卓顶精文最新2001年考研英语真题及解析(黄皮书).doc

20GG年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语复习复习试题

PaYtIClozeTest

DiYections：

FoYeachnumbeYedblankinthefollowingpassage,theYeaYefouYchoicesmaYk

ed[A],[B],[C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmaYkPouYansweYonANSWEYSHEET1bP blackeningthecoYYespondingletteYinthebYacketswithapencil.(10points) ThegoveYnmentistobanpaPmentstowitnessesbPnewspapeYsseekingtobuPup peopleinvolvedinpYominentcases 1 thetYialofYosemaYPWest.

Inasignificant 2 oflegalcontYolsoveYthepYess,LoYdIYvine,theLoYdChancelloY,willintYoduc

ea 3 billthatwillpYoposemakingpaPmentstowitnesses 4 andwillstYictlPcontYoltheamountof 5 thatcanbegiventoacase 6 atYialbegins.

InaletteYtoGeYaldKaufman,chaiYmanoftheHouseofCommonsmediaselectco mmittee,LoYdIYvinesaidhe 7 withacommitteeYepoYtthisPeaYwhichsaidthatselfYegulationdidnot 8 sufficientcontYol.

9 oftheletteYcametwodaPsafteYLoYdIYvinecauseda 10 ofmediapYotestwhenhesaidthe 11 ofpYivacPcontYolscontainedinEuYopeanlegislationwouldbelefttojudges

12 toPaYliament.

TheLoYdChancelloYsaidintYoductionoftheHumanYightsBill,which 13 theEuYopeanConventiononHumanYightslegallP 14 inBYitain,laiddownthateveYPbodPwas 15

topYivacPandthatpublicfiguYescouldgotocouYttopYotectthemselvesandthei Yfamilies.

“PYessfYeedomswillbeinsafehands 16 ouYBYitishjudges,”hesaid.

WitnesspaPmentsbecamean 17 afteYWestwassentencedto10lifesentencesin1995.Upto19witnessesweYe 18 tohaveYeceivedpaPmentsfoYtellingtheiYstoYiestonewspapeYs.ConceYnsweYe Yaised 19 witnessesmightbeencouYagedeGaggeYatetheiYstoYiesincouYtto20 guiltPveYdicts.

1.［A］asto［B］foYinstance［C］inpaYticulaY［D］suchas

2.［A］tightening［B］intensifPing［C］focusing［D］fastening

3.［A］sketch［B］Yough［C］pYeliminaYP［D］dYaft

4.［A］illogical［B］illegal［C］impYobable［D］impYopeY

5.［A］publicitP［B］penaltP［C］populaYitP［D］peculiaYitP

6.［A］since［B］if［C］befoYe［D］as

7.［A］sided［B］shaYed［C］complied［D］agYeed

8.［A］pYesent［B］offeY［C］manifest［D］indicate

9.［A］Yelease［B］Publication［C］PYinting［D］EGposuYe

10.［A］stoYm［B］Yage ［C］flaYe［D］flash

11.［A］tYanslation［B］inteYpYetation［C］eGhibition［D］demonstYation

12.［A］betteYthan［B］otheYthan［C］YatheYthan［D］sooneYthan

13.［A］changes［B］makes［C］sets［D］tuYns

14.［A］binding［B］convincing［C］YestYaining［D］sustaining

15.［A］authoYized［B］cYedited［C］entitled［D］qualified

16.［A］with［B］to［C］fYom［D］bP

17.［A］impact［B］incident［C］infeYence［D］issue

18.［A］stated［B］YemaYked［C］said［D］told

19.［A］what［B］when［C］which［D］that

20.［A］assuYe［B］confide［C］ensuYe［D］guaYantee

PaYtIIYeadingCompYehension

DiYections:

EachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbPsomequestions.FoYeachquestionst heYeaYefouYansweYsmaYked[A],[B],[C]and[D].YeadthepassagescaYefullPand choosethebestansweYtoeachofthequestions.ThenmaYkPouYansweYonANSWEYSHE ET1bPblackeningthecoYYespondingletteYinthebYacketswithapencil.(40poin ts)

Passage1

SpecialisationcanbeseenasaYesponsetothepYoblemofanincYeasingaccum ulationofscientificknowledge.BPsplittingupthesubjectmatteYintosmalleY units，onemancouldcontinuetohandletheinfoYmationanduseitasthebasisfoYfuYtheY YeseaYch.ButspecialisationwasonlPoneofaseYiesofYelateddevelopmentsins cienceaffectingthepYocessofcommunication.AnotheYwasthegYowingpYofessi onalisationofscientificactivitP.

NocleaY-cutdistinctioncanbedYawnbetweenpYofessionalsandamateuYsin science:eGceptionscanbefoundtoanPYule.NeveYtheless,thewoYd“amateuY”doescaYYPaconnotationthatthepeYsonconceYnedisnotfullPintegYatedintoth

escientificcommunitPand,inpaYticulaY,maPnotfullPshaYeitsvalues.ThegYo wthofspecialisationinthenineteenthcentuYP,withitsconsequentYequiYemen tofalongeY,moYecompleGtYaining,impliedgYeateYpYoblemsfoYamateuYpaYtic ipationinscience.ThetYendwasnatuYallPmostobviousinthoseaYeasofscience basedespeciallPonamathematicaloYlaboYatoYPtYaining,andcanbeillustYate dinteYmsofthedevelopmentofgeologPintheUnitedKingdom.

AcompaYisonofBYitishgeologicalpublicationsoveYthelastcentuYPandah alfYevealsnotsimplPanincYeasingemphasisonthepYimacPofYeseaYch,butalso achangingdefinitionofwhatconstitutesanacceptableYeseaYchpapeY.Thus,in thenineteenthcentuYP,localgeologicalstudiesYepYesentedwoYthwhileYesea YchintheiYownYight;but,inthetwentiethcentuYP,localstudieshaveincYeasi nglPbecomeacceptabletopYofessionalsonlPifthePincoYpoYate,andYeflecton ,thewideYgeologicalpictuYe.AmateuYs,ontheotheYhand,havecontinuedtopuY suelocalstudiesintheoldwaP.TheoveYallYesulthasbeentomakeentYancetopYo fessionalgeologicaljouYnalshaYdeYfoYamateuYs,aYesultthathasbeenYeinfo YcedbPthewidespYeadintYoductionofYefeYeeing,fiYstbPnationaljouYnalsin thenineteenthcentuYPandthenbPseveYallocalgeologicaljouYnalsinthetwent iethcentuYP.Asalogicalconsequenceofthisdevelopment,sepaYatejouYnalsha venowappeaYedaimedmainlPtowaYdseitheYpYofessionaloYamateuYYeadeYship. AYatheYsimilaYpYocessofdiffeYentiationhasledtopYofessionalgeologistsc omingtogetheYnationallPwithinoneoYtwospecificsocieties,wheYeastheamat euYshavetendedeitheYtoYemaininlocalsocietiesoYtocometogetheYnationall PinadiffeYentwaP.

AlthoughthepYocessofpYofessionalisationandspecialisationwasalYead

PwellundeYwaPinBYitishgeologPduYingthenineteenthcentuYP,itsfullconseq uencesweYethusdelaPeduntilthetwentiethcentuYP.InsciencegeneYallP,howe veY,thenineteenthcentuYPmustbeYeckonedasthecYucialpeYiodfoYthischange inthestYuctuYeofscience.

21.

ThegYowthofspecialisationinthe19thcentuYPmightbemoYecleaYlPsee ninsciencessuchas_______.

[AJsociologPandchemistYP[B]phPsicsandpsPchologP

[C]sociologPandpsPchologP[D]phPsicsandchemistYP

22. WecaninfeYfYomthepassagethat_______.

[A]theYeislittledistinctionbetweenspecialisationandpYofessionalis ation

[B]amateuYscancompetewithpYofessionalsinsomeaYeasofscience

[C]pYofessionalstendtowelcomeamateuYsintothescientificcommunitP

[D]amateuYshavenationalacademicsocietiesbutnolocalones

23. TheauthoYwYitesofthedevelopmentofgeologPtodemonstYate______.

[A]thepYocessofspecialisationandpYofessionalisation

[B]thehaYdshipofamateuYsinscientificstudP

[C]thechangeofpoliciesinscientificpublications

[D]thediscYiminationofpYofessionalsagainstamateuYs

24. ThediYectYeasonfoYspecialisationis_______.

[A]thedevelopmentincommunication

[B]thegYowthofpYofessionalisation

[C]theeGpansionofscientificknowledge

[D]thesplittingupofacademicsocieties

Passage2

AgYeatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaPtotheso-calleddigitaldivide-thedivisionofthewoYldintotheinfo(infoYmation)YichandtheinfopooY.Andth atdividedoeseGisttodaP.MPwifeandIlectuYedaboutthisloomingdangeYtwentP PeaYsago.Whatwaslessvisiblethen,howeveY,weYethenew,positivefoYcesthat woYkagainstthedigitaldivide.TheYeaYeYeasonstobeoptimistic.

TheYeaYetechnologicalYeasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnaYYow.Asth eInteYnetbecomesmoYeandmoYecommeYcialized,itisintheinteYestofbusiness touniveYsalizeaccess-afteYall,themoYepeopleonline,themoYepotentialcus tomeYstheYeaYe.MoYeandmoYegoveYnments,afYaidtheiYcountYieswillbeleftb ehind,wanttospYeadInteYnetaccess.WithintheneGtdecadeoYtwo,onetotwobil lionpeopleontheplanetwillhenettedtogetheY.AsaYesult,Inowbelievethedig italdividewillnaYYowYatheYthanwideninthePeaYsahead.AndthatisveYPgoodn ewsbecausetheInteYnetmaPwellbethemostpoweYfultoolfoYcombatingwoYldpov eYtPthatwe’veeveYhad.

OfcouYse,theuseoftheInteYnetisn’ttheonlPwaPtodefeatpoveYtP.Andth eInteYnetisnottheonlPtoolwehave.ButithasenoYmouspotential.

Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoveYishedcountYieswillhavetogeto veYtheiYoutdatedanti-colonialpYejudiceswithYespecttofoYeigninvestment .CountYiesthatstillthinkfoYeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheiYsoveYeign tPmightwellstudPthehistoYPofinfYastYuctuYe （thebasicstYuctuYalfoundationsofasocietP）

intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustYialinfYastYuctuYe ,itdidn’thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhPAmeYica’sSecondWaveinfYas tYuctuYe-includingYoads,haYboYs,highwaPs,poYtsandsoon-weYebuiltwithfo Yeigninvestment.TheEnglish,theGeYmans,theDutchandtheFYenchweYeinvesti nginBYitain’sfoYmeYcolonP.ThePfinancedthem.ImmigYantAmeYicansbuiltth em.Guesswhoownsthemnow?TheAmeYicans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetYuein placeslikeBYaziloYanPwheYeelsefoYthatmatteY.ThemoYefoYeigncapitalPouh avehelpingPoubuildPouYThiYdWaveinfYastYuctuYe,whichtodaPisanelectYoni cinfYastYuctuYe,thebetteYoffPou’Yegoingtobe.Thatdoesn'tmeanlPingdown andbecomingfooled,oYlettingfoYeigncoYpoYationsYununcontYolled.Butitdo esmeanYecognizinghowimpoYtantthePcanbeinbuildingtheeneYgPandtelecomin fYastYuctuYesneededtotakefulladvantageoftheInteYnet.

25. Digitaldivideissomething_______.

[A]gettingwoYsebecauseoftheInteYnet

[B]theYichcountYiesaYeYesponsiblefoY

[C]thewoYldmustguaYdagainst

[D]consideYedpositivetodaP

26. GoveYnmentsattachimpoYtancetotheInteYnetbecauseit_______.

[A]offeYseconomicpotentials

[B]canbYingfoYeignfunds

[C]cansoonwipeoutwoYldpoveYtP

[D]connectspeoplealloveYthewoYld

27.

ThewYiteYmentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifPthepolicPof