直接引语和间接引语,教案

同方教育个性化教学辅导教案

学科: 英语任课教师：授课时间：2011年7月5日(星期二)

姓名年级课题人教英语必修1 总课时__ 第__课

教学过程一、直接引语和间接引语

直接引语：直接引用别人的原话。

例：He said:" It is too late."

间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，多数以宾语从句的形式构成。

例：He said it was too late.

直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的问题

第一：人称的变化

主语为第一人称的直接引语，变间接引语时，人称要做相应调整。

直接引语She said," I am hungry."

间接引语She said she was hungry.

直接引语Mum said to me," You must clean your bedroom by yourself."

间接引语Mum told me that I had to clean my bedroom by myself.

第二：时态变化

直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。其规律如下图。

直接引语间接引语

一般现在时：

“I am very glad to visit your workshop,” she

said.

“我很高兴参观你们的车间。”她说。

一般过去时：

She said that she was very glad to visit our

workshop.

她说她很高兴参观我们的车间。

正在进行时：

“I am checking your homework now,” his

mother said.

“我现在正在检查你的作业，”他母亲说。

过去进行时：

His mother said that she was checking his

homework then.

他母亲说她当时正在检查他的作业。

现在完成时：

“Have you handed in the money for the

tickets?” the monitor asked.

“你交票款了吗？”班长问。

过去完成时：

The monitor asked me if I had handed in the

money for the tickets.

班长问我是否交票款了。

一般过去时：过去完成时：

①主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，间接引语的时态与原来直接引语的时态一样，不

必改变。如：

She says,“I will have finished my homework by myself.”她说：“我一定要独自完成作业。”

She says that she will have finished her homework by herself.

The businessman will say,“I have paid for it.”那位商人肯定会说：“我已经付款了。”

The businessman will say that he has paid for it.

②直接引语说的是科学真理、格言时，无论主句用何时态，间接引语仍用一般时。如：

The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”

地理老师说：“太阳在东方升起，在西边落下。”

The geography teacher said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

③直接引语带有表示纯属过去的时间状语时，间接引语仍保持一般过去时，而不改为过去完成时。如：

The old man said,“I joined the Red Army in 1934.”那位老人说：“我1934年参加红军。”The old man said that he joined the Red Army in 1934.

第三：指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。

直接引语间接引语

指示代词this that

these those

时间状now then

today that day

this morning (afternoon…)that morning (afternoon…) tonight that night

S he said, “My mother took me to an exhibition yesterday.”

她说，“我母亲昨天带我去看了展览。”She said that her mother had taken her to an exhibition the day before.

她说她母亲前一天带她去看了展览。

过去完成时：

“Had you finished your homework before you watched TV?” Her mother asked her.“你是做完作业才看电视的吗？”她妈妈问她。过去完成时：

Her mother asked her if(whether) she had finished her homework before she watched TV.她妈妈问她是不是完成作业才看电视。

一般将来时：

“I’ll come to see you tonight,” she said to him.她跟他说，“我今晚去看你。”过去将来时：

She told him that she would go to see him that night.她跟他说，她当天晚上去看他。

现在(过去)完成进行时：

He said,“I’ve been coming to see you for ages.”他说，“我好久都一直想来看你。”

“What had she been eating?”the doctor asked.“她吃什么来着？”医生问。过去完成进行时：

He said that he had been coming to see me for ages.他说他好久都一直想来看我。

The doctor asked what she had been eating. 医生问她吃什么来着。

语yesterday the day before

last night the night before

the day before yesterday two days before

the day after tomorrow in two days

ago before

tomorrow the next (following)day

next week (year…)the next week (year…)

地点状语here there

方向性动词come go

bring take

第四：句式上的变化

1.陈述句变间接引语时，用that连接。

如：She said," I am a student."

She said that she was a gstudent. (that可以省略)

2.一般疑问句，选择疑问句变间接引语时，要用陈述语气，并要加连词if或whether。

例如：She asked me," Are you Mr. Li?"

She asked me if I was Mr. Li.

She asked us," Do you want to go on a picnic?"

She asked us if we wanted to go on a picnic.

3.特殊疑问句变间接引语要用特殊疑问词引导。

例如："How much have we spent on petrol this year," Susan asked her husband.

Susan asked her husband how much they had spent on petrol that year.

4.直接引语是祈使句时，改为间接引语首先要将主句谓语动词按原文口气改为asked, told, advised, ordered, begged, commanded, warned,然后将祈使句的谓语动词变为不定式，成为宾语补足语结构。即：“主语+asked(advised…)+sb.+(not) to do sth.”“Don’t do that again, boys.” Said the old man.(直接引语) The old man advised the boys not to do that again. (间接引语)

5.直接引语是感叹句时，可用what或how引导，也可用that引导。如：

“What a lovely day it is today!”said the visitor.“今天天气多好啊!”游客说。(直接引语)

The visitor said what a lovely day it was that day. (间接引语)

The visitor said that it was a lovely day that day. (间接引语)

实战演练

1．He said he ________his old friends for a long time.

A．didn’t see B．wouldn’t see

C．hasn’t seen D．hadn’t seen

2．He called me this morning and asked where ________last night.

A．did I go B．was I

C．I was D．I had been

3．He was told ________he could recover and return to work in a week.

A．when B．whether

C．that D．why

4．When asked ________they needed most，the kids said they wanted to be loved.

A．what B．why

C．whom D．which

5. As soon as he comes back，I’ll tell him when ________ and see him.

A. you will come

B. will you come

C. you come

D. do you come

6. A famous website was making an online survey asking us ________ the film Jaws.

A. how do we like

B. how we liked

C. how did we like

D. how we like

7. Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ________after drinking.

A. never to drive

B. to never drive

C. never driving

D. never drives

句型转换（将以下直接引语改写为间接引语，间接引语改写为直接引语）

1. “I’m very glad to visit your factory,” said the visitor.

_____________________________________________________________________

2. The woman told us that she did not like American movie very much.

_____________________________________________________________________

3. “When shall we go outing this autumn?” the students asked.

_____________________________________________________________________

4. She asked them whether they were interested in history or geography.

_____________________________________________________________________

二、现在进行时

现在进行时由"助动词be（is/am/are）+ v-ing"构成。它的用法如下：

1、表示说话人说话时正在进行的动作，它不涉及该动作的发生和结果，译成汉语"正在"，这一用法常和表示此刻的时间状语连用，如now, at this time, at present，at the moment等。

2、表示现阶段但并非眼下正在进行着的动作，这种动作常与表示一段的时间状语连用，如these days , this week等。

3、表示将来的动作,表示某个按最近的计划或安排将要进行的动作，或即将开始或进行的动作。常用的这类词go, come, leave, stay, start, arrive, land, meet, move, return, stay, stop, do, dine 等，通常要与表示将来的时间状语连用，以区别此刻正在进行的动作。

例：He is coming to see you tomorrow.他明天要来看你。

4、表达褒贬等感情色彩

和always ,forever, instantly, continuously等频度副词连用，表示经常、反复发生的动作，不强调动作的进行性。表达厌烦、愤怒、抱怨、赞扬等情感。

She is always changing her clothes.她老是换衣服。（表责怪）

He is always working hard.他总是学习很用功。（表赞赏）

They're forever quarrelling about something.他们老是为某件事争吵。(不满)

5、wonder, hope, think 等表示心理的动词用于进行时可以表示婉转的语气

I'm wondering if I may come a little late.我在想我能不能晚来一会儿。

实战演练

1. Since I won the big prize，my telephone hasn’t stopped ringing. People________to ask how I am going to spend the money.

A. are phoning

B. phone

C. will phone

D. had phoned

2. The traffic in our city is already good and it________even better.

A. is getting

B. has got

C. gets

D. got

4. —Have you got any jobs yet?

—Well，I have got several offers，but not so suitable. I________still________.

A. have been；waiting

B. would；wait

C. am；waiting

D. have；waited

5. —What is the terrible noise?

—The neighbours________their kitchen.

A. have repaired

B. are repairing

C. repaired

D. will repair

三、定语从句

用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。

（一）、关系代词引导的定语从句

1. 关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that

who指人，在从句中作主语,不能省略。

Is he the man who wants to see you?

whom指人, 在从句中作宾语, 可省略。

Do you know the man (whom) we saw at the Beijing Hotel?

which指物，在句子作主语或宾语，作宾语可以省略；which还可以指代一句话。

I'm not interested in the book which has been just published.

The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy..

He succeeded in the competition，which made his parents very happy.

that指人或物，在句子作主语或宾语，作宾语可以省略。

The house that I'm going to buy faces south.

whose用来指人或物(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换), 例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.

2.关系代词的用法

（1）如果先行词是all，much，anything，something，nothing，everything，little，none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which.例如：

All the people that are present burst into tears.

（2）如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first，last，any，only，few，mush，no，some，very 等词修饰，关系代词常用that，不用which，who，或whom.例如：

The first English book that I read was “The Prince and the Pauper” by Mark Twi n .

(3) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that.例如：

The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.

（4)当主句是以who 或which 开始的特殊疑问句时，用that 以避免重复。

Who is the person that is standing at the gate .

（5）非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that，作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如There are about seven million people taking part in the election，most of whom are well educated 3.“介词＋关系代词”是一个普遍使用的结构

（1）“介词＋关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词＋关系代词”结构中的介词可以是in，on，about，from，for，with，to at，of，without 等，关系代词只可用whom或which，不可用that .

（2）from where为“介词＋关系副词”结构，但也可以引导定语从句。例如：

We stood at the top of the hill，from where we can see the town.

（3）像listen to，look at，depend on，pay attention to，take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：

This is the boy whom she has taken care of.

二、关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词也可以引导定语从句

关系副词在从句中分别表示时间、地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where 充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。

三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

1.二者差异比较

限制定语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词这间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词、关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。

2.关系代词和关系副词的选择依据

弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分，作状语的应选用关系副词；作主语、宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。

3.先行词与定语从句隔离

定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如：

He was the only person in this country who was invited

四、as在定语从句中的用法

1.as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置

as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面。中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如：

（1）As is expected，the England team won the football match.

（2）The earth runs around the sun，as is known by everyone.

2.as, which的比较

1).在非限制性定语从句中，均可替代整个主句或句中某个部分，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语．如从句在主句之后，两者皆可用

They failed in the exam, as/which is natural.

She seems a scientist, as/which in fact she is.

Grammar is not a set of dead rules, which/as I have said before.

2).如从句在主句之前，用as

As we all know, his parents were killed in this war.

As is known to all, the earth travels around the sun.

3).如关系代词代表主句全句意思，有“正如．．．”“就象．．．”之意时，用as

We won the match, as we had expected.

He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected.

4).当先行项被the same, such, so修饰时，用as

This is the same book as you bought yesterday.同类书

(比较：This is the same book that you bought yesterday.同一本书)

Don’t believe in such men as praise you to your face.

I never give my students so difficult a question as no one can work out.

5). as 也可以用来引导非限制性定语从句，用来指代一件事，这时它的位置可以放在句首、句中和句尾。

He is an American, as/which we know from his accent.

As we know from his accent, he is an American.

He, as we know from his accent, is an American.

实战演练

1．Jack’s speech was heard by a group of five judges，all of ________agreed that it was the best one this year.

A．who B．which C．that D．whom

2．________is reported in the newspaper，talks between the two countries are making progress.

A．It B．As

C．That D．What

3．Last week，we watched Beijing Opera，________style was unfamiliar to most of us.

A．what B．which C．where D．whose

4.I am very grateful to my high school teachers，without ________help I wouldn’t be so excellent.

A．whom B．them C．which D．whose

5．The opening ceremony is to be held in the lecture hall this afternoon，________can seat 400 people.

A．where B．when C．that D．which

6. Mark was a student at this university from 2006 to 2010，________he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students’ Union.

A．during which time B．for which time C．during whose time D．by that time 7．Last week，only two people came to look at the house，________wanted to buy it.

A．none of them B．both of them C．none of whom D．neither of whom 8．She may have missed the train，________ she won’t arrive for another hour.

A．in which case B．in her case C．in any case D．in that case

9. After visiting China，most of the foreign friends said they would never forget the time________they had spent in China.

A．that B．what C．when D．at which

10．More wild tigers have been seen in the forest around this area，________there used to be very few.

A．when B．where C．what D．which

Homework

一、Fill in the blanks with who, whom, whose, which and that.

1. The man ____ I saw told me to wait.

2. The man to _____ I spoke was a foreigner.

3. I know a boy ______ father is an acrobat. (杂技演员)

4. He saw a house _____ windows were all broken.

5. All the apples ____ fall are eaten by wild boars.

6. Can you think of anyone ____ could look after him?

7. This is the best hotel ____ I know.

8. He showed a machine _____ parts are too small to be seen.

9. Look at that lady ______ name is Pochi.

10. He is a teacher _________ I like very much.

11. Those pictures _________ were drawn by Tom are nice.

12. Those _____will go to the park stay here.

13. That was all the money ______I had.

14. Tom is the first boy _____left the room.

15. Look at the boy and his dog _____are coming this way.

16. You can read any book _____I have.

17. That was the year _____I went to America.

18. we came to the town, ______we stayed for 2 hours.

二、单词拼写

1．We can’t do it best if we don’t ________(完全地)put our hearts into the thing we are doing.

2．All children like to play ________(在户外)instead of staying indoors when the weather is fine.

3．I am ________(感激的)to you for your timely help.

4．Our parents are always ________(关心)about our study and health all the time.

5. Not having seen him for a long time，I can hardly ________ (认出)him.

6. They went ________(直接)home without stopping at the gas station，for it was too late.

7. The result of the long police investigation is that the ________(身份)of the killer is still a complete mystery.

8. I know from the young man’s ________(口音)that he is from the South.

9. After the flood，many things have been________(运送)to the flooded area.

10. I think you don’t know your own________(缺点). In fact，no one is perfect.

11. He is so________(顽固的)that nobody can change his mind.

12. As soon as he found out I was a doctor，his________(态度)changed and he became no longer doubtful about my advice.

13. My grandfather is unhealthy all the time，but he isn’t interested in life________(保险).

14．Her graduation from college was a great ________(事件)．I did not want to miss. 15．It’s wrong for you to take ________(躲避)under the tree in the storm.

16．Many people went to the ______ (灾难)area to help the victims as volunteers after the Wenchuan Earthquake happened.

17．While I was cooking supper，the ________(电)went off.

18．When the second earthquake happened，some of the ________(救援)workers and doctors were trapped under ruins.

19．Bill Gates is a ______(大方的)person，who has given millions of dollars to help many poor children.

20．He was involved in a bank robbery and was ______(判刑)to three years in prison. 21．Under the teacher’s________(指导)，we successfully finished the chemistry experiment.

22．It does serious harm to children’s character that too much________(暴力)is shown on television.

23．The man who ________(逃跑)from prison 10 years ago was arrested last week.