【如何培养学生英语课外阅读的好习惯等】
【如何培养学生英语课外阅读的好习惯等】英语课外阅读对学生英语学习的终身发展起着很重要的作用。
课外阅读是课堂的延伸和补充，是学生感受语言和使用语言的重要手段。学生在课外阅读过程中可以复习和巩固词汇、句型，增强学生的英语阅读理解能力。大量阅读在英语学习过程中起到至关重要的作用，同时对学生英语的口语水平的提高也起到不可或缺的作用。如何培养学生英语课外阅读的好习惯呢?
一、充分发挥教师的“典范”作用
所谓“言传身教”，教师不但要大力宣传阅读的好处和重要性，还应自己树立典范、博览群书，以便课堂上能将各种知识随口道来，学生就会因教师的博学而钦佩效仿。
二、培养良好的阅读习惯
学生良好的英语阅读习惯的培养，需要教师的正确指导。教师
要利用课堂教学设计一些有助于提高阅读基本技能的活动，培养学生良好的阅读技巧。
阅读训练刚开始时，教师要对学生提出要求：坐端正、集中注意力；默读，不要出声；以意群或句子为单位，不要逐字逐句读；养成根据上下文意思猜生词词意的习惯。
三、给学生推荐合适的课外读物
“兴趣是最好的老师。”阅读材料的选择，首先，要有趣味性；其次，还要有可读性，难度要适合学生的水平。如，世界名著的简写本《书虫系列》《床头灯系列》《 __》等。正如诺贝尔文学奖获得者黑塞所说：“每个人应当从自己能够理解和喜欢的作品开始阅读。”
四、文章遵循由易到难的原则
文章的长度要由短到长。很多学生没有课外阅读的习惯。教师要指导他们由最短的小笑话、漫画或者如一些学习辅导报上的小资讯读起。这些小文章往往一分钟左右就能读完，有趣而且简单，并且贴近学生的生活，能引起学生的兴趣。文章的内容要由具体到抽象。有故事情节的记叙文、报刊上的小说等，容易理解。有利于增强学生课外阅读的信心。然后，再渐渐过渡到一些说明文、议论文等各种体裁的文章。
五、阅读的形式多样化
每天坚持阅读英语报纸杂志、文学作品等书面材料。或者收看电视新闻、电视剧、综艺节目或是电影等等可以被称作“有声阅读”。
六、阅读要适量、持之以恒
每天要求的量不多，阅读一两篇英语课外读物，但是要经常提醒学生贵在坚持。坚持不懈地训练，学生能养成好的阅读习惯，提高阅读速度和效率。
总之，教师的指导不但要“授之以鱼”，而且要“授之以渔”，要让学生通过英语阅读自我提高、自我创新。
浅谈新课标下的初中数学课堂教学
魏月玲
摘要：新课标的实施，使得原来的数学课堂教学方式已经不能适应新的教学要求。新课改要求教师要用新的教学理念、教学思想、教学手段和教学方式来实现学生素质教育的教学目标。新课改不仅要求教师不断提高自身的知识素养，而且还要加强自身的心理素质；教师必须适应新的教学内容，灵活地变换教学方式，提高学生的创新能
力；教学中的教与学不仅是传授知识和掌握知识的关系。更注重学生的自主学习能力和培养学生终身学习的学习技能。
关键词：新课标；初中数学；教学理念；教学手段；教学方式
随着教学课程的改革，传统的教学观念、教学方式和教学手段受到前所未有的挑战和考验，为更好地实现新课改的教学目标，我们要摈弃传统教学模式中不合理、不科学的数学课堂教学方式，不断尝试新的教学方式，运用新的教学手段，提高学生的创新能力，发展学生的思维，激发学生的学习兴趣。本文就初中数学教学新课改要求下，如何进行数学课堂教学进行探析。
一、提高教师知识素养和职业道德素养，优化教学水平
教师的知识素养直接影响到教学水平，教师的职业道德素养对学生的心理素质和正确的人生观、价值观有直接影响。所以，结合新课改的教学培养目标，把“育人”和“育才”结合起来。要求教师不断提高自身的知识素养，不仅要在专业知识知得深，还要在其他知识方面知得广，社会的网络化使得学生的思想提早成熟，知识面比较广，这要求教师跟上时代进步，不断给自己“充电”，不断扩展知识面，以便在课堂上有足够的知识应对学生提出的各种问题。
二、教师和学生进行角色转换，引导学生主动参与教学活动
新课改要求教师的角色由过去的“传授知识的人”转变为“引导学生进行学习的人”，转变传统教学活动中“教师中心”方式，转向以“学生为主体，教师为主导”的新型教学观念。新课改下要求教师清晰自己在教学活动中的作用——引导学生和组织学生学习、协调教学活动、激励学生自主学习。
三、坚持“因材施教”原则，丰富的教学方式和教学手段
新课标的教育观念要求教师在数学教学中关注学生的个体差异性，尊重每一个学生成长的不平衡性，做到“因材施教”，缩减差生和优生的之间的差距，充分挖掘每个学生的学习潜力。
四、建立平等的教和学关系，营造和谐课堂气氛
为了让学生主动参与到教学活动中，首先要做的就是给学生自由表达思想的空间。让学生勇于思考问题、敢于回答问题，构建活跃的、充满活力的课堂气氛，有助于打开学生思维，提高学生创新能力。其次，建立平等的师生关系。和谐的师生关系是实现学生主动参与教学活动的保证，和谐的师生关系可以缓解学生紧张的心理压力，营造宽松的、和谐的课堂氛围，使学生在教学活动中自由地发挥聪明才智。
五、教学内容与学生特征相结合
初中数学的教材根据学生的年龄特征和思维发展特征进行编排，教师应根据地区差异性，在数学教学中整合教学内容，数学教材是教师课堂的参照物，不是绝对标准的课堂教学的顺序安排。教师根据本校学生的基础知识和成长特点，根据本班学生的基础知识对教学内容和次序进行调整。通过循序渐进的方式，让这些学生慢慢赶上班上其他同学的学习进程。
六、改变评价方式，激发学习热情
《义务教育数学课程标准》指出：评价的最终目的是全面考查
学生的学习状况，激发学生的学习热情，全面提高学生的综合素质。教师对学生学习能力的评价，应当打破“分数决定论”的评价方式，转变评价模式，既要注重学生知识的提高和技能的掌握，又要注重学生的学习过程和学习态度，把知识掌握和学生的发展变化进行综合评价。运用多种评价手段和评价方式，把学习结果和学习过程进行综合评价，尽量对学生进行鼓励和肯定。激发学生的学习热情和学习动力。
总之，教师应该坚持在新课改要求下，改变教学理念，转变教
学手段和教学方式，敢于挑战新课改中数学教学课堂面临的困难，创
造出新颖的课堂教学方式，培养学生参与教学活动的积极性，提高学生独立的学习能力，激发学生学习的兴趣和促进学生思维的发展。
内容仅供参考
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五年级英语课外阅读 TTA standardization office【TTA 5AB- TTAK 08- TTA 2C】
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( )8. What the students ? A. does , has B. do , has C. do , have ( )9. Why you go to school today? A. isn’t B. don’t C. doesn’t ( )10. I don’t like pictures . A. draw B. to draw C. drawing 三、单句改错：下列每句的划线部分中，各有一处错误，请将其 序号填入题前括号内，并在句子后面的横线上订正。（10’） ( )1、What do you doing ? I’m watching TV. A B C ( )2、The children is running in the playground. A B C ( )3、Tom’s brothers has six dogs. A B C ( )4、Are there any juice on the desk? A B C ( )5、I like playing the football with my friends. A B C 四、翻译句子：根据中文提示，完成下列句子，每空一词。（10’） 1、迈克有什么？他有一个望远镜。 What Mike ? He a tent. 2、你要去哪里？我要去图书馆。 are you ? I’m going to the library. 3、不要忘了在纸上写上你的名字。
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