2022年考研考博-考博英语-南开大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第8期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南开大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B
卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
He was （）when he heard the unexpected news, but I finally convinced him.
问题1选项
A.incredible
B.inevitable
C.incredulous
D.indifferent
【答案】C
【解析】形近词词义辨析。incredible“难以置信的, 惊人的”;inevitable“必然的, 不可避免的”;incredulous“怀疑的, 不轻信的”;indifferent“漠不关心的, 中立的”。句意:他听到这个意外的消息时很不相信, 但我最终还是让他相信了。选项C符合语境。
2.
单选题
Anyone who trains animals recognizes that human and animal perceptual capacities are different. For most humans, seeing is believing, although we do occasionally brood about whether we can believe our eyes. The other senses are largely ancillary; most of us do not know how we might go about either doubting or believing our noses. But for dogs, scenting is believing. A dog’s nose is to ours as the wrinkled surface of our complex brain is to the surface of an egg. A dog who did comparative psychology might easily worry about our consciousness or lack thereof, just as we worry about the consciousness of a squid.
We who take sight for granted can draw pictures of scent, but we have no language for doing it the other way about, no way to represent something visually familiar by means of actual scent. Most humans cannot know, with their limited noses, what they can imagine about being deaf, blind, mute, or paralyzed. The sighted can, for example, speak of a blind person as “in the darkness,” but there is no corollary expression for what it is that we are in relationship to scent. If we tried to coin words, we might come up with something like “scent-blind.” But what would it mean? It couldn’t have the sort of meaning that “color-blind” and “tone-deaf” do, because most of us have experienced what “tone” and “color” mean in those expressions, but we don’t know what “scent” means in the expression “scent-blind.” Scent for many of us can be only a theoretical, technical expression that we use because our grammar requires that we have a noun to go in the sentences we are prompted to utter about animals, tracking. W e don’t have a sense of scent. What we do have is a sense of smell—for Thanksgiving dinner and skunks and a number of things we call chemicals.
So if Fido and I are sitting on the terrace, admiring the view, we inhabit worlds with radically different principles of phenomenology. Say that the wind is to our backs. Our world lies all before us, within a 180 degree angle. The dog’s—well, we don’t know, do we?
He sees roughly the same things that I see but he believes the scents of the garden behind us. He marks the path of the black-and white cat as she moves among the roses in search of the bits of chicken sandwich I let fall as I walked from the house to our picnic spot. I can show that Fido is alert to the kitty, but not how, for my picture-making modes of thought too easily supply falsifyingly literal representations of the cat and the garden and their modes of being hidden from or revealed to me.
1.The phrase “The other senses are largely ancillary” (Paragraph 1) is used by the author to suggest that（）.
2.The example in the last paragraph suggests that “principles of phenomenology” mentioned in Paragraph 3 can best be defined as（）.
3.The missing phrase in the incomplete sentence “The dog’s—well, we don’t know, do we?” refers to （） .
4.The example in the last paragraph is used to illustrate how（）.
问题1选项
A.only those events experienced directly can be appreciated by the senses
B.for many human beings the sense of sight is the primary means of knowing about the world
C.smell is in many respects a more powerful sense than sight
D.people rely on at least one of their other senses in order to confirm with what they see 问题2选项
A.rules one uses to determine the philosophical truth about a certain thing
B.behaviors caused by certain kinds of perception
C.ways and means of knowing about something
D.effect of single individual’s perception on what others believe
问题3选项
A.color blindness
B.perception of the world
C.concern for our perception
D.depth perception
问题4选项
A.a dog’s perception differs from a human’s
B.people fear nature but animals are part of it
C.a dog’s ways of seeing are superior to a cat’s
D.phenomenology is universal and constant
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:C
第3题:B
第4题:A
【解析】1.事实细节题。根据上文“For most humans, seeing is believing, although w e do occasionally brood about whether we can believe our eyes.”对大多数人来说，眼见为实，尽管我们偶尔会思考是否能相信自己的眼睛。然后作者紧接着提及“other senses are large ancillary”其他感官主要是辅助。由此可知，作者是主要是强调，视觉是认识世界的主要方式，选项B正确。
2.信息推理题。最后一段作者将自己和狗狗进行对比，虽然他们看到的世界是大致相同的，但狗狗还可以通过嗅觉感知周围的世界，而人类主要是依靠视觉，这说明“现象学原理”指的是一种了解某事的方式和方法。选项C正确。
3.信息推断题。根据上文“Say that the wind is to our backs. Our world lies all before us, within a 180 degree angle.”风吹到我们的背上，世界平行的呈现在我们面前。这是我们感知世界的一种方式，而狗狗同样也能以这种方式感知到世界，所以选项B符合原文。
4.信息归纳题。根据最后一段的内容可知，狗狗可以通过嗅觉标记出猫在花园中寻找食物的路径，而作者只能通过视觉来寻找。由此可知，说明狗与人感知世界的方式是不同的。选项A符合原文。
3.
单选题
He soon regained his self-confidence for he found himself （） to others in many respects. 问题1选项
A.better
B.worse
C.superior
D.inferior
【答案】C
【解析】形容词词义辨析。句意：他很快恢复了自信，因为他发现自己在许多方面都比别人优秀。根据介词to可首先排除选项A和B，根据句意可知选项C正确。
4.
单选题
Cosmic rays of various kinds come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are（）off.
问题1选项
A.avoided
B.excluded
C.separated
D.screened
【答案】D
【解析】近义词词义辨析。avoid“避免, 躲避”;excluded“排除, 驱逐”;separated“分开, 隔开”;screen “筛, 过滤, 屏蔽”。句意:来自外太空的各种宇宙射线透过大气层到达地球, 但是太阳所发出的大量辐射都被过滤掉了。选项D符合句意。
5.
单选题
It will take us twenty minutes to get to the railway station, （） traffic delays.
问题1选项
A.affording
B.accounting for
C.allowing for
D.acknowledging
【答案】C
【解析】词组辨析。afford“给予，提供，买得起”;account for“对...负有责任，对...作出解释”，allow for“考虑到，顾及”;acknowledge“承认，答谢”。句意:考虑到交通拥堵，我们到火车站还要20分钟。选项C符合句意。
6.
单选题
A luxury express train jumped the tracks on a bridge in eastern India, killing at least 50 on the spot. According to the Northern Railway spokesman, the death（）is expected to rise. 问题1选项
A.toll
B.figure
C.span
D.yield
【答案】A
【解析】名词词义辨析。toll“伤亡人数，代价”；figure“数字，图形”；span“跨度，范围”；yield“产量，收益”。句意：一辆豪华特快列车在印度东部一座桥上脱轨，造成至少50人当场死亡。据北方铁路发言人表示，死亡人数预计还会上升。death toll表示“死亡人数”，符合句意。所以选项A正确。
7.
单选题
After four years in the same job his enthusiasms finally （） .
问题1选项
A.dispersed
B.deteriorated
C.dissipated
D.drained
【答案】D
【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：干了四年同样的工作后,他的热情终于消耗殆尽了。dispersed分散的；deteriorated恶化,变质；dissipated消散,浪费；drained流干,耗尽。dissipate相当于waste，drain 相当于use too much，所以选项D更恰当。
8.
单选题
I took someone else’s book（）mistake.
问题1选项
A.in
B.for
C.with
D.by
【答案】D
【解析】固定搭配。by mistake为固定短语, 意为“错误地, 由于差错”。句意:由于差错, 我拿了别人的书。所以选项D正确。
9.
单选题
The building collapsed because its foundation was not strong enough to （） the weight of the building.
问题1选项
A.idealize
B.subside
C.initiate
D.sustain
【答案】D
【解析】动词词义辨析。idealize“理想化”;subside“平息, 减弱”;initiate“开始, 创始, 发起”;sustain“维持, 支撑, 承担”。句意:大楼倒塌了, 因为地基不够坚固, 承受不了大楼的重量。选项D符合句意。10.
单选题
Rite of Passage is a good novel by any standards: （） it should rank high on any list of science fiction.
问题1选项
A.consistently
B.consequently
C.invariably
D.fortunately
【答案】B
【解析】副词词义辨析。consistently“一致地, 一贯地”;consequently“ 因此, 所以”;invariably“总是，不变地”;fortunately“幸运地”。句意:无论以何种标准来衡量，《成人礼》都是一部优秀的小说:因此，它应该排在任何科幻小说的前列。前后构成因果关系，所以选项B正确。
11.
单选题
However important we regard school life to be, there is no gainsaying the fact that children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore, the great influence of parents cannot be ignored or discounted by the teacher. They can become strong allies of the school personnel or they can consciously or unconsciously hinder and thwart curricular objectives. Administrators have been aware of the need to keep parents apprised of the newer methods used in schools. Many principals have conducted workshops explaining such matter as the reading readiness program, manuscript writing and developmental mathematics.
Moreover, the classroom teacher, with the permission of the supervisors, can also play an important role in enlightening parents. The informal tea and many interviews carried on during the year, as well as new ways of reporting pupils’ progress, can significantly aid in achieving a harmonious interplay between school and home.
To illustrate, suppose that a father has been drilling Junior in arithmetic processes night after night. In a friendly interview, the teacher can help the parent sublimate his natural paternal interest into productive channels. He might be persuaded to let Junior participate in discussing the family budget, buying the food, using a yardstick or measuring cup at home,
setting the clock, calculating mileage on a trip and engaging in scores of other activities that have a mathematical basis.
If the father follows the advice, it is reasonable to assume that he will soon realize his son is making satisfactory progress in mathematics, and at the same time, enjoying the work. Too often, however, teachers’ conferences with parents are devoted to petty accounts of children’s misdemeanors, complaints about laziness and poor work habits, and suggestion for penalties and rewards at home.
What is needed is more creative approach in which the teacher, as a professional adviser, plants ideas in parents’ minds for the best utilization of the many hours that the child spends out of the classroom. In this way, the school and the home join forces in fostering the fullest development of youngsters’ capacities.
1.The central idea conveyed in the above passage is that（）.
2.It can reasonably be inferred that the author （） .
3.We may infer that the writer of this article does not favor （） .
问题1选项
A.home training is more important than school training because a child spends so many hours with his parents
B.teachers can and should help parents to understand and further the objectives of the school
C.there are many ways in which the mathematics program can be implemented at home
D.parents unwittingly have hindered and thwarted curricular objectives
问题2选项
A.is satisfied with present relationships between home and school
B.feels that the traditional program in mathematics is slightly superior to the developmental program
C.feels that parent-teacher interviews can be made much more constructive than they are at present
D.is of the opinion that teachers of this generation are inferior to those of the last generation
问题3选项
A.a father’s helping his son with the latter’s studies
B.written communications to the parent from the teacher
C.having the parents observe lessons which the children are being taught
D.principal-parent conferences rather than teacher-parent conferences
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:C
第3题:D
【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，第一段提出父母对孩子的影响是不容忽视的，接下来的内容主要是讨论如何帮助家长理解并且推进学校目标的关键——教师。所以选项B更能概括全文。
2.细节推理题。根据最后一段的内容，作为一名专业顾问，教师最需要的是一种创造性的方法和家长沟通，以便他们知道如何有效的利用孩子们的课外时间。由此可知，作者认为教师和家长之间的沟通可以更进一步，更具有建设性意义。选项C符合原文。
3.信息推断题。根据第三段的内容可知，老师在得到管理员允许的情况下也可以起到启发家长的重要作用，非正式的茶会和许多访谈，以及报告学生进步的新方法，都可以显著地帮助实现学校和家庭之间的和谐互动。由此可知，作者支持的是老师来进行面谈会而不是校长，所以选项D符合原文。
12.
单选题
The ancient Greeks had the notion of science as methodical knowledge, （） and universally valid.
问题1选项
https://www.360docs.net/doc/7219322624.html,pellingly certain
https://www.360docs.net/doc/7219322624.html,pel certain
https://www.360docs.net/doc/7219322624.html,plete certain
D.very sure
【答案】A
【解析】副词搭配。句意:古希腊人认为科学是一种有系统的知识，具有令人信服的确定性和普遍有效性。根据后面的“universally valid”可推测，填空处也应该为副词+形容词的搭配，所以首先排除选项B和C，compellingly与certain搭配使用, 表示“令人信服地确定”的意思。所以选项A更符合语境。
13.
单选题
The microphone makes the voice sound louder because it concentrates sound waves in one direction and keeps them from（） in all directions.
问题1选项
A.interfering
B.dispersing
C.spreading
D.distracting
【答案】B
【解析】动词词义辨析。interfere妨碍；disperse分散，散开；spread传播；distract转移，分心。句意：麦克风使声音听起来更大，因为它把声波集中在一个方向，并防止它们分散到其他各个方向。选项B符合句意。
14.
单选题
The famous inventor was awarded an （） doctorate by the university.
问题1选项A.honorable
B.honorary
C.honored
D.honorific
【答案】B
【解析】形容词词义辨析。honorable“可敬的, 光荣的”;honorary“荣誉的, 名誉的”;honored“受尊敬的”;honorific“尊敬的”。句意:那所大学授予那位著名的发明者荣誉博士学位。选项B符合句意。
15.
单选题
An important property of scientific theory is its ability to （）further research and further thinking about a particular topic.
问题1选项
A.stimulate
B.renovate
C.arouse
D.advocate
【答案】A
【解析】动词词义辨析。stimulate刺激，鼓舞；renovate革新，修复；arouse引起，唤醒；advocate 主张，拥护。句意：科学理论的一个重要特性是它能够激发对特定主题的进一步研究和思考。选项A符合句意。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第95期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟易错、难 点剖析B卷（带答案） 一.综合题(共15题) 1. 单选题 Green plants or other photosynthesizing organisms use light energy from the sun to manufacture carbohydrates for their own needs. Most of this chemical energy is processed in metabolism and dissipated as heat in respiration. 问题1选项 A.emerged B.converted C.evolved D.consumed 【答案】D 【解析】【选项释义】 A. emerged （从隐蔽处或暗处）出现，浮现 B. converted （使）转变，转换 C. evolved （使）逐渐形成，逐步发展 D. consumed 消耗，耗费（燃料、能量、时间等） 【答案】D 【考查点】动词辨析。 【解题思路】dissipated的意思为“（使）消散，消失”，指的是大部分能量在呼吸过程中散失，结合语境，consumed与之词义相近，因此D选项正确。 【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项词义与之不符。 【句意】绿色植物或其他进行光合作用的生物利用来自太阳的光能制造碳水化合物来满足自己的需要。大部分化学能量在新陈代谢过程中被处理，在呼吸过程中以热的形式消散。 2. 单选题 As we passed over the dark bridge her wan face fell lazily against my coat’s shoulder. 问题1选项A.charming B.cheerful C.pale D.uneasy 【答案】C 【解析】【选项释义】 A. charming 令人着迷的，迷人的 B. cheerful 快乐的，高兴的 C. pale 灰白的，苍白的 D. uneasy 担心的，忧虑的 【答案】C 【考查点】形容词辨析。 【解题思路】wan的意思为“苍白无力的，无血色的”，这里形容她脸色苍白，pale与之词义相近，因此C选项正确。 【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项词义与之不符。 【句意】当我们走过漆黑的桥时，她苍白的脸懒洋洋地贴在我的外套上。 3. 翻译题 Still, the idea of animals feeling emotions remains controversial among many scientists. Researchers’ skepticism is fueled in part by their professional aversion to anthropomorphism (动物人格化), the very nonscientific tendency to attribute human qualities to nonhumans. Many scientists also say that it is impossible to prove animals have emotions using standard scientific methods—repeatable observations that can be manipulated in controlled experiments—leading them to conclude that such feelings must not exist. Today, however, amid mounting evidence to the contrary, “the tide is turning radically and rapidly,” says Bekoff, who is at the forefront of this movement. Even the most harsh skeptics of animal passion agree that many creatures experience fear—which some scientists define as a “primary” emotion that contrasts with “secondary” emotions such as love and grief. Unlike these more complex feelings, fear is instinctive and requires no conscious thought. But beyond such instinctive emotions and their predictable behavioral responses, the possibility of more complex animal feelings—those that entail mental processing—is difficult to demonstrate, because feelings are intangible, and so tough to study scientifically. The new case for animal emotions comes in part from the growing acceptability of field observations, particularly when they are taken in aggregate. The latest contribution to this body of knowledge is a new book. The Smile of a Dolphin, which presents personal reports from
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国传媒大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：40
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国传媒大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖 析AB卷（带答案） 一.综合题(共15题) 1. 单选题 When he was only 10 meters away from the finishing line, the African runner suddenly（）passing by the other runners. 问题1选项 A.attempted B.approached C.accelerated D.accessed 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。attempt “企图，试图”；approach “走进；临近；处理”；accelerate “加速”；access “接近，使用”。句意：当他离终点只有10米远的时候，这位非洲跑步者加速超过了其他人。选项C符合题意。 2. 单选题 Our neighbors hang their children's framed diplomas in （）places on the wall of the setting room. 问题1选项 A.brilliant B.respective C.conspicuous D.remarkable 【答案】C 【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项brilliant表示“绝妙的；杰出的；聪颖的；明亮的”，B选项respective 表示“分别的，各自的”，C选项conspicuous表示“显著的，显而易见的”，D选项remarkable表示“非凡的；卓越的；值得注意的”。由句意可知，我们邻居把他们孩子的文凭框挂在客厅墙上显眼的地方。因此，C选项conspicuous符合语境，故本题正确答案为C选项。 3. 单选题 Students with（）problems may apply for student loans. 问题1选项 A.economic B.financial C.nabobery D.economical 【答案】B 【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项economic “经济上的”。B选项financial “财政的”。C选项nabobery “财主常去的地方”。D选项economical“节约的，合算的”。句意：有财务问题的学生可以申请学生贷款。因此B选项符合题意。 4. 单选题 The train was whirling onward with such dignity of motion that a glance from the window seemed simply to prove that plains of Texas were pouring eastward. Vast flats of green grass, dull-hued spaces of mesquite and cactus, little groups of frame houses, woods of light and tender trees, all were sweeping into the east, sweeping over the horizon, a precipice.
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第69期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国社会科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点 剖析B卷（带答案） 一.综合题(共15题) 1. 单选题 Terrorism proves to be a more serious problem than anticipated, and it challenges both policymakers burdened with the design of countermeasures and social scientists who are called upon to explain it Terrorism’s unique nature is revealed by two phenomena. First, public perception of threat and danger seems to be disproportionate to terrorists’actual capabilities. Second, terrorism, more than any other form of warfare, has an impact on a target group immensely larger than that of the immediate victims and often on populations beyond that terrorism bears primarily on individuals’ perceptions, on the “public mind”; in other words, it is a form of psychological warfare. The psychological impacts of political terrorism are potentially manifest in individuals’ emotional and attitudinal responses. In the realm of emotions, the fear and concern for personal safety, which terror tactics might give rise to, is a revealing indicator of their effectiveness. One could argue, of course, that terrorists’ability to sow wides pread fear hardly needs proof as it is obvious that violence and particularly the terrorists’hallmark, randomly targeted violence, are anxiety inducing. It should be noted, however, that terrorism has claimed relatively few casualties to date, and that in most countries the actual probability of incurring harm from terroristic activity is only a fraction of, say, the risk of death or injury in vehicle accidents or common crimes. Hence, the power of terrorism to intimidate should not be taken for granted. In timidation and the induction of fear are not the ends of terrorists’activity but rather means to effect political change. Their violence is predicated on two assumptions: (a) Violent action can force the causes pursued by terrorists into the forefront of an indifferent public’s awareness; (b) faced with the choice between continuing violence and acceptance of the terrorists’demands, the public might opt for the latter. Thus, the attitudes that the targets of political terrorism develop toward its perpetrators, their objectives, and the actions that ought to be undertaken visrd-vis them constitute telling measures of the effectiveness of terrorism. The present investigation sought to assess the psychological reactions of a public which has been exposed for a considerable length of time to the threats and actions of terrorist. Regarding emotional impacts, the data suggest that terrorism’s ability to intimidate, to induce worry and concern, disproportionally exceeds the actual damage it causes. According to the data gathered, the actual probability of being victimized by terrorist activity was extremely low; estimated at less than 1/20 of the likelihood of being hurt in a road accident. Yet a large majority of the respondents expressed worry about the risk of personally incurring the consequences of terrorism. It might be uncontrollability dramatically enhance its impact. Thus, while the risk of vehicle driving might be far greater than the danger of terrorism, the car driver is usually reassured by a subjective feeling of control which the potential victim of terrorism lacks. The survey results indicate that terrorism has failed to produce the change in attitudes sought by its perpetrators. Most respondents favored, instead, the reliance on extreme counterterrorist measures. The hardening of Israelis attitudes toward terrorists and their objectives was also revealed by the respondents’unanimity of opinion. Taken together, the data concerning the emotional impact of terrorism and its effects on attitudes did not bear out the rationale which governs terroristic action. Despite the widespread concern and worry revealed by these data, there was no evidence of any willingness to politically concede to terrorists. On the contrary, and as already noted, the majority advocated the adoption of harsh measures against terrorists. Thus, at least insofar as Palestinian terrorism and the Israeli public are concerned, proves to be counterproductive. 1.According to the author, which of the following is true about terrorism? 2.The author states that injury or death is more likely to be sustained from automobile accidents than by terrorism, and from this we can conclude that（）. 3.According to the author, fear of terrorism is intensified by （）. 4.The author compares public perception of the threat of terrorism to the risk of vehicle injury or death in order to （）. 5.Which of the following best summarizes the author’s conclusions? 问题1选项 A.Public fear is inversely affected by terrorists’ capacity for destruction. B.Resolving the problem of terrorism requires cooperation between governments and terrorists. C.Terrorism incites fear in populations besides that targeted and on a greater scale. D.Terrorism is an inevitability and must be eradicated. 问题2选项 A.terrorism is irrelevant and more time and effort should be allotted to other social demands B.the efficacy of terrorism can be witnessed by the emotional response of the public C.anxiety resulting from terrorism should be clinically treated D.the psychological effects of terrorism are inferior to that of vehicle accidents
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：83
2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析 AB卷（带答案） 一.综合题(共15题) 1. 单选题 Jane buys all the fashion magazines, and she always tries to dress in（）with the latest style. 问题1选项 A.confirmation B.conformity C.variation D.proposal 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项confirmation“确认，证实”；B选项conformity“遵守，符合，一致”；C选项variation“变化”；D选项proposal“提议，建议，求婚”。句意：简买了所有的时尚杂志，她总是试图与最新的风格一样。本句表示，Jane喜欢时尚，总是紧跟时代潮流，那她穿的衣服应该是跟最新款式风格一致的，in conformity with“与……一致，符合……”，B选项conformity“遵守，符合，一致”意思正确。因此B选项符合题意。 2. 填空题 Your Smartphone May Be Hurting Your SleepA) You love your smartphone, but it may be ruining your ZZZ’s. Use of these devices, especially near bedtime, is associated with worse quality of sleep, according to a new study. “When we looked at smartphone use around t he time when participants reported they went to bed, more smartphone use around that time in particular was associated with a longer time to fall asleep and worse sleep quality during the night,” said Dr. Gregory Marcus, author of the study and an associate professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco. His research was published Wednesday in the journal PLOS One. B) The word “crack-berry” became popular roughly a decade ago to describe the addictive quality of BlackBerry devices—arguably the first really successful smartphones. Today, almost everyone is a smartphone junkie, standing with head bowed while waiting for a train or in line at the post office. C) Knowing that smartphone use has increased together with sleep deprivation rates, Marcus and his colleagues decided to investigate whether the two might be related. To answer this question, he used exiting information collected by an Internet-based study he started in March 2016. D) “Health E-Heart,” which was funded by the Nation al Institutes of Health is designed to study cardiovascular health. Anyone 18 years of age or older can enroll in Health E-Heart, co-founded by Drs. Mark Pletcher and Jeffrey Olgin, professors at UCSF. After signing a consent form, enrolled participants self-report their health data via a series of online questionnaires. The information is gathered, analyzed and used to research and develop strategies to prevent and treat all aspects of heart disease. E) About 80,000 participants have enrolled in Health E-Heart, Marcus said. “We’ve had people from every state in the US, lots of people from every state, and we actually have people from 50 countries.” Marcus and his co-founders also make the data available to other scientists conducting unrelated studies. For the new smartphone study, Marcus made use of this wealth of information to conduct his own “sub-study”. F) Of the total Health E-Heart enrollees, 653 people chose to participate in and complete the new smartphone-sleep study. Participants installed an app on their phones to automatically record the total number of minutes in each hour the screen was turned on (total screen time) during a 30-day period. These participants had already reported their sleep hours and sleep quality using a validated questionnaire as part of the general Health E-Heart experience, Marcus explained. So, when answering the sleep assessment questions, participants also entered demographic data plus information about their alcohol use, physical activity, smoking habits and other health issues. By answering so many questions, participants were unaware of what the researchers were studying, explained Marcus: “We wouldn’t expect any bias.” G) Analyzing the data, the researchers discovered that, on average, participants used their smartphones for a total of 38.4 hours over a 30-day period. Individuals with a longer average screen time were more likely to have poorer sleep quality and less sleep overall: About 35% of those who used their smartphones for shorter amounts of time than average had sleep difficulties, compared with 42% of those with average or greater than average use. And poor quality sleep was more likely for participants who used their smartphones near bedtime. H) The researchers discovered that screen-time varies throughout a 24-hour period, but most occurs during the day. Yet for some participants, smartphone use peaked during the night. “We can’t exclude the possibility that some people can’t sleep for some completely unrelated reason, and because they can’t sleep, they’re using their smartphone, just to pass the time,” Marcus said.
2022年考研考博-考博英语-浙江大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第42期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-浙江大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B 卷（带答案） 一.综合题(共15题) 1. 单选题 A friendship may be（）, casual, situational or deep and lasting. 问题1选项 A.identical B.superficial C.critical D.original 【答案】B 【解析】形容词词义辨析。identical同一的，完全相同的；superficial表面的，肤浅的；critical批判的，爱挑剔的；original原始的，最初的。句意：友谊可以是、随意的、情境性的，也可以是深刻而持久的。根据句意可知填空处的词应与deep 和 lasting 意义相反，且与 casual 和 situational 意义相似，选项B符合语境。 2. 单选题 Since 1970, when Sultan Qaboos came to power and launched Om an’s development, poverty has been largely ( ) and modern medical care has been provided throughout the country. 问题1选项 A.eliminated B.illuminated C.limited D.increased 【答案】A 【解析】eliminated消除，淘汰；illuminated启发。句意：自1970年苏丹卡布斯掌权并开始阿曼的发展以来，贫困已基本消除，全国各地都提供了现代医疗服务。选项A符合句意。 3. 单选题 Everyone experiences fear during major crisis — such as fires, automobile accidents, etc. Some people even feel very nervous when they fly in airplanes. No matter how hard they try, they cannot lower their anxiety. Some of them enjoy talking about their fears while others resent being asked to discuss their personal feelings. Many are aware that they feel anxious but only a few are conscious of the way they express their tension. Some people try to hide their nervousness: they try to disguise their anxiety by telling jokes. Others become loud and aggressive, attacking people by making them the butt of cruel jokes. Sometimes making someone else the target of jokes is an attempt to control one’s own fears —to master anxiety. A number of factors can be mentioned as important in explaining why some people have a fear of flying: early childhood experiences, general sense of security, fear of heights, trust in others, percentage of alcohol in blood, etc. The memory of a bad experience can sometimes trigger the same fear caused by that experience. Thus, a child might be frightened by the sight of a dog even though he is safe, merely because he once had a bad experience with a dog. A bad experience can be the cue that triggers our fears. But the crucial factor seems to be a feeling of no control. Usually we are able to suppress our feelings so that they do not affect our behavior. But sometimes the tension produced by our fears is so great that we cannot suppress it. At such time we need to discharge the tension by laughing or crying. By smiling foolishly and talking loudly, we are able to repress the rising feeling of fear so that it does not affect the way we behave. Because it is necessary to recognize a problem before it can be solved, admitting that we are afraid is an integral part of the process of mastering our fears. 1.To make someone the butt of jokes means（）. 2.What is the positive purpose of people’s telling jokes? 3.To master anxiety means（） 4.According to the author, which of the following is the most important factor triggering the feeling fear? 5.According to the concluding paragraph, what is essential to go through the process of mastering one’s fears?
2022年考研考博-考博英语-通用考博英语考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：100
2022年考研考博-考博英语-通用考博英语考试全真模拟易错、难点剖 析AB卷（带答案） 一.综合题(共15题) 1. 单选题 Youngsters who drink and smoke, and are often absent from school are far more likely to be （） from school. 问题1选项 A.induced B.disobeyed C.expelled D.forbidden 【答案】C 【解析】动词词义辨析。选项A, B, D都不能与介词from搭配应用。be expelled from school意为被学校开除, 符合句意。句意：酗酒、吸烟、经常旷课的青少年更有可能被学校开除。 2. 单选题 At the press conference, the Prime Minister（）the government’s refusal to compromise with terrorists. 问题1选项 A.rectified B.recited C.rekindled D.reiterated 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词辨析。rectify“调整，矫正”；recite “背诵，叙述”；rekindle “复燃”；reiterate “重申，重复”。句意：在记者招待会上，首相重申了政府拒绝向恐怖分子妥协这一申明。选项D符合题意。 3. 单选题 Why be（）about that old coat? There’s no point in keeping it just because you were wearing it when you first met me. 问题1选项 A.sensitive B.sensible C.sentimental D.sensational 【答案】C 【解析】be sentimental about sth.为固定搭配，意为“对....很伤感”。 4. 单选题 The aim of the president’s speech was to convince still reluctant countries of the great necessity of imposing sanctions against the countries that（）terrorists. 问题1选项 A.kidnapped
2022年考研考博-考博英语-全国医学统考考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第48期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-全国医学统考考试全真模拟易错、难点剖 析B卷（带答案） 一.综合题(共15题) 1. 单选题 Virtually, every cell in the body contains its own circadian clock machinery. 问题1选项 A.Practically B.Naturally C.Superficially D.Thoroughly 【答案】A 【解析】【选项释义】 A. practically 实际上地 B. naturally 自然而然地 C. superficially 表面上地 D. thoroughly 彻底地；完全地 【答案】A 【考查点】副词辨析。 【解题思路】根据句意：实际上，身体里的每个细胞都包含自己的生物钟机制。可知划线单词Virtually 在本句当中表达“实际上”，因此该题选A。 【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均不符合句意。 【句意】实际上，身体里的每个细胞都包含自己的生物钟机制。 2. 单选题 9. 问题1选项 A.To go shopping. B.To go back to work. C.To change their topic. D.To entertain their guests. 【答案】C 【解析】W: Here, you two guy, you are fucking shot again. It’s not very entertaining or wise. M: Yes, thanks for advising us. It’s time to enjoy life. Q: What might the men do accordingly? 【解析】对话中女士说：you are fucking shot again，意思是并没有那么有意思。因此男士可能会“改变话题”从而“享受生活”。 3. 单选题 9. 问题1选项 A.She is an odd character. B.She is very pick. C.She is very easy-going. D.She lies fashion. 【答案】A 【解析】M: There is one girl at my school whom everybody picks on. W: Why? M: Because she doesn’t wear what everybody else wears. Q: What can be inferred about the girl in question? 【解析】推断题。男士说：Because she doesn’t wear what everybody else wears（她的穿着从来都是与众不同），由此推断她的个性与常人迥异。