arctoolbox工具简介

arctoolbox工具简介

工具用以对GIS 数据执行小的基本操作。工具共分为四种类型，如下表所示。不管工具属于哪种类型，它们的工作方式都相同；可以打开它们的对话框，可以在模型构建器中

3D Analyst 工具箱提供可在表面模型和三维矢量数据上实现各种分析、数据管理和数据转换操作的地理处理工具的集合。工具箱以适当方式组织到工具集中，可定义其中的工具所完成任务的范围。

通过 3D Analyst 工具可创建和分析以栅格、terrain、不规则三角网 (TIN) 和 LAS 数据集格式表示的表面数据。可将多种格式转换为 3D 数据，包括 COLLADA、激光雷达、SketchUp、OpenFlight 和许多其他数据类型。几何关系和要素属性分析、栅格和各种不规则三角网 (TIN) 模型插值和表面属性分析只是 3D Analyst 工具提供的众多功能的一部分。

The 3D Analyst toolbox provides a collection of geoprocessing tools that enable a wide variety of analytical, data management, and data conversion operations on surface models and three-dimensional vector data. The toolbox is conveniently organized into toolsets which define the scope of tasks accomplished by the tools therein.

3D Analyst tools provide the ability to create and analyze surface data represented in raster, terrain, triangulated irregular network (TIN), and LAS dataset formats. 3D data can be converted from a rich variety of formats, including COLLADA, lidar, SketchUp, OpenFlight, and many other data types. Analysis of geometric relationships and feature properties, interpolation of raster and various triangulated irregular network (TIN) models, and analysis of surface properties

“3D 要素”工具集提供了一组评估几何属性和三维要素间的关系的工具：

The 3D Features toolset provides a collection of tools for evaluating geometric properties and relationships between three-dimensional features. The following table summarizes the tools

Contains tools that expose some capabilities of Esri CityEngine without requiring Esri

功能性表面工具集提供了一组使用要素和各种表面类型执行分析操作的地理处理工具。

The Functional Surface toolset provides geoprocessing tools that perform analysis operations

可见性工具集包含一组用于执行不同形式可见性分析（从构造阴影模型和视线到生成

视域和天际线）的工具。

The Visibility toolset features tools for performing various forms of visibility analysis, ranging from constructing shadow models and sight lines to

数据管理工具集提供一组用于创建、管理和编辑terrain、TIN 和LAS 数据集的工具按以下工具集对其进行组织：

?LAS 数据集- 其包含的工具用于修改由LAS 数据集引用的LAS 文件的分类，此数据集用于快速读取和显示机载激光雷达数据的新数据类型。

?Terrain 数据集- 包含用于创建和管理terrain 数据集的工具，此数据集是由要素数据集中存储的基于要素的测量值组成的多分辨率三角化网格面。

?TIN - 包含用于创建和编辑不规则三角网(TIN) 数据集的工具，此数据集是由基于要素的测量值组成的单分辨率表面。

The Data Management toolset provides a collection of tools for creating, managing, and editing terrain, TIN, and LAS datasets that are organized under the following toolsets:

?LAS Dataset—Contains tools for modifying classification of LAS files referenced by a LAS dataset, which is a new data type that allows for the rapid read and display of airborne lidar data.

?Terrain Dataset—Contains tools for creating and managing a terrain dataset, which is a multiresolution triangulated surface comprised of feature based measurements stored in a feature dataset.

?TIN—Contains tools for creating and editing a triangulated irregular network (TIN) dataset, which is a single resolution surface

comprised of feature based measurements.

表面插值工具用于根据采样点值创建连续（或预测）表面。

访问研究区域中的每个位置以测量现象的高度、密度或量级通常会非常困难且成本高昂。相反，您可对战略上分散的采样位置进行测量，然后可将预测值指定给其他所有位置。输入点的间距可以是随机的或固定的，也可以根据采样方案来确定。

栅格数据集的连续表面制图表达表示某些测量值，例如高度、密度或量级（例如，高程、酸度或噪点级别）。表面插值工具会根据输出栅格数据集中所有位置的采样测量值进行预测，而无论是否已在该位置进行了测量。

得出每个位置的预测值的方法有很多种；每种方法都被称为一个模型。使用每个模型时，会对数据做出各种假设，并且特定的模型更适用于特定的数据- 例如，对于本地变量来说，一个模型可能比另一个模型更适合。每个模型在生成预测值时使用的计算方法是不同的。

插值工具通常分为确定性方法和地统计方法。

?确定性插值方法将根据周围测量值和用于确定所生成表面平滑度的指定数学公式将值指定给位置。

确定性插值方法包括：反距离权重法（inverse distance weighting，IDW）、自然邻域法、趋势面法和样条函数法。

?地统计方法以包含自相关（测量点之间的统计关系）的统计模型为基础。因此，地统计方法不仅具有产生预测表面的功能，而且能够对预测的确定性或准确性提供某种度量。

克里金法是一种地统计插值方法。

其余的插值工具地形转栅格和依据文件实现地形转栅格将使用专为从等值线创建连续表面而设计的插值方法，而此类方法还包含适合于创建水文分析表面的属性。

下表列出了可用的“插值”工具，并对每个工具进行了简要描述。

Surface interpolation tools create a continuous (or prediction) surface from sampled point values.

Visiting every location in a study area to measure the height, concentration, or magnitude of a phenomenon is usually difficult or expensive. Instead, you can measure the phenomenon at strategically dispersed sample locations, and predicted values can be assigned to all other locations. Input points can be either randomly or regularly spaced or based on a sampling scheme.

The continuous surface representation of a raster dataset represents some measure, such as the height, concentration, or magnitude (for example, elevation, acidity, or noise level). Surface interpolation tools make predictions from sample measurements for all locations in an output raster dataset, whether or not a measurement has been taken at the location.

There are a variety of ways to derive a prediction for each location; each method is referred

to as a model. With each model, there are different assumptions made of the data, and certain models are more applicable for specific data—for example, one model may account for local variation better than another. Each model produces predictions using different calculations.

The interpolation tools are generally divided into deterministic and geostatistical methods.

?The deterministic interpolation methods assign values to locations based on the surrounding measured values and on specified mathematical formulas that determine the smoothness of the resulting surface.

The deterministic methods include IDW (inverse distance weighting), Natural Neighbor, Trend, and Spline.

?The geostatistical methods are based on statistical models that include autocorrelation (the statistical relationship among the measured points). Because of this, geostatistical techniques not only have the capability of producing a prediction surface but also provide some measure of the certainty or accuracy of the predictions.

Kriging is a geostatistical method of interpolation.

The remaining interpolation tools, Topo to Raster and Topo to Raster by File, use an interpolation method specifically designed for creating continuous surfaces from contour lines, and the methods also contain properties favorable for creating surfaces for hydrologic analysis.

Explore the following links to learn more about interpolation analysis:

The following table lists the available Interpolation tools and provides a brief description of

Trend Interpolates a raster surface from points using a trend technique.

您可以利用“表面分析”工具量化及可视化以数字高程模型表示的地形地貌。

您可以利用这些工具从输入的栅格高程表面入手，通过生成可识别原始数据集中特定模式的新数据集来获取信息。您可以得到在原始表面中不容易表现的模式，如等值线、坡度角、最陡下坡方向（坡向）和地貌晕渲（山体阴影）。您可以得到在原始表面中不容易表现的模式，如等值线、坡度角、最陡下坡方向（坡向）和地貌晕渲（山体阴影）。

各表面分析工具可提供对于表面的深入分析，而该分析可作为各表面分析工具的结果，也可作为其他分析的输入。

With the Surface tools, you can quantify and visualize a terrain landform represented by a digital elevation model.

Starting with a raster elevation surface as input, with these tools, you can gain information by producing a new dataset that identifies a specific pattern within an original dataset. You can derive patterns that were not readily apparent in the original surface, such as contours, angle of slope, steepest downslope direction (Aspect), and shaded relief (Hillshade). You can derive patterns that were not readily apparent in the original surface, such as contours, angle of slope, steepest downslope direction (Aspect), and shaded relief (Hillshade).

Each surface tool provides insight into a surface that can be used as an end

“栅格计算”工具可对一个或多个输入栅格应用数学函数。

算术工具可在两个输入之间执行加法（加）、减法（减）、乘法（乘）和除法（除）。输入可以是栅格或数字（作为常数值栅格）。

其余工具仅适用于单个输入栅格，并且可将浮点型栅格转换为整型（整型），或将整型栅格转换为浮点型（浮点型）。

The Raster Math tools apply a mathematical function the input raster or rasters.

The arithmetic tools perform addition (Plus), subtraction (Minus), multiplication (Times), and division (Divide) between two inputs. The inputs can be rasters or numbers (as constant value rasters).

The remaining tools apply only to a single input raster and will either convert a floating-point raster to integer (Int) or an integer raster to floating point

“重分类”工具提供了多种可对输入像元值进行重分类或将输入像元值更改为替代值的方法。

对数据进行重分类的常见原因是为了完成以下操作：

?根据新信息替换值。

?将某些值归为一组。

?将值重分类为公共比例（例如，用于适宜性分析或创建用于“成本距离”函数的成本栅格）。

?将特定值设置为NoData，或将NoData 像元设置为值。

可通过多种方式对数据进行重分类。重分类的方法以及执行这些方法的工具如下：?单个值。(查找表和重分类）

?值的范围。(使用ASCII 文件重分类、使用表重分类和重分类）

?间隔。(分割）

下表列出了可用的“重分类”工具，并对每个工具进行了简要描述。

The Reclass tools provide a variety of methods that allow you to reclassify or change input cell values to alternative values.

The most common reasons for reclassifying data are to accomplish the following: ?Replace values based on new information.

?Group certain values together.

?Reclassify values to a common scale (for example, for use in a suitability analysis or for creating a cost raster for use in the Cost Distance function).

?Set specific values to NoData or set NoData cells to a value.

There are several approaches to reclassifying your data. The methods of reclassification and the tools that perform them are:

?Individual values. (Lookup, Reclassify)

?Ranges of values. (Reclass by ASCII File, Reclass by Table, Reclassify)

?Intervals. (Slice)

“三角化网格面”工具集提供了一组用于对terrain、TIN 和LAS 数据集进行操作的表面分析工具。这些工具可用于提取表面属性（例如，坡度、坡向和等值线图）、识别数据点中的异常值、进行体积计算，以及创建对表面建模的3D 要素类。

以下列表简要介绍了“三角网格面”工具集中的工具：

The Triangulated Surface toolset offers a set of surface analysis tools that operate on terrain, TIN, and LAS datasets. They provide the ability to extract surface properties, such as slope, aspect, and contour isolines, identify outliers in the data points, make volumetric computations, and create 3D feature classes that model the surface.

The following list outlines the tools available in the Triangulated Surface

应工具所取代：

The following tools that were available in the 3D Analyst toolbox prior to version 10.0 have been deprecated and superceded by its counterpart listed in

转换工具集提供了一组用于转换各种数据类型的工具，包括 3D 要素、栅格、terrain、TIN 和 LAS 数据集。3D 模型可以导入到多面体中，并在 ArcScene 或 ArcGlobe 中用于

三维渲染。TIN 表面可以从 LandXML 文件导入，3D 要素可以导出到 ASCII 文件，激光雷达数据可以导入到多点数据集中。在栅格格式与 TIN 格式之间进行转换使您可以在对同一表面建模时充分利用每种格式的优点。例如，如果有应该强化自然要素（例如山脊或山谷）的要素（例如线或面），可使用 TIN 对表面建模。使用自然邻域插值选项将 TIN 转换为

栅格以保留线状要素并使用空间运算符。

The Conversion toolset provides a wide range of tools for converting various data types, including 3D features, rasters, terrains, TINs, and LAS datasets. 3D models can be imported to a multipatch and used in three-dimensional rendering in ArcScene or ArcGlobe. TIN surfaces can be imported from LandXML files, 3D features can be exported to ASCII files, and lidar data can be imported to a multipoint dataset. Converting between raster and TIN formats allows you to employ the benefits of each while modeling the same surface. For example, use a TIN to model a surface if you have features, such as lines or polygons, that should enforce natural features, such as ridges or valleys. Convert the TIN to a raster using the natural neighbors

地统计分析工具条和工具箱概述An overview of the Geostatistical Analyst toolbar and toolbox

凭借地统计分析，可通过存储于点要素图层或栅格图层的测量值，或使用多边形质心轻松创建连续表面或地图。采样点可以是高程、地下水位深度或污染等级等测量值。与 ArcMap 结合使用时，地统计分析可提供一组功能全面的工具，以创建可用于显示、分析和了解空间现象的表面。

With Geostatistical Analyst, you can easily create a continuous surface or map from measurements stored in a point feature layer or raster layer or by using polygon centroids. The sample points may be measurements such as elevation, depth to the water table, or levels of pollution. When used in conjunction with ArcMap, Geostatistical Analyst provides a comprehensive set of tools for creating surfaces that can be used to visualize, analyze, and

表面的创建过程的地统计向导。这些工具并不是地理处理工具的一部分；但是，它们得出的结果可以在地理处理工具中使用。

Geostatistical Analyst contains tools for exploratory spatial data analysis and a geostatistical wizard to lead you through the process of creating a statistically valid surface. These tools are not part of the geoprocessing tools; however, the results obtained from them can be used in the

This toolset contains tools used to create, modify, export, and manipulate the properties of a