国际贸易实务名词解释整理+部分课后题

International Trade

Definition of important terms:

1. Trade bloc 贸易集团

? An intergovernmental association of a large free trade area formed by one or more tax, tariff, and trade agreements, which manages and promotes trade activities for ?specific region of the world.? Freely, or cheaply for members ? Barriers against non-members

2. Non-tariff barrier 非关税壁垒

A non-tariff barrier to import is any policy used by the government to reduce imports, other than a simple tariff on imports.

3. Commodity

Commodity is the article of commerce of any kind that is for sale – goods, merchandise or product.

4. CIF/CFR/FOB 到岸价/ 成本+运费/ 离岸价

CIF: Cost Insurance and Freight (named port of destination)

CFR: Cost and Freight (named port of destination)

FOB: Free On Board (named port of shipment)

5. L/C

见17

6. F.A.Q. 平均良好品质

(Fair Average Quality) not particular quality specification but average quality of the current group, recent shipment.

7. General average共同海损

Loss or damage to a ship or its cargo that is shared among the shipowner and all the cargo owners.

8. Constructive total loss（推定全损）

may occur if the cargo is NOT actually lost, but is so seriously damaged as to make the goods no longer useful for the purpose for which they were originally intended.

9. Neutral packing 中性包装

Do not mention the name of the country producing the goods and the name of the manufacturer on the commodity and on the outer and inner packages.

10. Liner 班轮

The liners run fixed schedules, follow fixed routes and charge standard rates called conference rates.

11. Break-even Point 收支平衡点

(BEP) is the point where revenues from sales equal all costs.

12. Dumping 倾销

Dumping is the practice of selling products in foreign country at lower prices than those charged in the producing country

13. Bill of Exchange (Draft) 汇票

a written order to pay a sum of money to a particular person on a particular date. Drafts are negotiable and may be sold.

14. Remittance 汇付

Transfer of funds from one party to another among different countries through banks.

15. D/P 付款交单

Documents Against Payment

Under D/P, the buyer can receive the shipping documents only after he has duly made the payment of the goods.

16. D/A 承兑交单

Documents Against Acceptance

Under D/A, the buyer can receive the shipping documents from the collecting bank after he has duly accepted the draft.

17. Letter of Credit

a letter from a bank that allows you to get a particular amount of money from another bank

18. Collection 托收

Presentation for payment of an obligation and the payment thereof

19. Force Majeure 不可抗力

unexpected circumstances, such as war, that can be used as an excuse when they prevent sb from doing sth that is written in a contract

20. Arbitration 仲裁

Arbitration is the judging of a dispute between people or groups by someone who is not involved.

21. Counter-offer 还盘

A counter-offer is an offer that someone makes, for example, for a house or business, in response to an offer by another person or group.

22. Pro forma Invoice 形式发票

A document provided prior to or with a shipment of goods (as for export) that describes the items and terms of sale but dose not have the function of a real invoice.

23. Forwarder (Shipping agency) 货代

A person or organization that dispatches or delivers goods

One that forwards; especially an agent who performs services (as receiving, transshipping, or delivering) designed to move goods to their destination.

Chapter5 选择

A. 单选

1. The term CIF should be followed by .

a. point of origin

b. port of shipment

c. port of destination

d. port of exportation

2. The term FOB should be followed by .

a. point of origin

b. port of importation

c. port of discharge

d. port of exportation

3. The term EXW should be followed by .

a. point of origin

b. port of shipment

c. port of importation

d. port of exportation

4. The term DAT should be followed by .

a. point of origin

b. port of loading

c. port of destination

d. port of shipment

5. The term FAS should be followed by .

a. point of origin

b. port of destination

c. port of shipment

d. port of exportation

6. The term CFR should be followed by .

a. point of origin

b. port of shipment

c. port of destination

d. port of exportation

7. The term DDP should be followed by .

a. point of origin

b. port of shipment

c. port of premise

d. place of destination

8. The term DAP should be followed by .

a. point of origin

b. place of importation

c. port of exportation

d. port of shipment

9. The term FCA should be followed by .

a. seller's railway station

b. point of origin

c. seller's place of shipment

d. buyer's railway station

B. 多选Which of the following are included in the quoted price?

1. The quoted price for 3 red zoom roadsters is US $ 6,000 Ex-works, Beijing.

a. 3 red zoom roadsters

b. freight to dock

c. loading charges

d. ocean freighter

e. marine insurance

f. unloading

2. The quoted price for 12 “Butterfly” sewing machines is US $ 700 FAS, Dalian.

a. 12 “Butterfly” sewing machines

b. freight to dock

c. loading charges

d. ocean freight

e. marine insurance

f. unloading

3. The quoted price for 1,000 “Panda” radios is US $10,000 CFR, Tianjin.

a.1,000 “Panda” radios

b. freight to dock

c. loading charges

d. ocean freight

e. marine insurance

f. unloading

4. The quoted price for 100 pairs of shoes is US $3,000 FOB, Shanghai.

a.100 pairs of shoes

b. freight to dock

c. loading

d. unloading

e. import duties

5. The quoted price for 1 tractor is $ 5,000 CIF, Hong Kong.

a.1 tractor

b. transportation to dock

c. loading

d. export charges

e. ocean freight

f. marine insurance

g. unloading

h. import duties

Chapter 6

（B）mineral ore A. sample

（C）ordinary garments B. manual

（D）fish C. F.A.Q

（E）Haier washing machines D. G.M.Q

（G）medical apparatus E. famous brand

（A）wheat F. specification

（H）calligraphic works G. inspection

（F）power plant generator H. drawing or diagram

Chapter 7 判断

1. Under FOB, the seller must give the buyer prompt shipping advice as the goods are shipped on board the vessel.

2. Demurrage is the extra charges a shipper pays for detaining a freight car or ship beyond time permitted for loading or unloading.

3. Dispatch money is a fine imposed on the charter for the delay in the loading and unloading of the goods.

4. Unclean B/L can be negotiated and accepted by the buyer and bank.

5. A bill of lading is both a receipt for merchandise and a contract to deliver it as freight.

6. Order B/L can be transferred with or without endorsement.

Chapter 8判断

1. In ocean marine insurance, the assured can recover more than actual loss provided that he can provide evidence of further losses contingent on the actual loss.

2. In ocean marine insurance, general average is to be borne by the carrier, who may, upon presentation of evidence of the loss,' recover the loss from the insurance underwriter.

3. Partial loss or damage is never recoverable with FPA.

4. Special additional coverages such as war risk, strikes and so on must be taken out together with FPA and WPA.

5. In essence, open policy is the same as the insurance certificate.

6. Ocean marine insurance covers ships and their cargo only on the high seas and not on inland waterways.

7. Without insurance, international trade is simply impossible to take place.

8. Three types of risks are covered by ocean marine insurance, namely the perils of sea, the extraneous risks and the force majeure.

9. Ocean marine insurance covers two types of losses, partial loss and total loss.

Chapter 10

Suppose a contract for the amount of US $ 845, 000 was approved for buyer' s credit up to 80% of the said amount. After disbursement, Bank of China, Head Office, Beijing would issue a

promissory note on July 2, 2003 specifying that it is payable at 3 years after the above stated date to the order of Bank of Oslo, Oslo, Norway the sum of 80% of US $ 845, 000 (refundment of loan). Please make a promissory note by filling in the blanks of the following form.

Promissory Note

Issued in Beijing the 2nd day of July, 2003

On the 2nd day of July, 2006 fixed.

We promise to pay against this Promissory Note to the order of Bank of Oslo，

Norway the sum of USD 676000 (say Six Hundred and Seventy Six Thousand only). Payable in Oslo,Norway.

For Bank of China

Signature

Chapter 11Example

Enquiry: 询盘

Oct. 08th, 2015 (Enquiry)

Dear Sir/Madam, we're interested in TV set model XXX. Please send us a firm offer at a favarable price.

Offer: 发盘

Oct 10th, 2015 (Firm Offer)

Thanks for your inquiry dated Oct. 8th. We offer subject to your reply reaching us by Oct. 20th as follows: TV set model XXX, 1000 sets, packed in export cartons of one set each, shipped in 1X20' container, USD150 per set CFR Karachi, shipment before Dec. 31, 2015, Payment by Irrevocable Sight Credit.

Counter-offer: 还盘

Oct 13th, 2015 (Counter-offer)

Referring to your e-mail of Oct. 10th, we regret to note that the price you offered is too high. We counter-offer USD130 per set CFR Karachi.

Oct 16th, 2015 (Counter-offer of counter-offer)

Your e-mail of 13th to hand. The best we can do is USD140 subject to your reply to us Oct. 22nd.

Acceptance:

Oct 16th, 2015 (Counter-offer of counter-offer)

Your e-mail of 13th to hand. The best we can do is USD140 subject to your reply to us Oct. 22nd.