英语句子结构及种类

英语句子结构及种类
英语句子结构及种类

英语句子的两种分法

按句子的用途可以分为四种:

1.陈述句(肯定、否定)

He is six years old.

2.疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反义)

Do they like skating?

How old is he?

Marry can swim, can she?

3.祈使句

Be careful, boys.

Don’t speak in class.

4.感叹句

How clever the boy is!

按句子结构可分为3种:简单句、并列句、复合句

1. 简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)

e.g. He often reads English in the morning.

Tom and Mike are American boys.

She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.

我们可以给句子的动词加上副词修饰,给名词加上形容词或介词短语修饰,给句子加上状语等修饰,以使整个句子更加丰富和充实,但不管如何变,都只有一个主谓结构。

He worked hard all his life. (划线部分在句子中做状语,修饰worked)

He is a school student in NO.1 middle school. (划线部分在句子中做定语,修饰名词student) 简单句的五个基本句型:

●主语+不及物动词

Water flows.

●主语+谓语动词+宾语

She likes English.

●主语+系动词+主语补语

She is happy.

●主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语

I’ll tell her the news.

I’ll buy a book for you./ I’ll buy you a book

●主语+ 动词+宾语+宾语补语

The teacher asked me to read the passage.

She makes her mother angry.

主语:句子说明的人或事物。

The sun rises in the east.(名词)

He likes dancing.(代词)

Twenty years is a short time in history.(数词)

What he needs is a book.(主语从句)

It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree(It做形式主语,主语从句是真正的主语)

练习:自己除下列句子中的中心词。

谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。

We study English.

Where are you going to stay?

表语:系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher.(名词)

my watch is missing. (形容词化的分词)

Five plus five is ten. (数词)

The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)

The question is whether they will come.(表语从句)

常见的系动词有:be, sound, look, feel(摸起来、感觉), smell, taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持、仍是),

The sound sounds strange.

Soon they all became interested in the subject

宾语:1)表示行为的对象,常由名词或代词担任,放在及物动词或介词之后。

I like China(名词)

Hoe many do you need? We need two(数词)

I enjoy working with you.(现在分词)

I hope to see you again.(不定式)

Did you write down what he said?(宾语从句)

2)介宾——介词后的名词、代词和动名词

Are you afraid of the snake?

Under the snow, there are many rocks.

3)双宾语,间接宾语(指人)和直接宾语(指物)

Give the poor man some money.

Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?

宾语补语:对宾语的补充

We elected him monitor.

We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here.

We will make them happy.

His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.

I’ll have my bike repaired.

Don’t keep the light burning.

Please make yourself at home.

定语:修饰或限定名词或代词的词、词组或句子

Yang Ling is a chemistry teacher.

He is our fiend

He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.

The man over there is my friend.

The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.

The boys playing football are in class 2.

The trees planted last year are growing well now,

I have an idea to do it well

You should do everything that I do.

状语:用来修饰v.,adj. .adv. ,或句子,表示时间、地点、目的、方式、原因、结果、程度、条件、和让步。

I’ll go there tomorrow.

The meeting will be held in the meeting room.

He studies hard to learn English well.

He didn’t study well so that he failed in the exam.

If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

Though he is young, he can do it well.

独立成分:句子中可以去掉的成分,去掉后不影响句子的完整性。这种成分和句子的其他成分没有语法关系。

Oh! What is that!

He has, alas, failed again.

省略成分:句子中的省略成分,虽然没有说出来,却在句子中表示一定的意思。

(I wish you )Good luck.

Some gave him praises, but others (gave him) rotten eggs.

( I ) hope you like it.

连接成分:

连接成分实际上是一个连词,用来连接两个或两个以上的词、短语或分句,这种词叫——并列连词。

另一种连接成分是用来连接两个句子,且一个句子从属于另一个句子(即从句)连词。这类连词叫——从属连词。

一个完整的句子必须包含2个以上的句子成分,此外如果意思上有需要,还可包含一个或更多其它的句子成分。

并列句:由两个或以上的简单句连接而成,相互之间没有从属关系,是平行并列的关系。句型:简单句+并列连词+简单句

并列句的分类:

●表示连接两个同等概念的连词有and,not only…but also, neither…nor,then

●表示选择常用的连词有or, either…or... ,otherwise

●表示转折but,yet,while,

●表示因果so,for

August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so everyday I work from drawn till dark.

复合句:含有两个或以上主谓结构的句子,其中一个句子是主句,另一个句子是从句。

句型:主句+连词+从句;从句+连词+主句

The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.

Where there is a will, there is a way.

从句分类:形容词性从句(主、宾、表、同位),名词性从句(定从),副词性从句(状从)

英语句子基本结构成分类型

英语句子基本结构 英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: S十V主谓结构 S十V十F主系表结构 S十V十O主谓宾结构 S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾 语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾 语补足语五个基本句式详细解释如下: 1.S十V句式 在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: He runs quickly.他跑得快。 They listened carefully.他们听得很仔细。 He suffered from cold and hunger.他挨冻受饿。 China belongs to the third world country.中国属于第三世界国家。 The gas has given out.煤气用完了。 My ink has run out.我的钢笔水用完了。 2.S十V十P句式 在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: He is older than he looks.他比看上去要老。 He seen interested in the book.他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 The story sounds interesting.这个故事听起来有趣。 The desk feels hard.书桌摸起来很硬。 The cake tastes nice.饼尝起来很香。 The flowers smell sweet and nicc.花闻起来香甜。 You have grown taller than before.你长得比以前高了。 He has suddenly fallen ill.他突然病倒了。 He stood quite still.他静静地站看。 He becomes a teacher when he grew up.他长大后当了教师。 He could never turn traitor to his country.他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: He looked me up and down.他上下打量我。 He reached his hand to feel the elephant.他伸出手来摸象。 They are tasting the fish.他们在品尝鱼。 They grow rice in their home town.他们在家乡种水稻。 He's got a chair to sit on.他有椅子坐。

初中英语五种基本句型结构

初中---五种基本句型 中考对五种基本句型的考查主要集中在以下几方面: 1. 掌握五种基本句型的基本用法。 2. 掌握五种基本句型在用法上的区别。 中考考查这部分内容时的题型和大体分值为: 单选(1分) 写句子(1分) 写作(1-2分) 阅读理解(1-2分) 一、知识精讲 五种基本句型是句子最基本的组成部分。掌握了这五种基本句型,在阅读中当我们遇到较复杂的句子时,运用这些基本句型,对句子的分析就会变得容易多了。在写作中,首先要能运用好这些基本句型,才能得到高分。 (一)五种基本句型的句子成分: 1. 句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分包括主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语等。 2. 主语(subject):主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。 【例句】 We often speak English in class. 我们在课上经常说英语。 Smoking does harm to the health. 吸烟对健康有害。 The rich should help the poor. 富有的人应该帮助贫困的人。 3. 谓语(verb):谓语可用来说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词常在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。分及物动词和不及物动词两种。 【例句】 He practices running every morning. 他每天早晨练习跑步。 I have caught a bad cold. 我得了重感冒。 We like helping the people in trouble 我们喜欢帮助那些处于困境中的人。

英语常见5种句子结构

英语五种基本句型结构 英语语中的五种基本句型结构 一、句型1:Subject (主语) +Verb (谓语) 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,所谓不及物动词,就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如:work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如: 1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。 2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。 3)Spring is coming. 4) We have lived in the city for ten years. 二、句型2:Subject (主语) +Link. V(系动词) +Predicate(表语) 这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类: (1)表示状态。这样的词有:be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如: 1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。 2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。 (2)表示变化。这类系动词有:become, turn, get, grow, go等。如: 1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和。 2) The tree has grown much taller than before.这棵树比以前长得高多了。 三、句型3:Subject(主语) +Verb (谓语) +Object (宾语) 这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词,就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语,其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例: 1) He took his bag and left.(名词)他拿着书包离开了。 2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)当我遇到困难时,李雷总能给我帮助。 3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.(不定式)她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。 4) I don’t know what I should do next. (从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。 注意:英语中的许多动词既是及物动词,又是不及物动词。 四、句型4:Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语) 这种句型中,直接宾语为主要宾语,表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的,在句中不可或缺,常常由表示“物”的名词来充当;间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语,去掉之后,对整个句子的影响不大,多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有:buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如: 1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。 2)The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March. 老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。上述句子还可以表达为: 1)Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present. 2)The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March. 五、句型5:Subject(主语)+Verb (动词)+Object (宾语)+Complement(补语) 这种句型中的“宾语+补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如: 1)You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。(形容词) 2) We made him our monitor.(名词)我们选他当班长。 3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。

英语句子结构分析

第一讲英语句子结构分析 教学重点: 1:掌握五种基本句型 2:了解除Be以外的其他四种系动词。 3:了解接TO和FOR的双宾语的动词有哪些。 4:能够区分双宾语和复合宾语得区别。 句子的划分 I. 根据结构划分:①简单句 S+V(主+谓) S+V+P(主+谓+表) S+V+O(主+谓+宾) S+V+o+O(主+谓+间宾+直宾) S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补) ②并列句 and, but, or ③复合句:名词从句(宾,主,表,同) 副词从句(状语从句) 形容词从句(定语从句) II. 根据功能划分:陈述句 疑问句(一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问

句,反义疑问句,修辞疑问句) 祈使句 感叹句 III. 根据句子成分:单个词汇 短语 从句 一.陈述句(五种句型) 1.I am a webaholic.我是一个网虫。 Chatting on the internet is interesting. 我喜欢网上聊天。 2.Internet dating hurts.网恋有害。 3.I like chatting online.我喜欢网上聊天。 4.Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.网 上聊天给我带来很多乐趣。 5.We can call internet addicts a webaholic.我们管网上 一隐君子叫网虫。

I. 常用作连系动词: ①变成,变得:become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn 口诀:好是come,坏是go;天气、外貌慢慢grow; 流水、金钱缓缓run;颜色、天气大不同turn;Get\ become口语化,如果要说就用它. 口诀解读: 如:Dreams come true. 梦想成真。

英语句型结构与句子成分划分复习课程

高一英语初高中衔接练习 第二讲英语句型结构与句子成分划分 一、句子类型 (1)、简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语动词(或并列谓语动词)构成的句子。 1) 简单句的类别 1.陈述句(肯定句、否定句) 2.疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意 3.祈使句 4.感叹句(How + adj. ( +S + V) ! What + n. ( +S + V) ! 2) 简单句的基本词序 主语谓语宾语状语 I bought a hat yesterday. The children ran home. The taxi driver shouted at me angrily. We ate our meal in silence. The car stopped suddenly. A young girl walked confidently on the stage. (2)、并列句:由两个或两个以上等立而又相互独立的简单句构成,两个简单句由并列连词连在一起。其结构是:简单句+并列连词+简单句 1. I help him and he helps me . 2. He failed many times but he wasn’t discouraged. 3. We must hurry, or we shall miss the train. 4. Not only did he write to us but also he came here yesterday. 5. Either he didn’t speak clearly or I didn’t hear well. (3)、复合句:简单句中的某一个成分由一个句子来充当。 1.名词性从句:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 1) What he said just now is right. 2) He said that he had seen the film. 3) This is why he didn’t go to school. 4) The news that he has passed the exam made me happy. 引导名词性从句的连词有: that, which, if, whether, who, whom, whose, when ,how, where, why, ever. 2.修饰性(形容词性)从句:定语从句 1) The man who is standing there is White. 2) The building which was built is a school. 3) This is the place where I lived. 引导定语从句的连词有: that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why. 3. 副词性从句:状语从句 (条件、时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、比较、让步状语从句)

划分句子成分划分英语句子成分经典练习

划分句子成分练习 练习1.分析下列句子成分,在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。 1)Tree s turns green when spring comes. 2)The old man was feeling very tired. 3)His job is to train swimmers. 4)Where he was buried remained unknown. 5)What he said proved true. 6)We must keep quiet. 7)The shop stayed open until eleven. 8)She appeared younger than she really was. 9)His face went red. 10)He fell ill last week. 11)The cake I ate yesterday taste delicious. 从上面我们可以看出,常见的系动词有,_____、_____、______、______、______、_____、_______、________等,它们下面一般跟________词作表语。 练习 2.分析下列句子成分,在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。口译,体会it的替代性用法。 1)It is very plain to me that he is round and tall like a tree. 2)It is a fact that English is being accepted as an

international language. 3)It worried her a bit than her hair was turning grey. 4)The chairman thought it necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. 5)She made it her duty to look after all the other people’s affaires in that town. 6)I don’t think it possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. 7)He made it known to his friends that he didn’t want to enter politics. 8)I leave it to your own judgment whether you should do it. 从上面我们可以看出,作形式主语和宾语一般用代词______,真正的主语或宾语通常是________或__________,放在下面。 练习 3. 分析下列句子成分,在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。口译,留意定语是什么词性或结构充当,并留意定语的位置。 1)Comrades in her group often help her with grammar. 2)The women on the left are making shirts for the neighbors. 3)The letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu.

英语句子的五种基本结构精编版

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19种英语常用句型结构(精)

19种英语常用句型结构 [精] 初学英语的人常常感到在掌握一些英语单词和基本语法后,在英语说和写方面还是很难表达自己,其中一个原因是没有掌握一些英语句型,只有掌握了一些句型才能比较正确、完整地表达自己。下面是一些常用的句型及其例句。 1.否定句型 2.判断句型 3.祝愿祈使句式 4.感叹句型 5.疑问句型 6.数词句型 7.关联指代句型 8.比较句型 9.比喻类句型 10.条件假设句 11.时间句型 12.地点句型 13.原因句型 14.目的句型 15.结果句型 16.程度句型 17.让步句型

18.转折句型 19.省略句 1. 否定句型 1) 一般否定句 I don't know this. No news is good news. There is no person /not a person/not any person in the house. 2)特指否定 He went to his office, not to see him. I am sorry for not coming on time. I don't think/believe/suppose/feel/imagine you are right. 3)部分否定 I don't know all of them. I can't see everybody/everything. All the answers are not right.(并非所有答案都对。)All is not gold that glitters. (闪光的不一定都是金子。) Both of them are not right.(并非两人都对。) 4)全体否定 None of my friends smoke. I can see nothing/nobody.

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