妇产科全英文名词解释和简答(含中文注释)

妇产科全英文名词解释和简答（含中文注释）

鸣谢美丽的美丽的和美丽的：O7和阿默

名词解释

妊娠生理

Braxton hicks 收缩the pregnant uterus produces painless palpable contractions at irregular intervals from an early stage in gestation, these braxton hicks contractions, however, are not positive sighs of pregnancy, since similar contractions are sometimes noted in cases of hematometra（宫腔积血）and occasionally with soft myomas, especially the pedunculated submucous variety

妊娠诊断

Fetal lie胎产式the term lie refers to the relationship between the long axis(长轴) of the mother and the long axis of the fetus（胎儿）

Fetal presentation胎先露the presenting part is the portion of the fetus that descend first through the birth canal（产道）

Fetal position胎方位the exact fetal position is determined by the relationship of some definite part of the fetus （the guiding point）to a fixed area of the maternal pelvis（母体骨盆）

Fetal attitude 胎势attitude refers to the relationship of the parts of the fetus to each other

Hegar’s sign 黑格氏征on bimanual examination（双合诊）the isthmus uteri（子宫峡部）feels exceedingly doughy（柔软的）at about 6-8 week after the last period

异常妊娠

Abortion 流产abortion is the termination of a pregnancy before the end of the 28week when the fetus weight lesser than 1000g

Threatened labor 先兆流产Before 28 weeks of gestation showed a small amount of vaginal bleeding, followed by paroxysmal（阵发性）abdominal pain, without rupture of fetal membranes （胎膜）and dilation of cervix, the size of the uterus is consistent with pregnant weeks

Missed abortion 稽留流产when the embryon（胚胎）dies and it is retained in uterus

Habitual abortion 习惯性流产/recurrent abortion（复发性流产）this is defined as 3 or more consecutive abortion with the same sexual partner

Ectopic pregnancy 异位妊娠implantation of the fertilized ovum（受精卵）in a site outside the uterine cavity

妊娠合并内科疾病

HELLP syndrome HELLP 综合征hemolysis(溶血), elevated liver enzymes（肝酶）, and low platelets（血小板）syndrome

胎盘与胎膜异常

Placenta previa 前置胎盘the entire placenta or part of it is implanted in the lower portion of the uterus rather than in the upper active segment, and located lower than the presenting part of the fetus after 28 week

Placenta abruption 胎盘早剥partial or complete detachment of the placenta from a site of normal implantation in the uterine wall before delivery of the fetus and may occur at any time after 20 week’s gestation

Uteroplacental apoplexy(couvelaire uterus) 子宫胎盘卒中hemorrhage infiltrates

（浸润）the uterine wall. Making it appears purlish ecchymosis,（青紫瘀斑）muscle bundles disrupted and degenerated, then uterus loss its contractile power,

（收缩力）resulting in postpartum hemorrhege

产前检查与孕期保健

OCT or CST (orytocin chellenge test, or contraction stress test) 缩宫素激惹试验measuring the FHR response to the stress of spontaneous or oxytocin（催产素）induced contraction (UC) forms to basis of this test of fetal placental reserve OCT

positive: recurrent (at least two) late deceleration of the FHR, i.e, slowing in the heart rate develops at about the middle of the contraction and returning to the baseline after the contraction subsides, in addition, the amplitude（振幅）and the duration of the deceleration must parallel the amplitude and duration of the underlying Negative: at least 3 contractions in 10 minutes, and each lasting at least 40 seconds, the FHR are observed without late deceleration, a negative test within a weak of delivery provided reliable assurance that the fetus will survive and probably tolerate labor and delivery well

NST (nor-stress test)无应激试验

NST is a test for observing and recording reserve of fetus without any external stimulation and uterine contraction(子宫收缩）Divided into reactive NST,dubious NST,non-reactive NST

Reactive:the Fad must have a smooth, regular configuration and there must be 3 or more FADs per 20 minutes with a duration of greater than 15 seconds and more than

15bpm amplitude

Non-reactive: this classification includes no fetal activity either spontaneously oneously or with stimulation, and no demonsthable FHR change in response to stimulation

正常分娩

Mechanism of normal labor 分娩机制the mechanism of labor is a term applied to the series of changes in the attitude and position of the fetus that permits it to progress through the irregular shaped pelvic cavity

Engagement 衔接the mechanism by which the biparietal diameter（双顶径）, the greatest transverse diamete of the head in vertex presentation（顶先露）,passes through the pelvic inlet is designated engagement, a phenomenon that usually occurs in primigravidas with normal pelves （骨盆）during the last few weeks of pregnancy but does not ordinarily take place in multiparas until after the commencement of labor

Internal rotation 内旋转this movement is a turning of the head in such a manner that the occiput（枕骨）moves anteriorly around the The longitudinal axis of the pelvis（骨盆纵轴）making the interparietal suture（矢状缝）consistent with the anteroposterior diameter of the pelvis and pelvis outlet（骨盆以及骨盆出口的前后径）

Onset and diagnosis of labor 临产诊断the contractions of labor occur regularly and usually increase until they recur every 5 to 6 minutes and last from 30 to 40 seconds, which cause progressive effacement （消失）and dilatation of the cervix, and descent of the presenting part（胎先露部）

Physiologic retraction ring 生理性缩复环as a result of the thining of the lower

uterine segment and the thicking of the upper. The boundary between them is marked by a ridge（隆起）on the inner uterine surface, the ridge is called the physiologic retraction ring

Signs of separation of placenta 胎盘剥离征象1.the rising up of the uterus as a small firmly contracted mass，to a level above the umbilicus（脐）2. Lengthening of the cord（脐带）3. A small amount of vaginal bleeding 4.traction upwards of the fundus（宫底）fails to draw the cord up with it

Retained placenta 胎盘滞留the placenta which retained in the uterine cavity for more than 30 minutes is called retained placenta

异常分娩

Prolonged latent phase 潜伏期延长the time started from regular uterine effacement（子宫收缩）to enter the active phase is longer than 16 hours. Prolonged active phase 活跃期延长after the cervix（宫颈）dilated（扩张）to 3cm,labor progresses over slow, the time of active phase lastes over 8 hours. The cervical dilatation progresses at a rate less than 1.2cm/hr in primigravida（初产妇）and less than 1.5cm/hr in multipara（经产妇）

Arrested active phase 活跃期停滞the cervical dilatation does not change over 4 hours during the active phase

Protracted second stage 第二产程延长when the cervix fully dilates the contractions become weak and the intervals prolong, the span of time is over 2 hours in nullipara（初产妇）and over 1 hour in multipara（经产妇）, it is called that the second stage is prolonged

Neglected transverse lie 忽略性横位

in labor, the shoulder is forced into the pelvic but cannot descend, the hand and arm fall into the vagina, while, the head and buttocks（臀部）is obstructed above the inlet. （骨盆入口）the upper uterine segment becomes progressively thicker while the lower segment be thinner, a pathological retraction ring （病理性缩复环）can appear, the uterus may rupture

Prolonged labor 滞产when the course of labor lasts for more than 24 hours it is called prolonged labor

Pathologic retraction ring 病理性缩复环

a pathologic retraction ring (bundle ring) develops during obstructed but otherwise normal labor. The ring forms at the junction of the active upper and the relatively passive lower uterine segments and actually is the lower border of the unusually thick upper segment, because descent and expulsion（排出）of the fetus are impelled. The lower segment becomes excessively lengthened and thinned and the upper segment shortened and thickened. Unless the obstruction is overcome, the uterus may rupture（子宫破裂）. The ring can be felt and sometimes even seen as a ridge just below the umbilicus（脐）, it becomes more obvious as labor presses Constriction ring 痉挛性缩复环

a constriction ring is tetanic（强直）annular（环）contraction of smooth muscle that may occur at any level in the uterine wall. The ring does not change position, and it may be applied so tightly around the fetus body that it prevents descent

分娩期并发症

Postpartum hemorrhage 产后出血the total blood loss with delivery and during the first 24 hours after birth is estimated to exceed 500ml

正常产褥

The puerperium 产褥期is the period generally 6 weeks that starts immediately after delivery and is completed when the reproductive tract has returned to the normal nonpregnant condition

产褥期并发症

Late puerperal hemorrhage 晚期产后出血hemorrhage may occur at any time during the first 24 hours after delivery (early delayed hemorrhage) or several days later (late delayed hemorrhage)

Puerperal infection 产褥感染puerperal infection is any postpartum infection of the genital tract（生殖道）arousing partial or general infection morbidity 产褥病率puerperal morbidity is an oral temperature over 38℃2 times on any of the first 10 postpartum（产后的）days, excluding the first 24 hours

子宫内膜异位症与子宫腺肌病Endometriosis 子宫内膜异位症it is the presence of functional endometrial(子宫

内膜) tissue outside the uterine cavity

Adenomyosis 子宫腺肌病adenomyosis means islands of endometrial tissue located deep in the myometrium

Adenomyoma 子宫腺肌瘤if the endometrial（子宫内膜）implants in the myometrium（子宫肌层）and is localized as a circumscribled （局部的）mass, it is called adenomyoma on section you can see a whorled （漩涡的）grayish white mass very similar to that of a fibroid （子宫肌瘤）, but no capsule is present

子宫颈肿瘤

intraepithelial carcinoma or carcinoma in situ CIS 宫颈原位癌CIS of the cervix is terms used to describe the completely haphazard（杂乱无章）replacement of the stratified（分层的）epithelium上皮by abnormal cells showing the characteristic loss of polarity and nuclear atypism（非典型）and changes in nuclear cytoplasmic（细

胞浆的）ratio of neoplastic（新生的）cells. The abnormal cells do not penetrate the basement membrance. The process limited to the epithelium

Carcinoma in situ with glandular involvement 原位癌累及腺体in intraepithelial carcinoma(上皮内癌症), these tumor frequently extend up into the cervical canal and replace the columnar cells（柱状上皮细胞）lining the cervical glands, put the basement membrane of the glands remains intact（完整的）and uninvaded

Early invasive carcinoma or microinvasive carcinoma 宫颈早期浸润癌或镜下浸润

癌

microinvasive（微创）carcinoma of the cervix is established only by histologic（组

织学）study, since there is no grossly（肉眼的）visible or obvious malignant tumor in the cervix. In some cases the lesion（损伤）is largely carcinoma in situ（原位）, but

penetration（浸润）of the basement membrane by a small cluster of cells or spray of cells for a depth of less than 5mm below the basement membrane may occur. There is no evidence of lymphatic or blood vessel invasion and confluence（融合）of the spray-like arrangement（排列）of cancer cells

Invasive carcinoma of cervix 宫颈浸润癌it is defined as penetration of the basement membrane by carcinoma cells with or without blood vessels or lymphatic invasion. The depth of penetration is usually greater than 5mm below the basement membrane

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia CIN 子宫颈上皮内瘤变a general term for the

growth of abnormal cells on the surface of cervix. And was classified from 1~3 to described how much of the cervix contains abnormal cells

子宫肿瘤

Intramural myoma or interstitial myoma 肌壁间肌瘤the myoma lies within the uterine wall and surrounded by myometrium（子宫肌层）. It comprises（包括）approximately 70% of all uterine myoma

Subserous myoma or subperitoneal myoma 浆膜下肌瘤the myoma just covered by the serosal（浆膜的）surface of the uterus and bulges （隆起）outward from the myometrium（子宫肌层）

Intraligamentous myoma 阔韧带肌瘤the tumor that grow laterally between the leaves of the broad ligament are called intraligamentous myoma

Submucous myoma 粘膜下肌瘤the myoma lies beneath the endometrium（子宫内膜）and sticking out into the uterine cavity

Red degeneration 肌瘤红色变性this type of degeneration occurs during pregnancy. Thrombosis（血栓形成）venous（静脉的）congestion（淤血）and the interstitial（间质的）hemorrhage（出血）are responsible for the color of a myoma undergoing red degeneration. The process is usually accompanied by extreme pain

卵巢肿瘤

Myxoma peritonei 腹膜粘液瘤in mucinous cystadenoma（粘液性囊腺瘤）a rare complication which sometimes develops if rupture of the cyst, the epithelium cells may seed onto the peritoneum（腹膜）and produce a pseudomyxoma peritonei（腹膜假粘液瘤）. The shape resembles the metastasis of ovarian carcinoma

Dermoid cyst 皮样囊肿the mature teratoma（畸胎瘤）which belongs to benign （良性）ovarian tumor,is also called dermoid cyst

Meig’s syndrome 美格斯综合征ovarian fibromas（卵巢纤维瘤）accompanied by ascites（腹水）or hydrothorax （胸水）

Krukenberg’s tumor 库肯勃氏瘤an special metastatic（转移的）ovarian carcinomacomes from gastrointestinal tract, which usually bilateral（双侧的）of moderate size, and retained the normal shape of the ovary

妊娠滋养细胞疾病

Hydatidiform mole 葡萄胎trophoblastic cells（滋养细胞）have different degree of proliferation （增生）. There is significant cystic degeneration（囊性变）of villous

（绒毛的）stroma. Various size of vesicle（水泡）are formed. Connected with small pedicle（蒂的）and looks like a cluster of grapes,so it is called hydatidiform mole

Invasive mole 侵袭性葡萄胎trophoblastic cells（滋养层细胞）proliferate（增殖）more market than the cell of hydatidiform mole（葡萄胎）, the villous stroma（绒毛

间质）also form grape-like vesicle(水泡状) due to cystic degeneration of stroma. It’s invasive ability is strong and can invade into the myometrium（肌层）and metastasize

（转移）to romote places

生殖内分泌疾病

Secondary amenorrhea 继发闭经secondary amenorrhea（闭经）in the absence of menses（月经）far 6 months in a woman whose, normal menstrucation（月经）has been established or for 3 normal intervals in a woman

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding, DUB 功血occurence of irregular and excessive uterine bleeding, patients have no organic disorders. Uterine bleeding is caused by dysfunction of hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis（下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴）Premature ovarian failure 卵巢早衰amenorrhea（闭经）failure of ovary happened before 40

Sheehan’s syndrome席汉综合征

this syndrome is due to atrophy （萎缩）of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, caused by ischemic（缺血的）necrosis（坏死) followed severe postpartum hemorrhage or shock. Amenorrhea（闭经）occurs with atrophy of genitalia（生殖器）. Sterility（不育）,loss of libido（性欲）and often the feature of hypothyroidism

（甲减）such as loss of hair, dry wrinkled skin, apathy（冷漠）and constantly feeling cold

Asherman’s syndrome

amenorrhea that follows distruction or climination（消除）of the endometriu（子

宫肌层）. It is usually the result of overzealous curettage（清宫术）, postpartum or artificial abortion. The result is intrauterine scarification（宫内瘢痕）, which may be

seen as a pattern of multiple synechiae（粘连）on hysterography（宫腔造影）

不孕症与辅助生殖技术

Infertility 不孕症a couple is said to be infertile if pregnancy does not resulted after 2 years of normal sexal activity without contraceptives（避孕）

rd from the myometrium（子宫肌层）

计划生育

Artificial abortion syndrome 人流综合征the major symptoms are brachycardia（心

动过缓）,arrhymia（心律失常），hypotension（低血压），pale-faced, profuse sweating （多汗）and syncope（晕厥）even convulsion（惊厥抽搐）during the artificial abortion operation

简答

1.test ovarian function in amenorrhea patients卵巢功能检查

(1)basal body temperature

(2)cytological examination of smears from the vagina（阴道脱略细胞学）

(3)diagnostic curettage（诊断性刮宫）

(4)examination of cervical mucus（宫颈粘液）

(5)investigation of E2 and P levels in plasma

(6)B-scan ultrasonography（B超）

2.Test placental function胎盘功能检查

(1)test E3 in urine

(2)test PRL and hPL in blood serum

(3)fetal movement

(4)OCT

(5)test vaginal exfoliated cells（宫颈脱落细胞）

(6)Manning score

3.Mechanism of labor in LOA 左枕前位的分娩机制

(1)engagement（衔接）

(2)descent（下降）

(3)flexion（俯屈）

(4)internal rotation（内旋转）

(5)extension（仰伸）

(6)restitution（复位）

(7)external rotation（外旋转）

(8)expulsion of fetus（胎儿娩出）

https://www.360docs.net/doc/605267888.html,mon causes of Postpartum hemorrhage产后出血的原因(1)uterine atony（子宫收缩乏力）

(2)placenta factors（胎盘因素）

(3)genital tract lacerations（软产道撕裂）

(4)clotting defects（凝血功能障碍）

5.Operation indication of urterine myoma 子宫肌瘤的手术指征

(1)menorrhagia（月经过多）leading secongdary anemia（继发贫血）

(2)compression symptoms（压迫症状）of bladder or rectum（膀胱或直肠）

(3)infertility（不孕）or abortion（流产）excluding other cause

(4)suspicion of sarcomatous（肉瘤）change

(5)severe abdominal pain, sexual pain, chronic pain

https://www.360docs.net/doc/605267888.html,plication of induced abortion人流的并发症

(1)uterine perforation子宫穿孔

(2)artificial abortion syndrome

(3)incomplete removal of the fetus and placenta吸宫不全

(4)hemorrhage

(5)the implanted zygote being missed by the cure漏吸或空吸

(6)intrauterine adhesions宫内粘连（书上没有这一条）

(7)amniotic fluid embolism（AFC，羊水栓塞）

(8)infection

(9)distant complication

请注意：妇产科的趋势是比较少出英文简答，而是出英文选择和名解。