完形填空、新题型强化 张销民
英语：
阅读：把握文章具体信息。回归真题，近十年的真题精读、解题。
英语：小作文：书信、备忘录、报告，删除了摘要。提纲里的个别词汇可以使用，但句子不可以使用。
大纲（里边有样题可以用来模考；前缀后缀缩写国家等等）、考试分析、大纲解析。背诵（范文）、默写（8分钟、15分钟）、仿写。
每个学校的考研招生简章，看考哪个科目。
精读：到11月中旬：每天三个小时。二小时阅读，半小时单词，半小时默写作文。11月中旬后一个小时精读，多做模考以及作文。考前十几天，整套模考题。
数学：
听完课程后自己再梳理一遍。
考研题：题目综合性比较好。做真题回到每个知识点，看到一个知识点就能写出一串相关的知识，看哪个不会的抓紧弥补。
真题一定要好好做，查漏补缺。数学一二三都做，不考的可以不做。可以把题型分类，比如考极限，把十五年中所有考极限的题目全部找出来看他怎么考的。
可以根据历年真题预测考题，总结考点。
边边角角的地方也要看，只要大纲里有的都要看，不要赌他不考。
完形填空题型介绍
词汇，不考广度考深度：一词多义、近义词辨析、词汇搭配运用。Ensure、assure、guarantee
完形填空的规律与破解方法
两大规律与与两大方法体系概述：大部分靠猜，小部分靠做
方法一、完形如何猜：ABCD平均分配。
做题，分为会做的和不会做的，分析会做的题的答案，选项最少的，不会做的就蒙这个。
方法二、完形如何做：完形“十二类”标准题型
1、逻辑关系定位法
2、无关词排除法
3、同现结构法
4、复现结构法
5、总分结构法
6、对应成分分析法
7、关联结构法
8、时间数字线索法
9、动词10、形容词11、副词12、名词
前八种最重要，后四种对词汇要求较高。
1、逻辑关系定位法1-3分。表达逻辑关系的标志词
完形中常见的10大类逻辑关系：（背逻辑词）
1）、并列关系and 、either……or
2）递进关系also、then、besides、indeed（强调意味）
3）因果关系because、so……that 、in order to、considering that、since、as、consequently
4）转折关系but、yet、in fact、actually
5）让步关系nevertheless、despite、anyhow、
6）列举关系first’second’last of all、in the first place
7）对比关系while、as、whereas、rather than、not……but （有while不选whereas）
8）条件关系if、unless、otherwise、when、whenever、
9）时间关系when、since、as
10）举例关系such as、for example、to illustrate、namely、more specifically speaking
Other than、more than一般不选。
转折与让步：
都是大转折，包含对立推翻。
区别：对立推翻的对象不一样。
转折：后面直接推翻前面的信息。
让步：没有直接推翻，与前面预期信息相反。
转折：小明学习很用功，但是大家说这是假的。
让步：小明学习很用功，但是这次考试考砸了。
紧扣主题：标准题型二、无关词排除法
内在一致：标准题型三、同现结构法
前后呼应：标准题型四、复现结构法
总分对照：标准题型五、总分结构对照法
完形文章的布局结构特点：
1、完形文章有明确的中心主线
中心主线：主题；导向性或作者态度的倾向性。主线控制全文。
2、采用总分对照结构
一个主线、一个结构
阅读步骤：
重点精读文章首段首句；把握文章的首句；扫读分述，定位重点词句，与首段首句对照。看首句，总分互动结构，把握文章的主题思想、主要感情基调，选择的时候选与文章主旨、感情一致的词语。
第二句有空的话，可以看后文的感情基调。
题型二
无关词排除法（与主旨相关解题法）
拿着主线串答案。一些看上去明显和文章主线主题没有关系的词直接排除。
题型三
同现结构法（与主旨导向一致解题法）
一组同倾向性的词语。还是要看主旨。和主旨最不矛盾的。
复现结构法
原词复现、近义词复现。孪生双胞胎。
如果一个选择中有一个选项的词在文中出现了，就选这个词。呼应。
一个选项中好几个选项中的词意思相近，觉得每一个都对，带进去每个都能成立，看哪个在文中出现过。每一个选项都能在上下中找出呼应。
总分结构对照法
当未知填空出现在总述句时，看分述倒推。看逻辑结构。把后边看完了总结主旨填写总述句。总述和分述。
Chock 稳定。
对应成分分析法
文章上下文之间、句子之间逻辑关系。
应用于句子内部、上下文之间。
关联结构法
将两个或两个以上的同类别词语，以连续排比型的结构出现。关联成分之间高度相近。
关联结构主要用来做处于分述中的填空，一般不用来做总述概括中的实词填空。
时间、数字线索法
根据时间、数字确定关系immediate 直接的
考察对词性、搭配关系的运用，深入认知词汇
动词的解题方法
根据主旨、主要思想确定动词的褒贬、积极消极性。
动宾搭配的一致性。语气一致：正式用语、普通用语。
动词搭配线索点总结：
1、主语：主谓搭配的一致
常考点：主语是人还是物。Doubt、be impressed by 主语是人；manifest 主语是物
2、宾语：动宾搭配的一致
考点：物理性抽象性一致fasten control
褒贬一致；语气一致：正式非正式。
3、介词：share with。Adhere to
4、副词：viciously
5、及物和不及物：动词填空后有无宾语
6、两个以上的动词形成联动关系，一个已知其他的未知。保证时态、语气、逻辑的一致。
形容词：参照被修饰的成分。
找形容词的修饰成分
搭配原则1：修饰与被修饰成分褒贬一致。
搭配原则2：修饰与被修饰成分具有同质性：修饰和被修饰的是同一性质的东西。修饰人的、物的。
1、形容词作表语，被修饰成分是主语。
2、形容词+名词的形式（已知名词是线索）
3、形容词（未知）+被修饰成分+定语从句或别的修饰
4、使动动词+宾语+形容词（补语）
5、副词+形容词
副词：相关线索点
总原则：被其修饰的成分：动词、形容词、副词短语句子
搭配原则：褒贬一致、具有同质性
名词：相关线索点
1、作主语，谓语动词或表语形容词是提示线索。物理性抽象性一致、褒贬一致、语气一致。
2、做及物动词的宾语
3、被形容词修饰
4、名词+其他修饰名词的成分的搭配结构，其他修饰名词的成分是线索
5、介词：介词+名词的结构，介词是线索
完型做题步骤：
只做题型1-8，其他的猜。5-10分钟
1、整体通读，把握主线和分述中的重点词句
2、对20题进行大体分类，哪些做哪些猜
3、做逻辑关系定位法题
4、无关词排除法、同现结构法、复线结构、总分结构
5、对应成分分析法、关联结构法、时间数字线索法
6、动词、形容词、副词、名词
新题型7选5、排序、匹配
7选5
两个信息版块之间相近性的能力
两个信息版块之间衔接性的能力
做题大原则：就近原则、衔接原则。使得文章有连贯性、一致性。
难点：信息量大，时间有限（10分钟）。
误区：不能傻读，不能试图把全文读懂。要对信息分主次。
思路：化繁为简。
由点入面：信息按照有主次的规律分布，信息版块的核心性质和主题取决于主要信息。
以点串面：定位信息版块间的骨干线索点，通过这个区判定信息板块之间的关系。
七大方法：
1、复现结构定位法：原文出现，在待选信息中又出现了，有关系。
2、上下文逻辑关系定位法：原文+填空+原文。找板块之间的逻辑关系，找哪个选项中有逻辑关系。
如果读到一个很突兀的概念、之前没见过的，可能之前的填空里边就要出现这个东西。3、举例定位法：
找举例子的标志词such as 等
1）包含例子类事物设在原文信息中，例子设在待选信息中。
2）反过来
不认识的词可以不管。
4、时间、地点、数字、名称等客观线索衔接关系
5、排比结构衔接法
在文中和选项中，找带有一定规律性结构的句子：句式相同、有相同的单词。
6、代词指代关系定位法
注意指代词：this separation、such。找哪个地方出现了separation。
代词出现在原文或待选信息中。还有被指代的东西。
7、无关词排除法
通过决定信息版块性质和主题的骨干词，才能成为判断信息版块之间关系的线索。
高考完形填空真题
The journey my daughter Cathy has had with her swimming is as long as it is beautiful. Cathy suffered some terrible 16 in her early childhood. After years of regular treatment, she17became healthy. Two years ago, while Cathy was watching the Olympics, a dream came into her sweet little head— to be a swimmer. Last summer, she wanted to18our local swim team. She practiced hard and finally19it. The team practice,20 ，was a rough start. She coughed and choked and could hardly21 her first few weeks. Hearing her coughing bitterly one night, I decided to22her from it all. But Cathy woke me up early next morning, wearing her swimsuit23to go! I told her she shouldn’swimt after a whole night’coughing,s but she refused to24 and insisted she go . From that day on, Cathy kept swimming and didn ’ t 25 a single practice. She had a 26intention within herself to be the best she could be. My ten-year-old was growing and changing right before my eyes, into this27 human being with a passion and a mission. There were moments of28of course: often she would be the last swimmer in the race. It was difficult for Cathy to accept that she wasn29---ever. But that’didnta’ t stop her from trying. Then came the final awards ceremony at the end of the year. Cathy didn’ t expect any award but was stil 30 her friends and praise their accomplishments. As the ceremony was nearing the end, I suddenly heard the head coach31 ,“ The highest honor goes to Cathy!” Looking around, he continued,“ Cathy has inspired32 us and enthusiasm.33skills and talents bring great success, the most valuable asset(财富 )one can hold is the heart.” It was the greatest34of my da ughter’ s life. With all she hadbeen35in her ten years, this was the hour of true triumph( 成功 ). 16.A. failure B. pressure C. loss D. illness 17.A. usually B. finally C. firstly D. frequently 18.A. improve B. train C. join D. contact 19.A. increased B. found C. created D. made 20.A. however B. therefore C. otherwise D. instead 21.A. use B. survive C. save D. waste 22.A. pull B. tell C. hide D. fire 23.A. afraid B. nervous C. ready D. free 24.A. take off B. set off C. give up D. show up 25.A. attend B. miss C. ban D. Start 26.A. rich B. weak C. firm D. kind 27.A. trusted B.determined C.experienced D. embarrassed 28.A. frustration B. delight C. excitement D. surprise 29.A. beginner B.learner C. partner D. winner 30.A. cheer on B. compete with C. respond to D. run after 31.A. admitting B.explaining C.announcing D. whispering 32.A. humor B. will C. honesty D. wisdom 33.A. Although B. Since C. Once D. Because 34.A. discovery B. choice C. influence D. moment 35.A. through B. under C. across D. around My fiance (未婚夫) and I were excited about shopping for our first home. But our funds were 16 , and none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory. One agent 17 a house in particular. Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was18our range, so we declined. But she kept urging us to have a look 19. We finally did and it was20at first sight. It was Our Home, small and charming, overlooking a quiet lake. Walking through the rooms and talking with the owners, a nice elderly couple, we felt the warmth and21of the
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一、ABC Radio Jim Green is an announcer(播音员）for the program.Most of the girls___1____ boys like the program. They ___2___like Jim Green. Some of them often make phone calls to him and thank him ___3___ his work. There are lots of ___4___ to him every day,too. Jim Green gets up at 6:00 every morning.He has bread and a glass of milk ___5___ breakfast. He leaves home at 6:30 and ___6___ his office at 7:15. The program ___7____ at 7:30.He plays the new records (唱片）of the pop songs and modern music for his listeners. At 8:00 it's time ____8____ the news. Jim finishes work at 10:30. He goes home ____9____ his car.He ___10___ newspaper and listens to music after supper. He thinks his life is very interesting. ( )1.A and B with C but D about ( )2.A too B to C also D so ( )3.A to B for C fo D and ( )4.A letter B letters C friends D words ( )5.A at B with C for D to ( )6.A goes B gets C gets to D gets up ( )7.A begins B finishes C over D start ( )8.A to B for C of D in
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