2018年高考英语二轮复习专题07阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题(练)(含解析).pdf

专题7 阅读理解Ⅳ：篇章结构题

1.[2016·北京卷]

D

Why college is not home

The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today's students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.

For previous generations, college was a decisive break from parental control; guidance and

support needed to come f rom people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, e-mail and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of

promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult

responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.

To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on ”　new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces”　within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning.

Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behaviour and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.

Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behaviour runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If

acceptable social behaviour is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behaviour that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.

It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are

reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency.

What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents' desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.

Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behaviour should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the

necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.

70．Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?

A． B.

C． D.

I：Introduction P：Point Sp：Sub-point(次要点) C：Conclusion

2.【2012·北京，D】

Wilderness

“In wilderness(荒野) is the preservation of the world.”This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism.The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection：whether to place wilderness at the heart of what

is to be preserved.

As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out，there is a strong appeal in images of the wild，the untouched；more than anything else，they speak of the nature that many people value most

dearly.The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong，and the danger exploitation(开发) brings to such landscapes(景观) is real.Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need—the rainforests，for example，store carbon in vast quantities.To

Mr.Sauven，these “ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.

Lee Lane，a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute，takes the opposing view.He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services，such as water conservation.But that is not，he argues， a reason to avoid all human presence，or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation.There are ever more people on the Earth，and they reasonably and rightfully want

to have better lives，rather than merely struggle for survival.While the ways of using resources have improved，there is still a growing need for raw materials，and some wildernesses contain them in abundance.If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide，the argument goes，there is no further reason not to do so.Being untouched is not，in itself，a characteristic worth valuing above all others.

I look forward to seeing these views taken further，and to their being challenged by the other participants.One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the

question of spiritual value a little more directly.And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.

This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings，but also the guidance

of reason.What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.

70．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

CP：Central Point P：Point Sp：Sub-point(次要点)

C：Conclusion

【答案】 D

3.【2011陕西卷，D】

Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s，genetically modified (GM，转基因) foods have been increasingly developed and marketed in many countries in the world，mainly on the basis of their promise to end the worldwide food crisis. But can GM t echnology solve world hunger problems? Even if it would，is it the best solution?

Despite what it promises, GM t echnology actually has not increased the production potential

of any corp. In fact, studies show that the most crown GM crop.GM soybeans, has suffered reduced

productivity. For instance, a report than analyzed nearly two decades

of research on major GM f ood crops shows that GM e ngineering has failed to significantly increase US crop production.

Something else, however, has been on the rise, While GM seeds are expensive, GM companies tell farmers that they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides (杀虫剂). On the

contrary, US government data show that GM crops in the US have produced an overall increase in

pesticide use compared to traditional crops. "The promise was that you could use less chemicals

and boost production. But neither is true," said Bill Christenson, President of the US National

Farm Coalition.

At the same time, the authors of the book World Hunger: Twelve Myths argue that there

actually is more than enough food in the world and that the hunger crisis is not caused by production, but by problems in food distribution and politics. These indeed deserve our efforts and money.

Meanwhile, the rise in food prices results from the increased use of crops for fuel rather than

food, according to a 2008 World Bank report.

As a matter of fact, scientists see better ways to feed the world. Another World Bank

report concluded that GM crops have little to offer to the challenges of worldwide poverty and

hunger, because better ways out are available, among which "green" farming is supposed to be the

first choice.

57.The author develops the second paragraph mainly .

A.by classification

B.by comparison

C.by example

D.by process

【答案】 C

4.【2010·重庆卷·C】

It is hardly surprising that clothing manufacturers(生产商) follow certain uniform standards for various features(特征) of clothes.What seems strange，however，is that the standard adopted

for women is the opposite of the one for men.Take a look at the way your clothes button.Men’s clothes tend to button from the right，and women’s from the left.Considering most of the world’s population—men and women—are right-handed，the men’s standard would appear to make more sense for women.So why do wome n’s clothes button from the left?

History really seems to matter here.Buttons first appeared only on the clothes of the rich

in the 17th century，when rich women were dressed by servants.For the mostly right-handed servants，having women’s shirts button from the left would be easier.On the other hand，having men’s shirts button from the right made s ense，too.Most men dressed themselves，and a sword drawn from the left with the right hand would be less likely to get caught in the shirt.

Today women a re seldom dressed by servants，but buttoning from the left is still the standard for them.Is it interesting？Actually，a standard，once set，resists change.At a time when all