定语从句讲解

定语从句讲解
定语从句讲解

定语从句讲解

有关定语从句讲解

有关定语从句讲解

一、定义

定语从句是指在句中做定语作用,修饰句中的名词或代词的从句,其中被修饰的名词或代词为先行词。当关系代词作定语从句的主语时,其后的谓语动词的人称和数取决于先行词的人称和数。

二、定语从句的结构

定语从句一般位于先行词的后面,定语从句由关系代词

who,whom,whose,that,which,that,as和关系副词when,where,why

等引导。

(一)关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中做主语时,从句

谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

(1)who,whom,that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中做主语和宾语。例如:

·Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?

他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中做主语)

·Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.

他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中做宾语)

(2)whose用作关系词表示所属格,也可看作是关系形容词,因

为它后面必须接一个名词连用。不能单独使用。例如:

·Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.

那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。

(3)which,that所代替的.先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句

中可做主语、宾语等。作宾语时常可省略。例如:

·Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinth ecountryside.

农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which/that在句中作宾语)

(二)关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。

(1)关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构,因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用。例如:

·Thereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.

任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

·Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.

北京是我的出生地。

·Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?

这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?

(2)that代替关系副词,可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由

的名词后取代when,where,why和“介词+which”引导的定语从句,

在口语中that常被省略。例如:

·Hisfatherdiedtheyear(that/when/inwhich)hewasborn.

他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

·Heisunlikelytofindtheplace(that/where/inwhich)helivedf ortyyearsago.

他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

(三)限制性和非限制性定语从句

(1)定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。

限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如:

·Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.

这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)

·Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.

这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)

(2)当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如:

·CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.

查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。

·Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.

我去年买的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

·Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.

这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。

(3)非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如:

·HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.

他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。

·Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.

液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。

说明:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。

(四)介词+关系词

(1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。

(2)that前不能有介词。

(3)某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when和where互换。例如:

·ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.

这是我两年前住过的房子。

·ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.

·Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?

还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗?

·Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?

(五)as,which引导的非限定性定语从句

由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首,which在句中。例如:

·Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.

如我们所知,吸烟有害健康。

·Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.

太阳使地球暖起来,这对我们人类很重要。

【特别提示】as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时,这两个

关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以做主

语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点:

a)as引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可。

b)as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中做主语时,从句中的谓语

必须是系动词;若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。

三、翻译方法

定语从语从句有以下五种翻译方法:

前置法:这是定语从句的翻译中较常见的一种,即把定语从句的内容翻译成“…………的”,放在被修饰词的前面。这种方法的使

用有一个原则即是定语从句内容简短,翻译符合汉语表达习惯。

后置法:与前置法不同,后置法就是把定语从句的翻译放在被修饰词之后,这样做的目的在于使译文符合汉语的表达习惯。在此,

定语从句的后置翻译分为三类:由which引导定语从句时一般翻译

为“这”;另一些引导词则在翻译时重复先行词,即被修饰词;还有

一些引导词在翻译时可以省略不译。

融合法:在限制性定语从句中,由于定语从句与主句关系紧密,所以定语从句往往翻译成句子的谓语部分,主语即是定语从句的先

行词。这里讲的融合法即是将定语从句与主句融合为一个简单句的

方法。这种用法往往用在“therebe”结构带有定语从句的句型中。。

初中英语定语从句的用法解析

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中考英语语法专题 定语从句讲解+练习

定语从句 一、定语从句 定语从句在复合句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词、词组或代词叫做先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词和关系副词)引出。 关系代词:who、whom、which、that、whose 关系副词:when、where、why 关系词常有三个作用:1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分 二、定语从句的引导词 先行词成分 关系代词 who whom which that whose 人 人 物 人/物 人/物 主语、宾语 宾语 主语、宾语 主语、宾语、表语 定语 关系副词when where why 时间 地点 原因 时间状语、表语 地点状语、表语 原因状语、表语 三、用法 1、关系代词引导的定语从句 (1)who, whom, that 代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词 Is he the man who / that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗? 注:当引导词在从句中作主语时,谓语动词的人称和数的变化取决于先行词。 Is he the man who / that wants to see you? He is the man whom / that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。

(2)which, that 代替的先行词是指事物的名词或代词 This is the family which / that is planning to move to the city. 这是正计划要搬进城里的一家。 The book which / that I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. 我正读的这本书是由托马斯·哈迪写的。 (3)whose用来指人或物(在从句中只能作定语,若指物,可以和of which互换) They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人的车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 2、关系代词的特殊用法 (1)关系代词指物时, 用that而不用which的情况: 1)先行词为something, anything, nothing, everything以及all, much, little, a lot, none, few 等不定代词时。 e. g. My mother was so proud of all that I did. 辨析:My mother was so proud of what I did. (all that = what) 2)先行词有the last, the very, the only等修饰时。 e. g. This is the very book that I’m looking for. 3)先行词为序数词、形容词最高级(或所修饰)时。 e. g. This is the most exciting film that I’ve ever seen. When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to their mind is the West Lake. 4)先行词既有人又有物时, 只能用that。 e. g. Do you remember the book and its author that appeared on TV last Sunday. 5)There be 后面的定语从句多用that引导, 不用which。 e. g. There’s a seat in the corner that is still free. 6)句子前面出现了who, which 时, 后面的定语从句用that引导。 e. g. They built a factory which made some new products that had never been seen before. 7)关系代词在定语从句作表语时, 常用that, 而不用which、who。 e. g. My home town is not the small village that it was 10 years ago. Tom isn’t the man that he used to be.

英语语法从句讲解

从句 从句按其在主句中的句法功能可分为三类: 即名词性从句、形容词性从句(即定语从句)和副词性从句(即状语从句)。 引导从句的词称作关联句. 一、名词性从句 引导这些名词性从句的关联词包括: 从属连词that, if, whether; 连接代词 who,whoever,whom,whomever,which,whichever,what,whatever,wh ose; 连接副词where, when, why, how。 其中, 从属连词只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何句法成分, 而连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分. That Owen should have married his cousin is not at all surprising. The fact is that he didn't go to the dinner party. I don't know if he will attend the meeting. Have you heard the news that Mary is going to marry Tom? 你听说玛丽要和汤姆结婚的消息了吗?(that引导同位语从句) [提示]

1. 在含有主语从句的复合句中, 为保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于句末. It's well-known that water is indispensable to life.(形式主语) 2. 为保持句子平衡, that引导的宾语从句也常用it代替, 而将真正的宾语从句置于主句句末。这常常出现在主句有形容词或分词作宾语补足语的情况下。 He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here. 3. 从属连词whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引导主语从句和表语 从句。whether可与or(not)连用, 而if不可以。 I don't know whether (if) she is at home. Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 4. that和what引导名词性从句的区别: that在从句中不充当成分,而what在从句中充当一定的成分, 如主语、表语、宾语等。that可省略, what则不可省。 He always means what he says. She suggested (that) he do it at once. 5. 同位语从句大多由从属连词that引导, 常跟在下列名词后面, 如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省。同位语从句一般用来解释说明这些名词的具体含义和内容。 We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms. The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.

定语从句讲解(新)

定语从句讲解 1.注意英汉差异:汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面,而英语中的定语则不然,是一个词时,放在被修饰词的前面,如: ①.a beautiful girl ②.a lovely boy 是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面,如: ③.She is the girl in red. 她就是穿红衣的女孩。 ④.The lady carried a bag full of money. 那位女士背了个装满钱的包。 ⑤.He is the man who you are looking for. 她就是你在找的人。 2.分清主句与从句,看究竟哪个句子缺少成分。 如上面第5: 主句:He is the man 从句:who you are looking for 在从句中,looking for 的宾语是the man.因此选用关系代词who(whom)放置于句首,便是定语从句。3.从句中做宾语的关系代词可以省略, 故第5题可以写成: He is the man you are looking for. 1、功能:相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语 2、位置:定语从句置于被修饰词之后 Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please. 3、先行词:被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词 (1)先行词一般是名词和不定代词,如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词;或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词,人称代词也同样可作先行词。 (2)先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点: ①先行词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。 This is the place which is worth visiting. ②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分,其意思就是先行词的意义,所以在从句中不能重复其意。 There are many places we can visit(them)in China. 4、关系词:引导定语从句的都称关系词 关系代词:who, whom, which, that, whose, as. 关系副词:when, where, why. (that偶尔也作关系副词。) 5、确定关系词的步骤 (1)先找关系词,看先行词指的是什么。 (2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。 6、在定语从句中,当先行词指物时,下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which (1)先行词被①形容词最高级②序数词③数词几种词修饰或被④only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时。 (2)先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。 (3)先行词中既有人又有物时。 He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus. (4)先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。 The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago. (5)当主句中含有疑问词which时。 Which are the books that you bought for me ?

定语从句讲解关系代词的用法

Un itl 《 school life 》 Grammar (1) 定语从句(AttributiveClause) I根据初中所学知识,请用红笔标出下列表格中的定语 定语从句的定义及其作用: 定语从句是又称形容词性从句,在句子中起定语作用,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可修饰一个句子.受定语从句修饰的词叫先行词.定语从句的作用和作定语的形容词、介词词组、分词词组相似,有时可以相互转换,例如:金发女孩可译作abl on degirl, agirlwithbl on dehair 或agirlwhohasblo ndehair。定语从句通常由关系代词 that/which/who/whom/which/as 或关系副词when/where/why 引导,这些词既指代主句中要说明的名词或代词,又充当从句中的某个句子成分。定语从句可分为:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面,所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句,根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是否是定语从句。 川定语从句的必备三要素 1先行词(名词或代词) | relativepr on. (assub.,obj.,pred.) 2关系词 (that 指人或物/which 指物/who(m)指人/whose) 3关系词在从 句中充当成分ativeadv. (asadverbial) (whe n/where/why) 找出下列句中的定语从句;分析定语从句三要素 1.Youaretherightmanwhomwearelookingfor. 2.I ' vespentallthemoneythatwasgivenbymyparents. 3.Iwillneverforgettheday whenljoinedtheparty.

定语从句专项讲解与练习-(1)

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定语从句(基础讲解)

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定语从句专项讲解细致导入

新高一衔接班 第二课时定语从句【Atrributive Clause 】 Part one 导入 先听一首歌‘season in the sunshine, 这是为了纪念好友离世的歌曲,很温暖的曲 调 We had joy,we had fun,we had seasons in the sun,but the hills that we climbed were just seasons out of time. 我们曾一起欢乐,我们曾一起嬉戏,我们曾拥有 的阳光中的四季,但是我们一起爬过的山已随四季流去。 好,言归正传,今天我们讲定语从句,你们初中已经学习过,但是我之前讲过高中的语法会比 初中难度增加。为了配合大家的节奏,我由简单到复杂。什么是定语从句?刚那句歌词就是定 语从句。 再看:June 是老师—June 是英语老师—June 是漂亮幽默的英语老师 你们敢说不对? 再看一句:这是一只狗---- 这是一只受伤的狗--- 这是一只左腿受伤的狗 继续继续:这房子很漂亮The house is very beautiful. Lily 买的房子很漂亮The house which bought by Lily is very beautiful. Lily 去年在米易买的房子很漂亮The house which bought by Lily last year in MY is very beautiful The boy is Luhan The boy who is dacing is Luhan 唱小芳,谁会?: 村里有个姑娘叫小芳,长得好看又善良 There is a beautiful and kind girl whose name is Xiao Fang in the village 遥远的东方有一条龙,它的名字叫中国 In the far East, thers is a dragon whose name is China. 遥远的东方有一条河,它的名字叫黄河? 所以概念出来啦 一.定语从句及相关概念 定语就是修饰限定名词或代词的词语 定语从句(Attributive Clauses )就是复合句中具有修饰限定名词或者代词的句子,在整个 句中做定语。 被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出,关系词就是连接主句和从句的词语。 我们去我们之前的句子中找先行词和关系词! 再看看几个句子。走向复杂化 Is there anything that you(主)don't understand (谓)about the problem? 先行词关系代词(指代anything )定语从句(修饰anything ,意思为“关于 这个问题,你不明白的东西”) Life is like a long race where we (主)compete with (谓)others (宾)to go beyond ourselves )定语从句(修饰 a long race ,先行词关系副词(指代“介词+a long race ” ) 意思为“在这个长跑中,我们不断超越自己去竞争。”

初中英语专题汇编英语定语从句(一)及解析

初中英语专题汇编英语定语从句(一)及解析 一、定语从句 1.The lady spoke to me in the shop is my aunt. A.Which B.who C.where D.What 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析:句意:在商店与我说话的那位女士是我的姑姑。A. Which哪一个;B. who 谁;C. where 在哪; D. What什么。The lady为先行词,指人,引导词用who或that,故答案为B。 考点:考查定语从句的引导词。 2.One is filled with knowledge always behaves with elegance(优雅). A.which B.who C.how D.what 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意:一个学识渊博的人总是举止优雅。考查关系代词。A. which关系代词,引导定语从 句时,指代物;B. who关系代词,引导定语从句时,指代人;C. how关系副词;D. what不能引导定语从句。根据One is filled with knowledge always behaves with elegance(优雅).可知,先行词one指代人,所以用关系代词who或that引导定语从句,同时在定语从句中作主语,结合选项可知B选项符合题意,故答案选B。 3.I like the writers ___________are popular among teenagers. A.who B.which C.whom 【答案】A 【解析】 句意:我喜欢受青少年欢迎的作家。本题考查定语从句。先行词是the writers,关系代词 在定语从句中作主语且指人,故选A项。 4.The girl catches the flowers on a wedding will be the next to get married. A.whom B.which C.who D.whose 【答案】C 【解析】 考查定语从句的用法。Whom指人,作从句的宾语;which指物,作从句的主语或宾语;who指人,作从句的主语或宾语;whose即指人也指物,作从句的定语,后跟名词。根据动词“catches”可推断关系词作从句的主语,而“the girl”指人,故选C。

定语从句的用法(基础讲解)

【真题再现】 1. — What do you think of the school uni forms? ” — Very good. I like clothes _ make me feel comfortable. ” 【贵州贵阳】 A. that B. what 2. There will be a flower show in the park we visited last week. 【广东】 A. who B. whe n C. what D. which 3. — Now many peo pie smoke and get ill. 【广西玉林】 —So we should do someth ing ___ can help stop smok ing. A. what B. who C. / D. that 4. I still remember the time _ we spent together at XiSai mountain last year. 【湖北黄石】 A. whe n B. what C. who D. which 5. One of the most delicious drinks __ I like is orange juice. 【湖北十堰】 A. which B. that C. whose D. whom 6. — There are so many girls over there. Which one is your sister? 【湖北随州】 —The one ______ hat is yellow. A. who B. whose C. that D. which 7. We all like the story about the teacher happened in our school last week. 【湖北咸宁】 A. which B. who C. whom D. what 8. The English-Chinese dictionary my father bought for me many years ago is still of great value. 【2012江苏南京】 【用法讲解】 考试要求: 定语从句一般不是中考重点考查内容,大部分地区的中考只要求理解定语从句,但是部分地 区也对定语从句的引导词及定语从句中的主谓一致进行了考查,但是理解定语从句的结构对于准 确理解句子的意思相当重要。 1. 定语从句的功用和结构 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。 定语从句的用法 C. who A. whose B. whe n 【答案与解析】 1. A 。考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词 which 或that 。根据句意“你觉得校服怎么样呀?很好, C. who D. that 由于先行词是物,所以引导词用 clothes 是“物”,所以定语从句的引导词用 我 喜欢穿舒服的衣服” 。 which 或that ,而且引导词在 2. D 。考查定语从句引导词的用法。 定语从句中作宾语。 3. D 。定语从句的先行词是不定代词 4. D 。由于定语从句中的先行词是 或which ,故选D 。 5. B 。由于定语从句的先行词 drinks 被形容词最高级修饰,所以引导词只能用 that ,而不用which 。 6. B 。考查定语从句的引导词, 根据句意可知引导词在定语从句中作定语, 修饰hat ,只能选whose 。 7. A 。本题需要准确找出定语从句的先行词 the story ,是指物而不是 指人,所以定语从句的引导词 用which 而不用who 。 someth ing ,所以定语从句的引导词用 that 。 time ,且引导词在从句中作宾语,所以定语从句的引导词用 that 。 that

定语从句用法讲解

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(新)高中定语从句要点讲解

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(完整word版)英语定语从句用法详解

英语定语从句用法详解 在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词where, when, why等,关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。 1.由who引导的定语从句中,who用作主语,如:This is the boy who often helps me. 2.由whom引导的定语从句中,whom用作宾语,如:The man whom you are waiting for has gone home. 3.由whose引导的定语从句中,whose用作定语,如:Do you know the girl whose skirt is white? 4.由which引导的定语从句中,which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语,如: The room in which there is a machine is a work shop. The river which is in front of my house is very clean. This is the pen which you want. 注意: (1)whom, which用作介词宾语时,介词可放在whom、which之前,也可放在从句原来的位置上;但在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在原来的位置上。如:He is the very person whom we must take good care of. (2)引导非限制性定语从句时,必须用关系代词which,不用that,如:I have lost my bag, which I like very much. (3)关系代词在句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。 5.由that引导的定语从句中,that可以指人或物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语,如: The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun. 注意在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句。 (1)先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等,如: All that we have to do is to practise English. (2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,如 The first letter that I got from him will be kept. (3)先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰,如 I've eaten up all the food that you gave me. (4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时如 He is the only person that I want to talk with. (5)先行词既有人又有物时,如: They talked about persons and things that they met. (6)当句中已有who时,为避免重复,如:Who is the man that is giving us the class? 6.由when, where, why引导的定语从句,如: I don't know the reason why he was late. This is the place where we have lived for 5 years. I'll never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time. 注意:先行词是表示地点时,如果从句的谓语动词是及物的,就用that(which),如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的,就用where引导。This is the house Which /that he has lived in for 15 years.(Where he has lived for 15 year.)

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