英语阅读理解答案的规律

英语阅读理解答案的规律
英语阅读理解答案的规律

阅读理解与英语考试

长期以来英语阅读理解部分的教与学总是处于一种尴尬状态之中。

一方面,人人知道它的重要性:每道阅读题分值为2分,往往因一念之差,选错一题,就会痛失2分,需要提醒大家注意的是,有的时候半分就能决定成败。

站在更深的层次,转本英语虽然从形式上分为词汇、语法、完形填空、阅读理解、翻译和作文等几部分,但归根结底都是在变相地考阅读理解。所谓完形填空无非是把阅读理解的文章去掉若干个词,要求您在阅读理解的基础上补缺;翻译就是把阅读理解文章选出几句话来,同样需要您在阅读理解的前提下,用通顺甚至是华丽的汉语表达一下而已;词汇和语法都要求在对题干句阅读理解的基础上,再结合词汇及语法的具体特点才能作出最佳选择,而我们许多同学做词汇、语法题目时,非常重视词汇和语法的自身特点,却忽视了对于题干句语义的理解,这是非常简单而又常见的错误,当然也是这类题目准确率不高的一个主要原因;阅读理解不过关,作文也受到直接影响。阅读是别人写的文章让您读,而作文是自己写文章让别人看,别人写的文章您看不懂,头脑里没有素材、没有模型,自己笔下何来好文章。对于广大考生而言,阅读理解部分完成的好坏关系考试的成败,阅读理解过关等于考试轻松了一大半。

但另一方面,考生大量背诵篇章,拼命作题,外加分析、总结,经过长期不懈的努力后,结果收效甚微。通常情况下,有很多考生阅读理解分数可以达到20至25分,但超过35分的同学却廖廖无几。

考生难点分析

根据考生水平的水同,一般存在如下三种问题:

*部分考生读不懂文章,对于复杂句尤其是长句、多义词及难词理解有误。这些考生的英语阅读的基本功还有待提高。

*还有的考生文章读得懂,但抓不住重点,不知道到文章的什么地方去找答案,他们常常抱怨时间不够,来不及答题!

*对于水平较高的学生而言,尽管不存在上述问题,可以读懂文章,也知道答案在文章中所处位臵,但由于受到陷阱题的蒙蔽而犯错误,事后会觉得冤枉。

常常听到考生这样的对话:

考生甲:“这种题太阴险了,我看懂了文章就应该能作对题,但我看懂了,却做不对,没道理!”

考生乙:“那您还是没看懂!”

阅读高分对策一半是基本功,一半是技巧。

我对题目的四个选项是这样划分的,其中作为答案的选项是解,其余几个选项都是干扰项,所谓干扰项就是您特别容易去选但又是错误选项,是非常有诱惑力的选项。其实命题的过程就是一个合理地设计陷阱的过程,反命题就是反其道而行之,理智地躲避陷阱。

所谓技巧是通过对标准化命题特点的理性分析、研究命题大路套路,在掌握命题规律的基础上,预测题目,或在对题目理解不全面的情况下,抓住标准化命题的致命弱点,最大概率求解。甚至只看选择项,不看文章,即可选对答案。

题型就是出题的套路

相声中讲的黄半仙算命,老百姓说他算得很准。比方一个农村妇女丢了首饰,也就告诉她,我已经算清楚了,丢的东西定是在锅台边、灶坑边,或床底下,这些都是她他常“出没”的地方,结果当然能找到。这和抓贼也一样,如果要黑社会老大抓一个小偷,就易如反掌,因为他对贼路很熟悉,知道他们哪些地方会去,那些地方根本不会去,可谓探囊取物,手到擒来。以上的事例无非是想说明,“仙有仙路”,黑社会有黑道,解题也同样要熟悉命题规律,掌握题路。

技巧的总结需要理智的头脑

如:“考过的是解”、“隐蔽外有解”、“合理项不是解;不合理项是解”、“中心思想是解”、“照抄原文不是解;同义替换是解”、“含义肯定的不是解,含义不肯定的是解”、“具体的不是解,概括性的是解”、“系表结构是解”、“some是解”、“具体是不是解;抽象的是解”、“简单的不是解,复杂的是解”、“含义矛盾的是解”、“复合句是解”、“比较结构是解”等等。

“从绝望中寻找希望,人生终将辉煌”——一位智者如是说。

境界

孔子曰:“生而知之者上也,学而知之者次也,困而学者又次也,困而不学者,民斯为下矣。”

二、阅读理解的大纲要求

*掌握所读材料的主旨和大意;

*了解用以阐述主旨的事实和有关细节;

*根据上下文判断大纲附表以外的某些词汇和短语的意义;

*既理解个别句子的意义,也理解上下文之间的逻辑关系;

*根据所读材料进行一定的判断、推断和引申;

*领会作者的观点和态度;

三、阅读的大忌——试图弄懂文章中的每一个词

四、积极的阅读

较高境界的阅读是把注意力集中在作者的思想上,而不是个别是零碎“单词”上。比如读到but的时候,应当能够“预见”到下一句的意思与上一句的不同,意思相反。能够抓住作者的文章的主题,及文章的脉络,这样就越读越明白,而不会只见树木,不见森林。

文章的常见脉络如下:

*时间顺序:按时间的先后说明某一理论的发展,某一研究成果由过去至现在的情况。

*一般具体:首段做总的说明,其他段落分别说明或具体论述首段观点。

*具体一般:前面几段分别说明,末段总结。

*对比:以进行对比的两个事物之间的基本共同点或差异为主题展开。

我们应注意根据文章中的结构词把握文章的脉络。文章按结构分类,又可分为顺承式文章和转折式文章:

*顺承结构指的是前后两个部分之间内容相近,相辅相成,通常由下列连接词连接:similarly , first, second, because, thus等;

*转折结构一般指两个部分之间内容相反,相互对立,通常由下列转折词连接:however, yet, but, while, nevertheless等。

区分文章是属于顺承式还是转折式,主要看文章中是否有转折词。若无,则为顺承式文章;若有,则为转折式文章。

我们还可以抓住一些结构词来判断文章结构走向,这些结构词包括:

1. 综述——详述结构词

*表示综述的词汇:often, generally speaking, thus, therefore等;

*表示详述的词汇:for example, because等。

2. 分类——列举结构词

*表示分类的词汇:there are two/three types等,其特点为“基数词”;

*表示列举的词汇:first(ly), second(ly), third(ly)…last(ly)等,其特点为“序数词”或“序数词+ly ”。

3. 对比——比较结构词

*表示比较即顺序的词汇:similarly等;

*表示对比即转折的词汇:however, but等。

七、阅读顺序——先读文章?还是先读题?

阅读的顺序很有讲究,仁者见仁,智者见智,有多种方法:

*先浏览题,记住大致考点,再读文章,划下重点位臵,最后做题,一气呵成。我比较喜欢此种方式。

*直接从问题入手,边读题边到前面的文章中寻找答案。

*不读文章,只做题目。本法仅适用于“狗急跳墙”的时候。

九、常规命题思路

中心+细节=文章

*文章中心常考:常于主题句中表现出来,主题句可以出现于文章的首句或篇中,一篇文章也可以没有明确的主题句。

*段中心常考:可以在段子的首句和末句,也可以没有明显的段中心句,需要自己概括出来。*细节题的实质:细节题针对文章的某个局部命题,通俗地说,所谓细节题就是将文章中的一句话拿出来单考。

*指代(信息传递)常考:文章中的指代常作为考察内容。

命题模式:B指代A,B具有X特点,结论为A具有X特点。有时只是简单地提问指代关系。

*倒着考:即是将文章中的某句话,倒过来考一遍。

命题模式:文章中A导致B;问题:有B这一结果,为何?答案:因为A。

*反着考:即是将文章中的某句话,反过来考一遍。

命题模式:文章中A具有X属性,B与A不同;

问题:B有何属性?答案:非X属性。

十、阅读题类型及其特点

考研阅读题目一般有五种题型,分别是:

*主题性问题

*细节性问题

*态度性问题

*推断性问题

*词汇性问题

下面详细介绍这5种题型的特点、解题思路:

(一)主题性问题

主题性问题,顾名思义,要求考生找到一篇文章的中心思想。命题形式有以下3种:

1. Main Idea 类型

典型问题形式:What is the main idea/point of this passage?

选项形式为陈述句。要求考生选择表达作者思想、观点的句子。

2.Main topic类型

典型问题形式:What is the main topic of this passage?

选项形式为名词或名词词组。要求考生指出文章的Topic(论题),或Subject(主题),或title(标题)等。

3.Purpose类型

典型问题形式:What is the author’s main purpose in the passage?

选项形式多为动宾结构。要求考生找到主要的写作目的。

抓主题句是概括中心思想的一个常见方法,主题句表达中心思想,其他的句子均围绕其展开说明或议论。它通常以判断句的形式出现,在文章的通常位臵为第一段首句、第一段末句和全文末句等地方。

*第一段首句许多文章开门见山,一开始就摆出要说明的主要对对象或要论述的主要观点。接下去的句子和段落都说明或论述它。这样,文章的结构就属于一般具体,主题句也就在首段首句。

*首段末句也是主题句常出现的地方,在这种情况下,这个主题句不仅是对全文的总结,也是对第一段的总结,而且开启第二段及以后的说明或论述。简而言之,这种文章的结构是:具体说明或论述(一段)总结(一段末的主题句)后文的具体说明和论述。这种形式的主题句之前通常有表示总结的提示词,如:in consequence, to conclude, in summary to sum up, in short, in brief; 或表推断的提示词:therefore, thus, as a result, accordingly; 或表示转折的提示词:but, yet, however等。转折之后出现主题句的情况比较多,对于这种谋篇套路编写的文章,笔者给它起个名字叫新老观点对应性文章。文章中出现诸如a popular belief, frequently assumed, universally accepted 等词句提示作者将要在下文提出一个标新立异的与之不同的新观点,那么新观点就是主题大意,而作者对老观点的态度则是批判的。

*文章首末两段均有主题句主题句到末段才出现的情况较少,常见的情况是文章开门见山提

出主题句,中间加以论述,文末复述首段主题,这也是写作的方法之一。

主题性问题干扰项的特征:

*局部信息:是主旨题干扰项最常见的特点,是指选项中出现之涉及文章的细节,如一句无展开论述的话;某自然段的大意,此种选项干扰性很强,做题时尤其需要留神。有超过一半的文章中心在文章的首句和末句。从解的特征来看一般符合“概括性的是解;中心思想是解”。参见解是特征节。

*概括范围太宽:指选项包含的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容。提问标题的干扰项常有此特点。此种干扰项是“概括性的是解”的克星,需要注意。

*无关信息:即文章中未提到、或找不到语言依据的信息。

(二)细节性问题

细节性问题为阅读考题的基本问题,占很大比重。此类考题比较简单,因此是我们拿分的部分,有必要争取全部细节性考题答题正确。体会:大部分细节题体现“中心思想是解”。下面将细节性考题分类进行讨论。

1.According题型

此题型为最基本题,由According to the passage或The passage states that引导,考查学生对于文章中Factual(事实)内容的掌握,如时间、地点、事件等细节问题。

对策:利用题目中的关键词寻找文中对应词,在对应词周围查找到答案。

2.数字题型

此种题型为比较基本的题目,考查学生对数字的理解能力,一般有如下3种考查方法:

*运算型:通过四则运算(主要是加减法)求解。

对策:注意原始数据不是解。

*多个选一个题型:文中出现多个时间或数字,对应不同的事物,问题只考其中一点。

对策:对号入座。

*域型:文中时间后数字为一区域/范围,求最高、最低或其中某一点。

*世纪型:已知某一年份,求其为哪个世纪。如已知1906年,问其为19世纪初。这种题极易做错,请考生注意。

*文字表达型:文章并未出现数字,只有表示数字概念的文字,求其表示的数量。此种题目稍难,因为文章中没有现成的数字,要求考生通过表达数字要领的文字加以推断。

3.是非题型

*三误一正

该题型指三项错误,只有一项符合原文内容。典型提问方式:

Which of the following is true?

根据题干或选项中的关键词回返原文,找到相关句与选项相比较就能得到答案。如果定位困难,可以考虑运用排除法,不符合解的特征及“含有原文中未提到的新概念”等选项可以排除,这样找到正确答案的可能性就大。

*EXCEPT题型

该题型俗称“三缺一”题型,即题目四个选项中有三个符合文章内容,剩下一个不符合,题目便是要求选出这个不符合文章内容的选项。典型提问形式如:

Which of the following is true except……?

Which of the following is mentioned except……?

Which of the following is not mentioned?

这种题型有两种考法,一种是考并列、列举句,只考一个句子,考局部。这是因为它要求其三个选项中的每一个都是文章中并列或列举句中出现的。利用这一特点,我们在读文章的时

候就多留意,如看到并列、列举句,可预想到它有可能考到,如发现题目中有“三缺一”题型,则应到并列、列举外找答案。另一种是篇章性的考法:三个干扰英在文章中不同部分出现,难度很大。这种题目难度大于TOEFL,接近GRE。做EXCEPT题时需注意不要漏看题干中的EXCEPT,NOT等词。

4.例证题型

例子是考研的阅读理解常考点之一,典型提问方式如下:

The author provides in Line…(Paragraph…) an example in order to…

例子是中心思想的体现,解的特征符合“中心思想是解”。文章出现例子无非是为了说明一定的道理,关键在于这个例子在文章中出现的位臵,但不管如何,这个例子之前或之后不远处通常总有一句总结说明就是答案,即被例证对象。如果例子与全文主题有关,则例证主题,“中心思想是解”;如果例子与段落主题有关,则例证明段落主题,“段中心是解”。

细节题干扰项的特征

细节题有难有易,较容易的可以根据题干或选项的线索回原文定位,然后由相关句得到正确答案。细节题干扰项有如下几种:

*无:选项中所讲内容在原文中根本不存在,或找不到语言依据:如本身正确但在原句中无语言依据的无关选项,原文中没有提到甲,但选项中有甲;原文中有甲与乙,但未对甲与乙做比较,而选项中说明甲比乙如何;原文中说甲有乙特征,但选取项中说甲有乙之外的特征;选项中的限定词表示的范围或程度大于或小于文中提到的范围或程度。

*反:选项的内容与原文相矛盾一原文说西,选项说东;原文说低,选项说高。

*混:原文说甲事物有某特征,但选项却张冠李戴,挪乙事物上。

*偏:原文中说某事物有诸多特征,而且题干要求多种特征,但选项仅讲了一个特征,这就属于偏。

(三)态度性问题

态度性问题考查学生是否了解文章作者或文中某人对某事物所持观点或态度。命题形式为The attitude of the author towards something is one of …?

态度性问题的选项一般分为以下三种:

*褒义词:positive, wonder, support, useful, interesting, enthusiasm, admiring 等;*中性词:indifferent, impassive, uninterested, ambivalent(矛盾的), neutral, apathetic(无兴趣的), humor, disinterested, disinterest等;

*贬义词:disgust, critical, negative, tolerant, disappointment 等。

策略:

*遇到这样的词,要用笔画下来,以免以后不好找。

*根据文中有典型褒贬含义的词汇判断。

*当题目要求找出作者对某人的态度时,答案多为褒义词,其他词类可能性较小。

(四)推断性问题

典型提问方式it can be inferred from the passage that 。

此类型问题考查学生根据已知内容推断引伸含义的能力。命题形式包括下列五个动词:infer, inply, suggest, conclude 和assume。

此类型问题要求考生根据文章中的关键词、短语、结构等进行推断,或要求考生通过阅读某段或几段内容,推断出一个结论,类似于主题性问题。注意防止不依据关键词而凭空进行推断,这是许多考生存在一的个通病。

(五)词汇性问题

根据上下文判断大纲词汇表以外某些词汇和短语的意义,主要考察两种情况:

*熟词僻义或具体词义在特定语言环境的场合考法。注意在这种情况下,常规含义不是解。*超出词汇表的生词含义的推断。

主要策略:

*根据构词法推测超纲词的含义:熟读王争《词汇的奥秘》,不但可以使你速记考研词汇,熟悉词汇考试要点,而且通过由此掌握的构词法对临场推测超纲词汇很有价值。

*心里一定要清楚,只有根据上下文来判断该词真正具有合理性的词义,才是您唯一的出路。这里的上下文指该词所在句子本身,也包括句子的上下句或更远的上下文。一般而言,上下文线索所提示的意义与所考词汇的关系要么为同义关系,要么为反义关系。例如二者为同义关系,那么所考词汇的意思就是线索提示词的意思假如二者为反义关系,所考词汇的意思就是线索提示词的反义。提示词与所考词汇关系的形式与结构如下:

同义关系:所考词汇在文章中被同义词、同位语、定语从句等解释或定义时,那么它与提示词构成同义关系,这些解释有时伴随过渡词,如namely, in other word, this means. 下定义的典型方式如下:

名词(被定义对象)+定语从句(定义内容)

名词(被定义对象)+be+名词(定义内容)

名词(被定义对象)+be called +(定义内容)

by+名词(被定义对象)+be meant+名词(定义内容)

反义关系:凡是所考词汇与线索提示词之间以下列结构表示转折或对立关系的,二者可构成反义关系。例如:but, yet, however, although, while, whereas, despite, in site of, in contrast, on the contrary等。

利用逻辑和语法:有时根据上下文提供的线索或其他方法,仍不能得到唯一答案,就可以利用语法和逻辑的规则来判断。

十一、阅读的路标-----文章十大命题原则

任何事物的运作都有其一定的规律,阅读理解试题也不例外,它完全体现测试法的理论,表现在命题上便是依据一定的命题原则进行题目设计。我们将这种规律归纳总结成以下十条原则,即十大考试要点:

(一)列举处常考

列举指的是First,… Second,…Third,…等逐条出,并列指的是A、B、C逐项列出。它们共同的特征是列出三点或三点以上的条目。本书统称为“列举处常考”。该类型语句常考的题型是“细节性问题”,主要有两种:

* Which 题型

该题型只要求从并列的三项中选一项作为答案,其它选项与题目无关。

*EXCEPT题型

该题型要求考生通过核对文章内容,排除满足文章内容的三个选项,而留下“不”符合文章的“错误”选项,作为答案,通常称为“三缺一”题型。参见阅读类型与特点节EXCEPT题型。

(二)转折处与强对比处常考

转折处常常是语义的重点,命题常常要涉及,转折一般通过however, but yet, in fact

等引导。

强对比常由 unlike, until, however, but…引导。命题模式如下:文章中说A具有X属性,B与A不同。问题是B有可属性?参见常规命题思路节“反着考”。

(三)例子常考

句中由as, such as , for example, for instance等引导的短语或句子为举例句,需要注意的是例子一般是和文章的中心或段中心紧密相关的,常考“推断性问题”和“细节性问题”,而大多数这类问题的解都符合“中心思想是解”的解题思路。参见解的特征节“中心思想是解”。

(四)数字与年代常考

文中的数字、年代、日期等常常是命题者的命题点。

(五)最高级及绝对性词汇常考

文章中常出现first, must, all, only, anyone, always, never, none等绝对性词汇或 most +形容词(副词)和形容词(副词)+est等最高级词汇,或only, sole, unique, simply (只要),just(只要)等表示唯一的词汇往往是考题要点,一般出“细节性问题”。这是因为它们都有一个共同的特点,那就是概念绝对,答案唯一,无论是命题还是答题,不会产生歧义和疑问,因此很容易命题,答案绝对正确。相反地,如果文章中出现相对性的词汇,就很难有唯一的答案的。请大家琢磨一下下边的例题,文中:Some of the people chose red hats, some chose green hats, and others blue ones. 问题:What color hats did some people choose? 因为其中some为相对性词汇,所以就没有唯一正确的答案,答案可能为red,green或blue,这样就会给评卷造成了困难。大家体会一下,其实命题也受到许许多多的限制,要按照一个固定套路进行。

(六)专有名词常考

包括人名、地名、或其他的专有名词。当您阅读之前,先扫视一下文章后的题,如果有专有名词,划下来,这样在阅读的时候才能有的放矢。

(七)隐蔽处常考

隐蔽处顾名思义,即是指句子中隐蔽之处、容易忽视之处,包括:

*同位语 *插入语 *定语 *长句后半句 *从句 *副词 *不定式

(八)因果句常考

句中含有如下结构或词汇的称为因果句:

*表示因果的连词:because, since, for, as, therefore, so, consequently等;

*表示因果的动词:cause, result in, originate form等;

*表示因果的名词:base, basis, result, consequence等。

这些因果句都是指明某两个事件之间因果关系的,尤为命题者所青睐,因为通过命题可以考查文中两个事件内在的因果关系。

此种句型一般出“推断性问题”。

(九)段落句常考

文中首段第一句(段首句)和末段最后一句(文尾句)都是十分重要的地方,往往是文章作者表达中心思想,进行总结综述的地方,因此常出主题性问题、细节性问题,和结构性问题。

(十)特殊标点常考

有一些特殊标点的含义也属于考查范围:

*破折号:表示理解,考细节性问题;

*括号:表示解释,考细节性问题;

*冒号:表示解释,考细节性问题;

*引号:表示引用,考细节性问题;

综上所述,我们可以利用上面所介绍的考题点,作为“路标”,迅速地指引我们找到正确答案;同时作为命题规律,检验自己所选答案的正确性。有些同学做题很快,其中一个很本质的原因在于他对考点非常敏感,见到“路标”就能预见考题,未见考题,已知答案。如果说读完文章后就能预测出后边会考哪五道题,确实是言过其实,但对应试高手而言,一篇文章读过,心理已预见到七、八道考题,而之后真实考题尽在预料之中确实是常见的。

十二、解的特征【重点】

每道都由题干(即问题)与四个选项组成。我对四个选项这样划分:其中一个是答案的选项称为解,其余三个选项不称为选项,而称为干扰项,因为几乎每个选项都被命题者加上了十足的功力,麻痹考生,以达到不容易被考生答对的目的。这样由命题难度梯度决定,解必然有如下特点:

“中心思想是解”

对一主题题型“中心思想是解”非常好理解。但大家一定要注意到大多数细节题也符合“中心思想是解”,因为很多细节刀是围绕中心的细枝末节。

“隐蔽处有解”

指方章中的或一名话的隐蔽之,常见有同位语、插入语、定语、长句后半句、从句、副词、不定式等。

“合理项不是解;不合理项是解;无关项是解;事实是解”

问:“狗是干什么的?

答:“狗是看门的”

在各类英语考试中,这种选项显然是错误的因为人人都知道狗是看门的,狗是看门的是常识,是典型的合理项,合理项不是解。那么,狗是干什么的?我给大家举个例子:狗是锻炼身体的。很多同学不理解,觉得没有道理。其实文章中很可能六我们家养了一条狗,每天早上我和狗都去跑步,狗跑多快,我就跑多快,后来我身体就越来越好,所以狗就成了锻炼身体的了。但问题问狗是干什么的,干扰项中必然出现诸如狗是看门的选项,那是给那些想瞎猜的人准备的,理由很简单,就是不能让考生不看文章答对题。

总之合理项是指合理的选项,合理项主要分为两种情况:一种是生活常识,另一种是在不看文章的前提下,问题与答案极其吻合。

但想想看,反其道而行之呢?对策:“合理项不是解;不合理项是解;无关项是解;事实是解”。

“照抄原文不是解;同义替换是解”

如果选项中出现照抄原文的情况,有时选项同文章中的某句话一模一样,此选项高度可疑,而某选项通过同义替换,或词类转换如由名词转换成动词,则“同义替换是解”。

“含义肯定的不是解,含义不肯定的是解”

“人之初,性本善。”人类的本质是善良、这一点在考试上也一样,很多同学出于善良、朴实的天性喜欢得出一个确定的结论。“文章我看就要看懂懂,结论一定要明确”,很多同学就是这样想的,但一选就容易错误。命题者从加大题目难度的考虑,当考到对一个问题的结论的时候,通常不会让您得到肯定的一个结论,即使有非常明确结论的东西他也不喜欢考,

要不怎么达到15%~18%通过率哪?这样我们很同学答题很不对路,而我则不一样,一见到含义不肯定的、模模糊糊的东西就喜欢,就觉得心潮澎湃,因为我知道不但我能答对此题,而且还知道别人错在那里,这里提醒大家一定要从思维上战胜考试。

“can是解”“could是解”“may是解”“usually是解”“Right是解”“most是解”

“more or less是解”“relatively是解”“be likely to是解”“whether or是解”“not definitely是解”“possible是解”“suspicion是解”“not necessarily是解”“dubious是解”“hesitate是解”“suggest是解”…

“潜在的是解”“potential是解”“trend是解”“threat是解” ...

“未知是解”“unknown是解”…

“绝对的不是解”“must不是解”“always不是解”“never不是解”“the most不是解”

“all不是解”“only不是解”“any不是解”“none不是解”“entirely不是解”“absolute 不是解”

“最高级不是解”…

*例外:在表示原因,表示方式、方法时。

“具体的不是解,概括性的是解”

只见树木,不见森林,这是很多学生阅读的一个阶段,命题者常利用这一点“欺负”考生,将解做成概括性的选项,干扰项使用具体的内容,使同学犯瞎子摸象的错误。

“both是解”“various是解”“and 是解”“名词复数是解”“many是解”“general 是解”“not only…but also是解”“系表结构是解”…

“some是解”

some作解,既符合概括性的是解,也符合含义相对的是解。具备此两者“美德”的单词不多,所以some倍受命题者青睐,古今中外的各种考试中不时出现。别忽视了长相和some

不一样的certain,其实质也是some的一种。

“someone是解”“somebody是解”“something是解”“someday是解”“certain(一些)是解”

“具体的不是解,抽象的是解”

与具体的选项相比,抽象的不容易理解,这成了命题者增加难度的常见手段。

“approach是解”“concept是解”“misconception是解”“awareness是解”“property 是解”“character是解”“chance是解”“opportunity是解”

“重要是解”

重要是解,是“抽象的是解”的一种常见形式。

“important是解”“necessity是解”“essential是解”“significant是解”“dominant 是解”“special是解”“vital是解”“particular是解”“fundamental是解”…“基础是解”“basis是解”“be based on 是解”“basic 是解”“in the nature 是解”“origin是解”“originate是解”…

“虚词型的解”

“another是解”“other是解”“more是解”“either是解”“also是解”“beside 是解”“additional是解”“extra是解”“same是解”…“部分是解”“nearly

是解”“not enough是解”“part是解”“inadequate是解”…

“简单的不是解,复杂的是解”“含义矛盾的是解”“different是解”“separation 是解”“division是解”“X and not X是解”“instead of 是解”“complex是解”“discuss是解”“极端的不是解,中庸是解”“复合句是解”“长的是解”“比较结构是解”“字面意思不是解,深刻含义是解”“双重否定是解”“三重否定是解”“难的是解”“difficult是解”…

“相互作用是解”“interfere是解”“effect是解”“each other是解”“affect 是解”“respond是解”“adapt to是解”“influence是解”“compensate是解”“associate with是解”“relationship是解”“cooperation是解”“depend是解”

“变化是解”

“change是解”“shift是解”“vary是解”“alter是解”“variation是解”“formation 是解”“no longer是解”“delay是解”“improve是解”“postpone是解”“increase 是解”“convert是解”…

“积极向上的是解”

凡是参加考研的同学,都是国家重点培养的人才,作为国家的未来的代表,一定要注意灌输正面的、积极向上的思想,考研试题也不例外,这即是“积极向上的是解”的根源。“objective是解”:记住作者的态度一般永远是客观的,如果选项中出现此选项的话。“独出心裁是解”“new是解”“inventive是解”…

“主观是解”

主观的难于客观的,符合“难的是解”

“忽视是解”“neglect 是解”“ignore是解”“expect是解”“speculate是解”“suspect 是解”“overlook是解”“overestimate是解”“like是解”“dislike是解”…sdgdhsfaun欢迎登录医博园论坛https://www.360docs.net/doc/6b8803594.html,

二选一,50%概率求解的方法:

“反义项,解在其中”

“形似项,解在其中”

“近义项,解在其中”

实战出真知,技巧是从大量试题中总结出来的,要想真正掌握技巧,那就要去实战中去。请大家继续阅读本书,当您读完本书后,再重读本篇,体会一下是否对此有更深入的理解?是否有新的感觉?

十三、万无一失的答题方法

*从正面解题,抓住文章的中心思想,掌握文章的脉络结构,明查文章的细枝末节。

*从反面验证解的合理性,及命题的合理性,避开陷阱,排除隐患。

*不但要知道哪一个是解,解对在那里,而且还要知道其余三个非解选项(即干扰项)错在什么地方。

如果您能够做到以上三个方面,(注意此三者并无因定顺序,尤其是在答题遇到不顺利的情况下),那您才真正达到高手做题的那种与世无争、独孤求败的境界。这与其说是方法,不如说是境界,没有非凡的阅读能力,只能是纸上谈兵。如果您现在没有此能力,不要着急,那就请您将它看作是您今后奋斗的目标,催人奋进的动力。

中考英语阅读理解及答案

I In the early 1990s,the word” Internet” was strange to most people. But today, Internet has become a useful tool for people all over the world. Maybe Internet has been the greatest invention in the field of communication in the history of mankind(人类) Communicating with others on the Internet is much faster. We can chat with a person who is sitting in the other part of the world. We can e-mail our friends and they can read the e-mails within a minute. Giving all kinds of information is probably the biggest advantage of the Internet. We can use search engines to find the information we need. Just type in a keyword or keywords and the search engine will give us a list of suitable websites to look at. We can enjoy a lot on the Internet by downloading games, visiting chat rooms or surfing (浏览)websites. There

(英语)英语阅读理解练习题含答案及解析

一、中考英语阅读理解汇编 1.阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中,选出最佳选项。 What will the world of the future be like? There are plenty of people who are happy to give their opinion of what we will be doing in 2050. Here are two predictions about the world of tomorrow. When we dream about the future, many like to think of owning a personal flying car. The advantages are obvious. This technology would allow total freedom of movement. We could fly at 480 km per hour, avoiding traffic lights and busy roads. However, some people believe there will be problems with traffic control. If the cars become popular, there is likely to be air traffic jam. Another big problem is mechanical failure. What will happen if the cars stop working? These are problems we must expect if flying cars become a reality. Three-dimensional printing is another new technology with exciting possibilities. 3D printers are used to build an object with liquid plastic. They build the object layer by layer until it is complete. Car companies already use 3D printers to make life-size models of car parts, and medical companies use the technology to make man-made body parts. As we move into the future, 3D printing will revolutionize the way we shop, the way we manufacture and the way we treat sick people. The disadvantage is that such equipment will be extremely expensive. So in the future, we might be able to fly to work or print out new shoes. Although there are some problems to solve before this will be possible, we can certainly dream of a world where technology makes life easier and safer for millions of people. (1)What is the passage mainly about? A. Environmental protection. B. The world of tomorrow. C. Advantages of technology. (2)What do we learn from the passage? A. Some people think technology development may bring new problems B. 3D printing can bring great changes to our life and its equipment is cheap. C. The flying cars won't bring air traffic jam even when they become popular.

(英语)初三英语阅读理解解析版汇编含解析

一、中考英语阅读理解汇编 1.阅读下面的材料,判断下列句子是否符合短文内容。 More and more people are using mobile phones now. Smart phones are used as televisions, cameras, and music players. They are also used for sending e-mails or surfing the Internet. If someone talks about mobile phones, many Chinese will think of Huawei. In China, even in the world, Huawei is a wonder (奇迹). Ren Zhengfei built up (创建)Huawei company in 1987. The company sold 58.4 million smart phones in the first season of 2019. Huawei has got the second place at the mobile market. Now, Huawei has been the leader in 5G field. It has more than 75, 000 top engineers and scientists on research. They try their best to bring digital (数码) and high technology to every person and place. It's more convenient for modern people to live in a rapid way. What a useful technology 5G is! We are looking forward to seeing a stronger Huawei. It provides a faster and better communication way for us. It also brings "Created in China" to the world. (1)You can use Huawei mobile phones to take photos. (2)Ren Zhengfei set up Huawei company in 1987. (3)Huawei has got the first place at the mobile market. (4)Few top engineers and scientists work on research in Huawei company. (5)Huawei gives us a slower communication way. 【答案】(1)1 (2)1 (3)0 (4)0 (5)0 【解析】【分析】短文大意:这篇短文讲的是华为手机和5G技术的发展情况。 (1)细节理解题。根据Smart phones are used as televisions, cameras, and music players. 智能手机被用作电视、相机和音乐播放器。可知可以照相。故答案为:正确。 (2)细节理解题。根据Ren Zhengfei built up (创建) Huawei company in 1987。任正非于1987年创建华为公司。故答案为:正确。 (3)细节理解题。根据Huawei has got the second place at the mobile market. 华为在移动市场排名第二。故华为在移动市场上占据第一。故答案为:错误。 (4)细节理解题。根据It has more than 75, 000 top engineers and scientists on research. 它

英语阅读理解题及答案

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