定语从句中易犯的错误及仅用that的特殊用法

定语从句中易犯的错误及仅用that的特殊用法

作者：高始源

定语从句是初中阶段的一个难点，学生容易出错其中以下几点最为常见：

一. 在定语从句中加了多余的宾语

1．误：Some of the boys I invited them didn’t come．

正：Some of the boys I invited didn’t come．译：我邀请的男孩中有几个没有来。

析：应删去them，因为从句的宾语是省略了的whom，who或that。

3．误：The book that you need it is in the library．

正：The book that you need is in the library．译：你需要的书在图书馆里。析：应删去it，因为从句的宾语是关系代词that。

二. 把定语从句谓语动词的单、复数弄错

1．误：Anyone who break the law will be punished．

正：Anyone who breaks the law will be punished．译：任何违犯法律的人将被处罚。析：应改break为breaks，因为who指anyone，是单数。

2.误：Those who has finished may go home

正：Those who have finished may go home．译：做完了的人现在可以回家。析：应改has为have，因为who指those，是复数。

3.误：He is the only one of the teachers who know French in our school．正：He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school．译：他是我们学校中唯一懂法语的人。析：应改know为knows，因为one前有the only 之类限定词，定语从句在意义上修饰的是the only one，是单数，而不是复数名词the teachers。

4.误：This is one of the rooms that is free now．

5.正：This is one of the rooms that are free now．译：这是目前空着的房间之一。析：应改is为are，因为one前没有the only之类的限定词，定语从句在意义上修饰的是名词复数the rooms，而不是单数one。

三. 省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词

1．误：Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth

正：Children who/ that eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth．译：吃糖多的孩子往往牙齿不好。析：应加上关系代词who或that，因为从句少主语，且主语不能省略。2.误：The key opens the bike is missing．

正：The key that／which opens the bike is missing．译：开这辆自行车的钥匙不见了。析：应加上关系代词that或which，因为从句少主语，且主语不能省略。

四. 定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或介词

1.误：The house where he lives in needs repairing．

正：The house where he lives needs repairing．

或：The house he lives in needs repairing．译：他住的房子需要修理。析：应保留where，删去从句中的in，因为关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，in属多余。或删去关系副词where，因为where在这里的意思是in which，否则介词in就重复了。

2. 误：I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing．

正：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing．

或：I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing．

译：我仍记得我第一次来到北京那天的情景。析：应删去on，因为when在这里的意思是on which，否则介词on就重复了，或把when改为which

五. 在作先行词的时间名词或地点名词后错用了关系代词或关系副词

1. 误：I still remember the day when we spent together．

正：I still remember the day that／which we spent together．

译：我仍记得我们在一起度过的日子。

析：应改when为that或which，因为从句中谓语动词spent是及物动词，其后应跟宾语而不是时间状语。

2.误：This is the house where we lived in last year．

正：This is the house which／that we lived in last year．译：这是我们去年住过的那个房子。析：应改where为which或that，因为从句谓语动词lived后有介词in，其后少介词宾语，而不是地点状语。

六. 在先行词reason后错用关系副词why

1. 误：Have you asked her for the reason why may explain her absence？正：Have you asked her for the reason that／which may explain her absence？译：你是否向他问过可以解释他缺席的原因？

析：应改why为that或which，因为定语从句缺少主语，而不是少原因状语。2. 误：I don’t believe the reason why he has given for his being late．

正：I don ’t believe the reason that ／which he has given for his being late ． 译：我不相信他所提供的他迟到的原因。 析：应改why 为that 或which ，因为从句谓语动词has given 后缺少宾语，而不是缺少原因状语 。 七. 误将强调句型当定语从句

1. 误：It was in the kitchen where the fire broke out.

正：It was in the kitchen that the fire broke out ． 译：大火发生在厨房。 析：应将where 改that ，因为原句还原为The fire broke out in the kitchen 后，在语法和句意上均成立，故此题是强调句型，而非定语从句。

2. 误：Was it because it snowed last night when you didn ’t come ？ 正：Was it because it snowed last night that you didn ’t come ？ 译：你是否因昨晚下雪而没有来？ 析：应将when 改为that ，因为，原句还原为Because it snowed last night ，you didn ’t come 后，在语法和句意上均成立，故此题是强调句型而非定语从句。

Homework: Multiple choice

1. Do you know the reason there are heat losses in a steam engine? A. why B. how C. because D. for

2. The reason I’m writing is to tell you about a party on Saturday. A. because B. why C. for D. as

3. There were two small rooms in the beach house, served as a kitchen. A. the smaller of which B. the smallest of which C. the smaller of them D. smallest of that

4. We will put off the picnic until next month the weather may be better.A. where B. that C. when D. which

5. With TV we can see things happen almost at the exact moment .A. they are happening B. they are happened

C.which are they happening

D. which they are happening 6. I met the man .A. whom you told me B. you told me aboutC. about whom you told D. you about me told

7. Rabbits make their homes in prairies hide their young under bushes or among tall grasses.

A. can where they

B. where they can

C. where can they

D.

where can

8. The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage already seven other people. A. when there were B. which there were C. where there were D. that there were

9. There was not a hut in the village he had not brought food and comfort. A. which B. to which C. in which D. that （答案：ABACABBCB ）

九、that 和which 都可以修饰表示物的先行词, 但是下列情况只能用that. ①. 先行词为不定冠词all, few, little, much, everything, nothing 等. All (that) you have to do is to practise every day. There isn ’t much (that) I can do.

②. 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时. The first lesson (that) I learned will never be forgotten. This is the best film (that ) I have ever seen.

③. 先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等不定代词修饰时. I have read all the books (that) you gave me.

④. 先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same 等修饰时. The white flower is the only one that I really like. This is the very book that I want to read.

This is the same book that I want to read. (同一本书)

----This is the same book as I want to read.

⑤. 当主句以who 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时,定语从句that 引导. Who is the man that is standing there ?

Which of us that knows something about physics doesn’t know this ? ⑥先行词既有人又有物时。

We talked about the persons and things that we could remember.

⑦time 做先行词，前面如果有序数词或 last 来修饰时，定语从句用 that 来引导或省略；如果没有序数词或 last 来修饰时，既可用 when 也可用that 来引导。

This is the last time ( that ) I shall give you a lesson. The first time ( that ) I saw him was in 1972. It’s time ( that ) we got up.