谓语动词解析版汇编

(英语)英语非谓语动词解析版汇编 一、非谓语动词 1.I look forward _____ you soon. A. see B. seeing C. to see D. to seeing 【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意:我盼望尽快见到你。look forward to doing sth盼望做某事,故答案为D。 【点评】考查固定搭配,注意look forward to中的to是介词,后跟动名词。 2.—I think the environment is terrible these years. —Yes, it will be even worse the government takes action it. A. until; protect B. unless; to protect C. if; protecting 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:——我认为这几年来环境太糟糕了。——是的,环境会变得更糟糕,除非政府采取措施保护环境。A. until; 直到…为止,B. unless除非,如果不,连词;C. if 如果,连词;until和if放在这里,句意不通顺,take action to do sth. 采取行动去做某事,动词不定式作目的状语,故选B。 【点评】此题考查连词短语和固定搭配。 3.—Jack hasn't taken his piano lessons for a long time. —He is considering _________ his piano course and spending more time on his study. A. to drop B. to throw C. dropping D. throwing 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:——Jack很久没有上钢琴课了。——他在考虑放弃钢琴课,把更多的时间花在学习上。consider doing sth考虑做某事。drop放弃;丢掉;throw扔掉。故选C。 【点评】考查动名词和动词辨析。 4.My parents didn't allow me ______ to the party. A. go B. to go C. goes D. went 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】:本题考点为非谓语动词(固定用法)。allow sb. to do sth.,即“允许某人做某事”。故答案为B。

1.高中英语语法通霸句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语

1.高中英语语法通霸句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语

高中英语语法通霸1. 句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语定语 英语的句子成分主要有六种:即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。(可以熟记为:主谓宾,定状补) 除了这六种主要成分之外,还有“表语”和“同位语” 的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语,因此划分成分时,划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语,属于主语或宾语的一部分。 考点1.划分句子成分时的常用符号 英语中划分句子成分的符号 主语在下面画直线 谓语在下面画曲线 宾语在下面画双横线 定语在下面画虚线(一行点使我们想到一排钉子,“钉”谐音为“定语”的“定”) 状语下面为短横线(短横线使我们想到短木桩,木桩撞(状)钟) 补语上一短横,下一短横(下一短横好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空隙) 同位语上下双曲线(都有曲折,上下位置基本相同)考点1.主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当。 可以作主语的词性或语法结构: 1. 名词 2. 代词 3. 数词 4. 不定式 5. 动名词 6. 主语从句等表示。 7. 名词化的形容词(如the rich) 在英语中,形容词、副词和介词短语是不能作主语的。如果它们在句首时,句子可能是倒装句,真正的主 语在后面。 On the desk are some books. (主语是books,所以用are) Down jumps the boy. (主语是the boy,所以用jumps ) Gone are the days. (主语是the days,所以用are) 练习1.在下面句子的主语下面画横线,并说出由什么充当。 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. 7.When we are going to have English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language. 9.That he isn’t at home is not true. 10.There comes the bus. 11.Beyond the village lies a small village. 12.Now comes your turn. 考点2.谓语 谓语由动词充当,说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下: A.简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如: He practices running every morning. He reads newspapers every day. B.复合谓语: ①由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。如: You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. My sister is crying over there. I have been waiting for you all the time. I would stay at home all day. Has he come back? He did n’t attend the meeting yesterday. ②由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语,要和 表语一起作谓语。如: We are student s. Your idea sounds great. 考点3.表语 表语多是形容词,用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语 从句表示。 练习2.画出下列句中的表语,并说明由什么充当。 1.Our teacher of English is an American. 2.Is it yours? 3.The weather has turned cold. 4.The speech is exciting. 5.Three times seven is twenty-one. 6.His job is to teach English. 7.His hobby(爱好)is playing football. 8.The machine must be under repairs. 9.The truth is that he has never been abroad. 考点4.宾语 宾语由名词性的词充当,表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语。 练习3.画出下列句中的宾语, 并说明由什么充当。 1.They planted many trees yesterday. 2.(How many dictionaries do you have?) I have five. 3.They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 4.I wanted to buy a car. 5.I enjoy listening to popular music. 6.I think(that)he is fit for his office.

英语动词不定式有主动和被动两种形式

英语动词不定式有主动和被动两种形式。当不定式所说明的人或物是不定式所表示的动作的对象,即是一种动宾关系时,不定式用被动形式。当不定式所说明的人或物是不定式所表示的动作的执行者,即是一种主动关系时,不定式用主动形式。 在某些情况下,不定式虽然与所说明的人或物是动宾关系,但仍用主动形式。这种不定式主动形式表示被动意义的情况主要有下列几种: 一、当不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系,又与句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系时,该不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。例如: I have a meeting to attend. 我有个会议要参加。(to attend与I有主谓关系) Give him some books to read. 给他一些书看。(to read与him有主谓关系) 如果不属于上述情况,则表示被动意义时仍需要用被动形式。试比较下面两句: 1. Have you anything to do this afternoon? 你今天下午有事要做吗? 2. Have you anything to be taken to the city (by me or someone else) ? 你有什么东西要带到城里去吗? 句1中主语you与不定式to do存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,to do实际上指的是you的动作,所以用主动形式表示被动意义;而句2中主语you与不定式to take不存在逻辑上的主谓关系,不定式所指的并非是you的动作,所以仍要用被动形式to be taken表示被动意义。 二、当不定式在"There be..."句型中用作定语修饰主语而表示被动意义时,一般情况下,既可以用主动形式,也可以用被动形式。在口语中用主动形式的时候更多一些。例如: There is no time to lost (to be lost). 时间紧迫,不能耽误了。 There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of). 还有好多事要处理。 但是应该注意以下两点: (1)如果不定式结构加了"for sb."表示的逻辑主语,那么用主动形式或被动形式则须视sb. 是其动作的发出者或承受者而定。例如: There are still many questions for us to discuss. 我们还有许多问题要讨论。

英语非谓语动词专项讲解与训练

中考英语非谓语动词专项讲解与训练 非谓语动词一 (动词不定式) 1. 不定式的否定形式是在to的前面直接加not。如: My mother decided not to have a trip to Yunnan with me. 我妈妈决定不和我去云南旅游了。 2.不定式可以和疑问词who, which, what, how, where,when连用,构成不定式短语,在句子中作主语、宾语或表语。如: Could you tell me how to operate this machine? 你能告诉我怎样操作这台机器吗? 3.动词不定式的句型或结构考查 ① It+be+adj.+of+sb.+to do sth.意为“某人能做某事真是太……了”。

此句型中的形容词通常是表示主观感情或态度的形容词。如:good,kind,nice,wise,clever,foolish,right,wrong,careful,careless等。如: It's very wise of you to do it ahead of time. 你提前做了那件事真是太明智了。 .② It+be+adj.+for+sb.+to do sth.意为“对……来说做某事真是太……了”。 这些形容词通常是表示客观情况的形容词。如:easy,hard,difficult,important,necessary,impossible,interesting等。如: It's necessary for us to take a map when traveling. 对我们来说,旅行的时候带一张地图是有必要的。 ③ too...to do结构, in order to do 结构enough to do结构 too...to结构意为“太……而不能”,enough to结构意为“足够……以至于能……”。如: The water is too hot to drink. 水太烫了不能喝。In order to do 为了-- .④主语+think/find/feel/ believe/consider等+it+adj.+to do sth.+其他,意为“某人认为/发现做某事……”。如: I think it easy to finish the paper in three hours. 我认为三个小时完成这篇文章是很简单的 非谓语动词二 (动名词) ① 有些动词或词组后常跟动名词作宾语,常见的有: finish(完成),practice(实践),worth(值得),be busy doing (忙于),keep(继续),be used to(习惯于),give up(放弃),consider(考虑),can't help(忍不住;情不自禁), feel like(想要), miss(错过),imagine(想象),mind(介意),avoid(避免),enjoy(喜欢;享受),have fun(玩得开心),look forward to(期待)suggest (建议) 巧思妙记 完成实践值得忙;

高中英语句子成分分析讲解即时练习巩固

第1讲句子成分 英语的句子成分主要有六种:即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。(可以熟记为:主谓宾,定状补) 除了这六种主要成分之外,还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语,因此划分成分时,划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语,属于主语或宾语的一部分。 考点1.划分句子成分时的常用符号 英语中划句子成分的符号 主语在下面划一直线 谓语在下面划曲线 宾语在下面划双横线 定语在下面划虚线(一行点使我们想到一 排钉子,“钉”谐音为“定语” 的“定”) 状语下面为短横线(短横线使我们想到短 木桩,木桩撞(状)钟) 补语上一短横,下一短横(下一短横好像是 为了弥补上面短横间的空隙) 同位语上下双曲线,(虽都有曲折,上下位置 基本相同 考点2.主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当。 可以作主语的词性或语法结构: 1.名词 2.代词 3.数词 4.名词化的形容词(如the rich) 5.不定式 6.动名词 7.主语从句等表示。 练习1.在下面句子的主语下面划横线,并说出由什么充当 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. 7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language. 9.That he isn’t at home is not true 练习2.改正下列句中的错误,并说明原因 1.He failed the exam is the reason why he dropped out. 2.That why he was late for school was that his mother was ill. 3.Beyond the mountains lie a small village. 4.Gone is the days when I had to go to school on foot. 5.Play basketball is my favorite sport. 6.Give up English is not an option. 考点3.谓语 谓语由动词充当,说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下: 1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如: He practices running every morning. He reads newspapers every day. 2、复合谓语: (1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caugh t a bad cold. My sister is crying over there. I have been waiting for you all the time. I would stay at home all day. (2)由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语,要和表语一起作谓语。如: We are students. Your idea sounds great. 考点4.表语 表语多是形容词,用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 练习3.划出下列句中的表语,并说明有什么充当。 1.Our teacher of English is an American. 2.Is it yours? 3.The weather has turned cold.

高中英语语法总结(完整版;高中必看!)

高中英语语法总结(完整版;高中必看!) 专题一:定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语 which指物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语(作宾语时可以省略) who指人在从句中作主语,宾语或表语 whom指人在从句中作宾语 whose指人或物在从句中作定语 as指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语 but指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语 注意:指物时,whose+名词=the+名词+of which或of which+the+名词2、as 的用法 (1)常用于下列结构:such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意:the same…as 表示同一类,不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个

(2)as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后,主句前或主句中间;which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用,表达说话人的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的根据或出处,意为“正如,正像”。 Which相当于并列句,可以用and this来代替,意为“这一点,这件事’”。 注意:as常用于下列结构:as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 c、在从句中作主语时,which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语,而as只可作系动词be的主语。 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。

动词不定式主动形式表示被动意义

动词不定式主动形式表示被动意义 1、look ,feel ,smell, sound, taste等系动词在句中做谓语 This coat feels very soft and smooth. Her voice sounds very pleasant.. The dishes taste delicious. 2.有些动词做不及物动词,用来表示主语的内在品性或性质。 如:wash, clean, cook, iron, cut , sell, read, wear, feel , draw, write , sell 等 The book sells well. This knife cuts easily. My new pen writes well. 3.在need , require, want , worth (adj )后的动名词可以主动表被动 The door needs repairing. This book is worth reading. Her mother is ill .She needs looking after. 4.在疑问词what/which/whom+不定式结构中,主动表被动 I don’t know which to choose . He asked me what to do . 5.在某些固定句型中, 动词不定式作定语, 用主动形式表被动意义。 1)have(give, show)sth. to do 在这种句型中的不定式与前边的名词有动宾关系, 又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系。例如: I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. to do与things是动宾关系, 与I是主谓关系。否则, 在表示被动意义时, 仍需要被动式。试比较: Have you anything to do this afternoon? 今天下午你有事要做吗? (to do是由you发出的) Have you anything to be taken to your parents? 你有要带给你父母的东西吗? (谁带不得而知) 再如: Please get me something to read. 请给我弄点读的材料。 He'll show you the right path to take. 他会给你指出要走的正确的路。 There is much work to do. Have you any questions to ask? Would you like something to drink? 2)It(This, That)+be+a/an+adj. + n. +to do 在这种句型中, 不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系。动词不定式可改为动词不定式复合结构。 例如: This is a difficult question to answer. 这是个难答的问题。 question与to answer为动宾关系。to answer可改为 for me to answer。

高中的英语非谓语动词讲解-(整理)

非谓语动词 非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(-ing)、现在分词(-ing)与过去分词(-ed)。它们不受主语人称和数的限制,在句子中不能充当谓语,但可以充当句子的其他成分,并且有时态和语态的变化。 动词不定式

定义:动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,它没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能独立作谓语,但它仍保持动词的特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语。 一、不定式的意义 1. 不定式的一般式:一般式表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后。当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动式(to be done). eg: He seemed to be tired. The building to be finished next month is for our teachers. 2. 不定式的进行式:进行式表示动作正在进行,与谓语的动作同时发生。 . When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world. 3. 不定式的完成式:如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前,就用完成式;若是在此基础上的被动含义,就用完成被动式( to have been done).

. He is said to have written a novel about the Long March. He is said to have been taught French when he was a child. 4. 不定式的完成进行式:如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行或有可能继续进行的动作,就要用完成进行式. eg: We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month. 二、不定式的用法: 1. 不定式做主语:不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。而动名词doing 表示习惯的,经常的动作。 1)不定式作主语时,谓语用单数 To do such things is foolish. 2)主系表结构 To see is to believe. 3)it形式主语。当主语较长,谓语较短时,常用it做形式主语,将不定式放到谓语的后面。 常用于下列结构中: (1)It is/was +adj.+(of sb.) to do…(如 good/ kind/ nice/ clever/ foolish/ selfish…) (2)It is +adj.+(for sb.)+to do…(如easy / difficult / hard / / unwise / possible/ necessary…) (3)It is +a/an +名词+ to do...(如a pity/ a shame / a pleasure /one’s duty / an honor …)

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