高考英语一轮复习形容词副词变化积累

一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则

1．一般单音节词和少数以-er, -ow结尾的双音节词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est；

（1）单音节词

如：small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest

tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest

（2）双音节词

如：clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest 2．以不发音e结尾的单音节词,比较在原级后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st；

如：large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest 3．在重读闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est；

如：big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest 4．以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词, 把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est；

如：easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest

busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest

5．其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most；

如：beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful

different→more different→most different

easily→more easily→most easily

▲注意：（1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,副词最高级前可不用.

例句： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.

（2）形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示"非常".

It is a most important problem.

=It is a very important problem.

▲6．有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记.

如：good→better→best well→better→best

bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst

old→older/elder→oldest/eldest

many/much→more→most little→less→least

far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest

二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法

1．“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B”意思为“A比B更……”.

如：This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高.

注意：

①在含有连词than的比较级中,前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴,即同类事物之间的比较.

②在比较级前面使用much,表示程度程度“强得多”.

如：A watermelon is much bigger than an apple.

③ very, quite一般只能修饰原级,不能修饰比较级.

2．“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越……”

如：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.

春天来了,天气变得越来越暖和了.

It is getting cooler and cooler.

天气越来越凉爽.

The wind became more and more heavily.

风变得越来越大.

Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.

我们的学校变得越来越美丽.

3．在含有or的选择疑问句中,如果有两者供选择,前面的形容词要用比较级形式.

如：Who is taller, Tim or Tom? 谁更高,Tim还是Tom?

4. “the +比较级……, the+比较级”,表示“越……越……”.

The more money you make, the more you spend.

钱你赚得越多,花得越多.

The sooner, the better.

越快越好.

5. 表示倍数的比较级用法：

①. A is …times the size /height/length/width of B.

如：The new building is three times the height of the old one.

这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍.(新楼是旧楼的四倍高)

②. A is …times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.

如：Asia is four times as large as Europe.

亚洲是欧洲的四倍大.(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)

③. A is …times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.

如：Our school is twice bigger than yours.

我们学校比你们学校大两倍.

6.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较,表示“最……”的意思.

句子中有表示范围的词或短语.如：of the three, in our class等等.

如：He is the tallest in our class.

他在我们班里是最高的.

7. 比较级与最高级的转换：

Mike is the most intelligent in his class.

Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class

8.修饰比较级和最高级的词

1）可修饰比较级的词

a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等.

注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内.

(错) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.

(对) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.

2)下列词可修饰最高级：by far, far, much, mostly, almost.

This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.

注意：序数词通常只修饰最高级。

Africa is the second largest continent.

9.要避免将主语含在比较对象中.

(错) China is larger than any country in Asia.

(对) China is larger than any other country in Asia.

10.要注意对应句型,遵循前后一致的原则.

The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.

It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.

三、形容词变副词规则

一般情况下直接加ly, 如fortunate-fortunately。

有3中特殊情况：①以元音+e结尾的要去e加ly，如true-truly；②以辅音+y结尾的词要变y为i加ly，如happy-happily；③以le结尾的去e加y，如possible-possibly，terrible-terribly。