口笔译速记符号

口笔译速记符号
口笔译速记符号

口译笔记速记符号

1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:

Abbreviations in Note taking

Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.

Symbols helpful in math ——these are commonly used in texts and references.

S = sum

f = frequency

Leave out periods in standard abbreviations.

cf = compare

e.g. = example

dept = department

Use only the first syllable of a word.

pol = politics

dem = democracy

lib = liberal

cap = capitalism

Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.

pres = presentation

subj = subject

ind = individual

cons = conservative

Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.

assoc = associate

biol = biology

info = information

ach = achievement

chem = chemistry

max = maximum

intro = introduction

conc = concentration

min = minimum

rep = repetition

Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.

ppd = prepared

prblm = problem

estmt = estimate

bkgd = background

gvt = government

Use an apostrophe in place of letters.

am't = amount

cont'd = continued

gov't = government

educat'l = educational

Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.

chpts = chapters

egs = examples

fs = frequencies

intros = introductions

Use g to represent ing endings.

ckg = checking

estg = establishing

decrg = decreasing

exptg = experimenting

Spell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.

Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.

Leave out unimportant words.

Leave out the words a and the.

If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.

Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.

& = and

w/ = with

w/o = without

vs = against

\ = therefore

= = is or equal

Use technical symbols where applicable.

zb = German, for example

ibid = Latin, the same work

o = degrees

H2O = water

More reference:

Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:

+ plus

// parallel

Use standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:

eg example

IT dept Information Technology department

UK United Kingdom

Use only the first syllable of a word. Examples:

mar marketing

cus customer

cli client

Use the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:

subj subject

budg budget

ind individual

To distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:

tech'gy technology

gen'ion generalisation

del'y delivery

Use just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:

assoc associated

ach achievement

info information

Omit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples: bkgd background

mvmt movement

prblm problem

Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples: custs customers

fs frequencies

/s ratios

Use 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:

decrg decreasing

ckg checking

estblg establishing

Spell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:

in

but

as

key

Leave out unimportant verbs. Examples:

is

was

were

Leave out unnecessary articles. Examples:

a

an

the

If a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:

January Advertising Campaign Budget JACB

Use symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:

@ at

2 to

4 for

& and

w/ with

w/o without

vs against

Create your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate

sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.

Other Symbols and Abbreviations

as a result of / consequences of <——>

resulting in ——>

and / also +

equal to / same as =

following ff

most importantly *

less than <

greater than > especially esp/

一、缩略词

英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高,如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible.很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词,会对考试大有裨益。

缩略词的写法一般为四种方式:

F拿掉所有元音

MKT: market

MGR: manager

MSG: message

STD: standard

RCV: receive

F保留前几个字母

INFO information

INS insurance

EXCH exchange

I owe you IOU

In stead of I/O

F保留开头和结尾个发音字母

WK week

RM room

PL people

F根据发音

R are

THO though

THRU through

高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表

缩略词原词

APT Apartment

ACC Accountant

ACDG According

ACPT Accept AD Advertisement

ADS Address

ADV Advice

AMAP As much/many as possible AMT Amount

APV Approve

ASAP As soon as possible

BAL Balance

BLDG Building

CERT Certificate

CFM Conform

CNCL Cancel

CNF Conference

CMI Commission

CMP Complete

CMPE Compete/competitive

CMU Communication

CONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND Condition

CO. Company

DEPT Department

DISC Discount

DPT Departure

EXCH Exchange

EXPLN Explain

EXT Extent

FLT Flight

FNT Final

FRT Freight

FYR For your reference

GD Good

GUAR Guarantee

H.O. Home office

INFO Information

IMPS Impossible

IMP(T)Important

INCD Include

INDIV Individual

INS Insurance

INTST Interested

I/O In stead of

IOU I owe you

IVO In view of

MANUF Manufacture

MDL Model

MEMO Memorandum MGR Manger

MIN Minimum

MKT Market

MSG Message

NCRY Necessary

NLT No later than OBS Observe

OBT Obtain

ORD Ordinary

PAT Patent

PC Piece

PKG Packing

PL People

PLS Please

POSN Position

POSS(BL)Possible PROD Product

QLTY Quality

QUTY Quantity

RCV Receive

REF Reference REGL Regular

REP Representative RESN Reservation RPT Repeat RESPON Responsible SEC Section

SITN Situation

STD Standard

TEL Telephone TEMP Temporary TGM Telegraph

THO Though

TKS Thanks

TRD Trade

TRF Traffic

TTL Total

U You

UR Your

WK Week

WL Will

WT Weight

XL Extra larg

二、字母、图像

Z 表示"人"people/person,因为"Z"看上去像个人头,它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。例如:日本人:JZ.

C 表示政府,统治:government,govern 希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, https://www.360docs.net/doc/724762456.html,ernmental official 可以表示为CZ

P 表示政治:politics, political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political.那么politician就可以表示为PZ

E 表示总数:total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数学符号表示总值。

G 表示效率:efficient, effective.G为效率符号。

Q 表示"通货膨胀":inflation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。

A 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture经常用到,所以用首字母代替。

B 表示商业:business.

C×表示冲突,矛盾:conflict,confrontation "C×"中的"×"表示反对,字母"C"将反对的概念缩小为conflict 和confrontation. W 表示工作,职业: work, employ 等。它是work 的第一个字母。所以WZ就可以用来表示worker, 而W(Z在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee)。

i 表示工业: industry, industrial 字母i 像只烟囱,所以用来可以用来表示工业。

U U 看酷似一个酒杯,在笔记中表示合同、协议(treaty, agreement)一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示"举杯祝贺".如果在U内填入2××××,就可以表示为bilateral (双边的), 填入3表示为trilateral(三边的)。填入在U中填入1表示: Unilateralism(单

边主义),填入m (multiple)表示多边主义。如果在U上加一个"/"××××表示谈判破裂。

O 表示"国家"、"民族"、"领土"等:country, state, nation, etc.gO表示进口,Og表示出口这个符号酷似一把椅子,可以表示主持、主办:chair, host, preside over.那么在此符号上加Z表示主席,主持人:chairman, host, etc.

T 表示"领导人":leader, head那么head of government, head of company 便可以表示为CT

⊙圆圈表示一个圆桌,中间一点表示一盆花,这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等:meeting,conference,negotiation,seminar,discussion,symposium

k 这个符号看上像条鱼,所以表示"捕鱼业"等合fishery 有关的词汇。

O 圆圈代表地球,横线表示赤道,所以这个符号就可以表示国际的、世界的、全球的等: international, worldwide, global, universal, etc.

J 表示开心:pleasant, joyful,happy,excited, etc.

L 表示不满、生气unsatisfied, discomfort, angry, sad, etc.

EO 表示听到、总所周之:as we all know, as is known to all, as you have already heard of, etc.

O 表示漠不关心、无动于衷:indifferent, apathetic, unconcern, don’t care much, etc.

三、箭头

g 表示到达、传达:go into,arrive at,give to,send to,present to etc.

表示导致、引导:lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.

表示屈服:submit to

f 表示来自于:be/come from,return,receive from, etc.

表示追溯到:come/go back to,originate

h 表示上升:up/upward/rise,increase,arise,ascend, etc.

表示发射、投放市场、发行:launch,open, start, etc.

表示发展、加强、推进:develop,strengthen,promote, etc

表示"波折":ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.

四、数学符号

+ 表示"多": many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.

++(+2)表示"多"的比较级:more

+3 表示"多"的最高级:most

-表示"少": little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.

×表示"错误"、"失误"和"坏"的概念:wrong/incorrect,something bad,notorious,negative, etc.

> 表示"多于"概念:bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.

表示"高" 概念:superior to,surpass, etc.

< 表示"少于"概念:less/smaller,etc.

表示"低"概念:inferior to,etc.

= 表示"同等"概念:means,that is to say,in other words,the same as,be equal to, etc.

表示"对手"概念:a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.

()表示"在……之间":among, within, etc.

≠表示"不同"概念:be different from, etc.

表示"无敌"概念:matchless, peerless, etc.

~表示"大约"概念:about/around,or so,approximately, etc.

/ 表示"否定","消除"等概念:cross out, eliminate, etc.

五、标点等

: 表示各种各样"说"的动词:say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.

? 表示"问题":question,issue,例如:台湾问题:tw?

. (dot)这个"."点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样".d"表示yesterday, ".y"表示last year, ".2m"表示two month ago."y"表示this year, "y2." two year later"next week", 可以表示为"wk."

∧表示转折

√表示"好的"状态,right/good,famous/well-known,etc.

表示"同意"状态,stand up for,support,agree with sb, certain/ affirmative, etc.

☆表示"重要的"状态:important,exemplary(模范的)best,outstanding,brilliant,etc.

n 表示"交流"状态:exchange,mutual, etc.

& 表示"和","与":and,together with,along with,accompany,along with,further more,etc.

∥表示"结束":end,stop,halt,bring sth to a standstill/stop, etc.

六、较长单词的处理办法

-ism 简写为m 例如:socialism Sm

-tion 简简写为n 例如:standardization (标准化)stdn

-cian 简简写为o 例如:technician techo

-ing 简写为g 例如:marketing (市场营销)MKTg

-ed 简写为 d 例如:accepted acptd

-able/ible/ble 简写为bl 例如:available avbl

-ment 简写为mt 例如:amendment amdmt

-ize 简写为z 例如:recognize regz

-ful 简写为fl 例如:meaningful mnfl

大于>

小于<

小于或等于?

大于或等于?

等于、意味着=

不等于≠

约等于≈

遗憾、悲哀;

高兴、荣兴(

错误、否、不、否定×正确、对、好、肯定√不同意N

同意Y

上升、增加↑

下降、减少↓

强、好+

更强、更好++弱、差-

更弱、更差――因为∵

所以∴

优秀★

属于?

胜利V

问题、疑问?和、与&

结论是=>

促进、发展↗

国家□

国与国□/□

原因←

导致、结果→

对立、冲突>< 波折<<

会议、会面⊙

进入∩

接触、交往∞

分歧⊥

非常、十分重要** 坚持≡

关键!

奇观!

有关@

替换为∽

但是‖

与……比较而言∥空洞○

代表△

口译笔记速记符号归总(二)

口译笔记速记符号归总(二)

一、缩略词 英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高,如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible.很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词,会对考试大有裨益。 缩略词的写法一般为四种方式: F拿掉所有元音 MKT: market MGR: manager MSG: message STD: standard RCV: receive F保留前几个字母 INFO information INS insurance EXCH exchange I owe you IOU In stead of I/O F保留开头和结尾个发音字母 WK week RM room PL people F根据发音 R are THO though THRU through 高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表 缩略词原词 APT Apartment ACC Accountant ACDG According ACPT Accept AD Advertisement ADS Address ADV Advice AMAP As much/many as possible AMT Amount APV Approve

ASAP As soon as possible BAL Balance BLDG Building CERT Certificate CFM Conform CNCL Cancel CNF Conference CMI Commission CMP Complete CMPE Compete/competitive CMU Communication CONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND Condition CO. Company DEPT Department DISC Discount DPT Departure EXCH Exchange EXPLN Explain EXT Extent FLT Flight FNT Final FRT Freight FYR For your reference GD Good GUAR Guarantee H.O. Home office INFO Information IMPS Impossible IMP(T) Important INCD Include INDIV Individual INS Insurance INTST Interested I/O In stead of IOU I owe you

口译笔记速记符号归总

口译笔记速记符号归总 一、做口译笔记时的注意事项 1.口译笔记应记要点,切忌求记“全”。口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充,不应也不必取代记忆。口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系(如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等),笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。 2.口译笔记求快求精,但不可潦草。 3.口译笔记可使用来源语,也可使用目标语,也可以双语兼用。只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性,不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。例如,“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。 4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语,例如:cf(compare),Co(company),eg(for example),etc(and so on),esp(especially),ie(that is),max(maximum),min(minimum),ref(reference),std(standard),usu(usually),等。 二、常用速记符号 速记是一项特殊的技巧,速记语言是由一套完整的符号组成的体系。在口译实践中逐步掌握一些简单的速记符号是有益的。 口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进行记录的能力。记录分为“脑记”和“笔记”两种。 人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分组成。顾名思义,短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆,长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多,其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意义性。即便是当感知的信息有意义时,人的短时记忆只可容纳由二十多个单词组成的句子,或者一组十位数的数字。因此,对于口译工作者来说,完全依赖人脑的记忆能力是危险的,记笔记便显得十分重要。 in Note taking Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sum f = frequency Leave out periods in standard abbreviations. cf = compare e.g. = example dept = department Use only the first syllable of a word. pol = politics

常用仪表图标、符号

第二章常用图例符号 第一节常用仪表、控制图形符号 根据国家行业标准HG20505-92《过程检测和控制系统用文字代号和图形符号》,参照 GB-2625-81 国家标准,化工自控常用图形文字代号如下。 一、图形符号 1.测量点 测量点(包括检出元件)是由过程设备或管道符号 引到仪表圆圈的连接引线的起点,一般无特定的图形符] 号,如图1-2-1(a)所示。 若测量点位于设备中,当有必要标出测量点在过程 设备中的位置时,可在引线的起点加一个直径为2mm的 小圆符号或加虚线,如图1-2-1(b)所示。必要时, 检出元件或检出仪表可以用用1-2-2所列的图形符号 表示。 2.连接线图形符号 仪表圆圈与过程测量点的连接引线,通用的仪表 信号线和能源线的符号是细实线。当有必要标注能源 类别时,可采用相应的缩写标注在能源线符号之上。例如AS-0.14为0.14MPa的空气源,ES-24DC为24V的直流电源。 当通用的仪表信号线为细实线可能造成混淆时,通用信号线符号可在细实线上加斜短划线(斜短划线与细实线成45o角) 仪表连接线图形符号见表1-2-1。

3.仪表图形符号 仪表图形符号地直径为12mm (或10mm )的细实线圆圈。仪表位号的字母或阿拉伯数字较多,圆圈不能容纳时,可以断开。如图1-2-2(a)所示。处理两个或多个变量,或处理一个变量但有多个功能的复式仪表,可用相切的仪表圆圈表示,如图1-2-2(b )所示。当两个测量点引到一台复式仪表上,而两个测量点在图纸上距离较远或不在同一张图纸上,则分别用两个相切的实线圆圈和虚线圆圈表示,见图1-2-2(c )所示。 图1-2-2仪表图形符号 分散控制系统(又称集散控制系统)仪表图形符号是直 径为12mm(或10mm)的细实线圆圈,外加与圆圈相切的细实 线方框,如图1-2-3(a)所示。作为分散控制系统一个部件 的计算机可编程序逻辑控制器功能图形符号如图1-2-3(c ) 所示,外四方形边长为12mm (或10mm )。 其他仪表功功能图形符号见表1-2-2。 4.表示仪表安装位置图形符号 表示仪表安装位置的图形符号见表1-2-3所示。 (b ) (a ) 测量点A 测量点B (c ) (a) (b) (c) 图1-2-3分散控制系统仪表图形符号

上海中级口译笔记符号

o表示“人”people/person,因为“o”看上去像个人头,它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。例如:日本人:Jo。 ⅹ表示政府,统治:government,govern;governmental official 可以表示为ⅹo。 ⊙:“通货膨胀”(inflation)因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。 A:农业: agriculture. agriculture经常用到,所以用首字母代替。 B:商业:business。 C×:冲突,矛盾(conflict,confrontation) W:工作,职业(work, employ )。 ??Worker employer employee employment i:工业(industry, industrial) 字母i 像只烟囱,所以用来可以用来表示工业。 □:“国家”、“民族”、“领土”(country, state, nation) →□表示进口,□→表示出口;□/□国家之间,国与国 椅子:主持、主办:chair, host, preside over。 ??chairman, host, president U:合同、协议类 (treaty, agreement, contract) 在U中填入1表示: Unilateralism(单边主义) 在U内填入2,就可以表示为bilateral(双边的), 填入3表示为trilateral (三边的)。 填入m (multiple) 表示多边主义。 如果在U上加一个“/”表示谈判破裂。 ︿表示“领导人”:leader, head ??head of government, head of company V 表示victory,success 成功等 ⊙:会议、开会等(meeting,conference,negotiation,seminar,discussion,symposium)

速记符号

英语口译听力速记技巧 一、英语笔记法的适用前提——听力过关(五大支柱),听懂是做笔记的前提条件,如果听都没有听懂,又怎么可能去记?再好地记录能力都不可能创造信息本身。 二、为什么记笔记(提示难点,突出逻辑),记什么(时态关联词数字等),怎么记(尽量用目标语言加符号) 三、做口译笔记时的注意事项 1.口译笔记应记要点,切忌求记“全”。口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充,不应也不必取代记忆。口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系(如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等),笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。 2.口译笔记求快求精,但不可潦草。 3.口译笔记可使用来源语,也可使用目标语,也可以双语兼用。只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性,不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。例如,“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。 4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语,例如:cf(compare), Co(company), eg(for example), etc(and so on), esp(especially), ie(that is), max(maximum), min(minimum), ref(reference), std(standard), usu(usually)等。 听力笔记的一些技巧:(适用口译笔记) 1、不要大量记录文字(汉字、单词) ——而要使用符号来表示意思(缩写、图形) Eg:“powerful country”记作“强口”, “我同意”记作“I√ ”; “观点,看法一致”记作“⊙ same”, “economic development”记作“经↑” ↑表示“上升、快速上升、快速发展、快速上涨等” ↓表示“下降、减少、急剧下降、急速下跌等”; ↗表示“缓慢上升,缓慢发展、缓慢上涨等”; ←表示“返回,倒退等”; →表示“达到,至,导致,前进等”; +表示“加,增加,此外,另外,又加之”; —表示“减少,减”; >表示“多于,大于,强于”; <表示“少于,小于,不如”; ∵表示“因为,由于”; ∴表示“所以,因此”; =表示“等于,相同,与……相同”。 t表示thousand;

口译考试速记技巧

口译考试速记技巧 口译考试之所以难,在于其长度和规定的限时。估计很多参加过第二部分口译考试的考生都有这样的经历,听的时候大意可以听懂,但是由于听时未作任何速记,关键词汇,逻辑关系在听后无法正确归纳,导致最后只能译出第一句或最后一句,而中间部分则完全忽略或遗忘。而这样的话是不可能通过口译考试的。因此,自己在平时以及考前练习时一定要把速记归入计划之内。 口译笔记注意事项 1.口译笔记切记应该记住关键信息要点,切忌求“全”。由于口译笔记是在短时间内以较快的速度记出,难免在信息的完整性上有所遗漏,因此就要求在笔记信息的“取舍”上有清醒的认识。即要舍弃相对和主题关连性不大或者相对次要的信息,同时要保留重要信息,即我们通常所说的四类核心词,名词,动词,副词和形容词。名词决定主语,宾语或者表语,动词决定全句的核心意思,副词决定时间,地点,方式及逻辑关系,而形容词决定核心名词的本质,特性等。总的来说,一个句子的关键信息也就是“实意词”,即决定整个句子最关键的信息。比如: I regard it as my great honor to intruduce Mr Johnson, Doctor of Economics in the University of Sydney, who is delivering a speech on the topic of Chinese Economy in the 21s t Century and its influence on global economy. 速记信息为: Honor, introduce Johnson, Doctor Economic Sydney University, speech, Chinese Economy,21 century, its influence, global economy 速记符号为: ⊕ intr johnson Dr E sydney U : □C E 21c influ□w E ⊕代表高兴,荣幸 Intr 为缩略语,代表introduce Dr 代表博士 E 代表经济 U 代表大学 :表示发言,说,演讲 下划线代表关于,就……而言 □代表国家,范围,领域等,后面加C 表示中国

口译笔记常用符号

4.3.2 口译笔记常用符号 在学会了对原语进行逻辑和思维路线再现之后,用适当的符号替换逻辑或者思维再现图中的部分文字,实际上就是口译笔记了,当然在真实的口译实践中,笔记还可以更进一步地简化。相当多的口译初学者觉得口译员使用的符号很神秘,看起来像天书一样,进而“神话”口译员的工作。其实口译员使用的符号主要来自于原语、译入语,小部分借用了速记符号。现在我们看看口译员常用的符号来源: 4.3.2.1 汉字、汉字偏旁部首、古汉语、简化汉字、拼音 大university, adult, generous, open-minded, large-size… 中middle school, medium-sized, intermediate, in the middle of, neutral,… 小primary (elementary), kid, children, mean, petty,… 凝聚ningju或者nju 饕餮taotie或者ttie “戈”可以用来代替“武器” 偏旁部首举例: 简化汉字举例: 4.3.2.2 英语、英语字母 英语单词的缩写规律:保留单词的辅音,去除元音,当然首字母是元音必须保留。一般保留三至五个辅音就可以帮助回忆整个单词,例如: impoverishment: impvr

debility: dblt rejuvenate: rjvn department: dpt standard: std reference: rfr 口译学习者还需要记住常用国际组织、专用名词、国家名及其首都名的缩写,例如: UN, UNESCO, NATO, APEC, OPEC, … Intellectual property protection: IPP NK, SK, CN, US, UK… 口译学习者还可以自己开动脑筋,充分发挥自己的创造性和想象力,开发出简介实用的笔记符号,下面以英文大写字母为例,看看如何创造性地在笔记中使用这些大写字母: A: first, top, excellent, extraordinary, outstanding, remarkable, unusual E: eyesight, economy, economic, economical, electronic, East F: failure, false, wrong, not true, full, flag G: government, God H: health, help, support, connect, bridge, cross, Hour I: I / we, my (our) party, eye L: long, lengthen, prolong M: money, mail, mother, mountain, movement, McDonald, man, May, Member (ship), mm… N: nose, nation, name, nothing, no, negation, deny, need, necessary, North O: zero, circle, old, orange, our, one, empty, world, all, success, complete P: pm, peace, park, pay, politics, people, perfect, president, prime minister, head, flagship Q: quality, quantity, quarter, question, cute, balloon, head, suspect, doubt, unknown, difficulty R: respect, representative, request, about, relations, return S: smile, snake, turns and twists, society, social, silence, curve, slim T: time, tea, cross-disciplinary, compound, T-shirt, T-stage, disagreement, dispute, disapproval U: you (your party), pitfall, trap, recycle, cycle, return, valley V: victory, triumph, vs, valley, bottom, tip W: west, western, wave, fluctuate, ups and downs X: X-ray, XL, wrong, negation, cross, times, execute, kill Y: why, year, yes, approve, agree, young, deviate, tree, servant Z: zero, zoo, last, zigzag, turns and twists, dream, sleep (comic strip) 从以上例子可以看出,我们可以从拼写、发音以及字母的结构等方面来进行联想,在笔记中创造性地使用这些符号。 4.3.2.3 箭头 箭头在口译笔记中的使用可以毫不夸张地说“占了半壁江山”,首先动词的位置往往由右箭头代替。下面看看箭头的用法:

英语口译速记符号

英语口译速记符号 ∵因为;由于;because;due to;thanks to; ∴所以;因此;as a result;consequently; =相同;也就是;相当于;that is to say;similar to; ≠不同;差距;相差;difference;disparity; ≈大约;接近;about;nearly;approximately; >大于;超过;more than;exceed;surpass;superior to <小于;低于;less than;lower than;inferior to +加上;另外;加强; -减去;扣除;接近(某个数字);minus;deduct from;except;÷除了,后面以加逗号与否来区分except和apart from ↗上升;增长;increase;grow; ↘下降;减少;decrease;decline;drop √正确的;好的;积极的;correct;nice;positive;affirmative; 改善;完善;improve; ×错误的;不好的;负面的;mistake;negative;notorious ?疑问;询问;是否;question;ask;inquiry;whether; !危险;警告;值得注意;dangerous;warning;notice; {包括;包含;including;containing; :认为;觉得;看法;think;believe;in my view; …大量的;很多的;一系列的;可持续的;a lot of;a series of; 【在…期间;在…的过程中;during;in the process of; ∥但是;然而;but;however;neverthless;

英语口译笔记速记符号大全

英语口译笔记速记符号大全 一.缩写词: Abbreviations in Note taking Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time 1.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sum f = frequency Leave out periods in standard abbreviations. cf = compare e.g. = example dept = department Use only the first syllable of a word. pol = politics dem = democracy lib = liberal cap = capitalism Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable. pres = presentation subj = subject ind = individual cons = conservative

Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. assoc = associate biol = biology info = information ach = achievement chem = chemistry max = maximum intro= introduction conc = concentration min = minimum rep = repetition Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word. ppd = prepared prblm = problem estmt = estimate bkgd = background gvt = government Use an apostrophe in place of letters. am't = amount cont'd = continued gov't = government educat'l = educational Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s. chpts = chapters egs = examples

MTI翻译硕士口译必看常用速记符号

常用速记符号 大于> 小于< 小于或等于≤ 大于或等于≥ 等于、意味着= 不等于≠ 约等于≈ 遗憾、悲哀; 高兴、荣兴( 错误、否、不、否定× 正确、对、好、肯定√ 不同意N 同意Y 上升、增加↑ 下降、减少↓ 强、好+ 更强、更好++ 弱、差- 更弱、更差―― 因为∵ 所以∴ 优秀★ 属于∈ 胜利V 问题、疑问? 和、与& 结论是=> 促进、发展↗ 国家□ 国与国□/□ 原因← 导致、结果→ 对立、冲突>< 波折<< 会议、会面⊙ 进入∩ 接触、交往∞ 分歧⊥ 非常、十分重要** 坚持≡ 关键!

奇观! 有关@ 替换为∽ 但是‖ 与……比较而言∥ 空洞○ 代表△ 口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进行记录的能力。记录分为“脑记”和“笔记”两种。 人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分组成。顾名思义,短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆,长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多,其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意义性。即便是当感知的信息有意义时,人的短时记忆只可容纳由二十多个单词组成的句子,或者一组十位数的数字。因此,对于口译工作者来说,完全依赖人脑的记忆能力是危险的,记笔记便显得十分重要。 一、做口译笔记时的注意事项 1.口译笔记应记要点,切忌求记“全”。口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充,不应也不必取代记忆。口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系(如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等),笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。 2.口译笔记求快求精,但不可潦草。 3.口译笔记可使用来源语,也可使用目标语,也可以双语兼用。只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性,不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。例如,“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。 4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语,例如:cf(compare), Co(company), eg(for example), etc(and so on), esp(especially), ie(that is), max(maximum), min(minimum), ref(reference), std(standard), usu(usually),等。 二、常用速记符号 速记是一项特殊的技巧,速记语言是由一套完整的符号组成的体系。在口译实践中逐步掌握一些简单的速记符号是有益的 口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进行记录的能力。记录分为“脑记”和“笔记”两种。 人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分组成。顾名思义,短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆,长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多,其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意义性。即便是当感知的信息有意义时,人的短时记忆只可容纳由二十多个单词组成的句子,或者一组十位数的数字。因此,对于口译工作者来说,完全依赖人脑的记忆能力是危险的,记笔记便显得十分重要。 口译的过程中,译者会遭遇许多讯息负荷上的困难,例如:讯息过多、讯息密集(好几项并列的讯息)、讯息杂乱、或是讯息陌生(如数字或专有名词)。既使能够完全理解讯息的内容,也有可能无法完整地将讯息传达出来。这时候,我们就需要一些辅助工具的协助,这就是口译笔记。 口译笔记的功能是:第一、具有辅助短时记忆的作用,避免遗忘漏失。第二、透过图像、版面与符号的交错运用,笔记具有语段逻辑分析与保存的功能,能将语篇的段落整理清楚并保存一段时间。 笔记是口译讯息整理与保存的工具,运用这项工具时必须先了解到底笔记的内容是什么。缩减练习中已经提到,建立新架构的必要讯息是5W1H「六何」(何人、何事、何时、何地、何物、如何)。再加上,数字与专有名词就是了。

道路交通标志大全图常用

道路交通标志大全图 警告标志 | 指示标志| 禁令标志| 指路标志| 旅游标志 警告标志一 十字交叉T型交叉T型交叉T型交叉Y型交叉 向左急弯路向右急弯路反向弯路连续弯路上陡坡 两侧变窄右侧变窄左侧变窄窄桥双向交通 环型交叉下陡坡注意行人注意儿童注意牲畜 注意信号灯注意落石注意横风易滑 傍山险路提坝路村庄 隧道渡口驼峰桥路面不平过水路面

有人看守 铁道道口 无人看守 铁路道口 叉形符号 注意 非机动车 事故易发路段慢行施工注意危险斜杆符号 左右绕行左侧绕行右侧绕行 指示标志二直行向左转弯向右转弯直行和向左转弯直行和向右转弯向左和向右转弯靠右侧道路行驶靠左侧道路行驶 立交直行和 左转弯行驶 立交直行和 右转弯行驶环岛行驶 单行路 (向左或向右) 单行路 (直行) 步行鸣喇叭最低限速干路先行会车先行人行横道右转车道直行车道 直行和右转 合用车道 分向行驶车道公交线路专用车道机动车行驶

机动车车道非机动车行驶非机动车车道允许掉头 禁令标志三 禁止通行禁止驶车 禁止 机动车通行 禁止 载货汽车通行 禁止 三轮车通行 禁止 小型客车通行 禁止 拖、挂车通行 禁止 拖拉机通行 禁止 农用运输车通行 禁止 二轮摩托车通行 禁止 非机动车通行 禁止 畜力车通行 禁止人力 货运三轮车通行 禁止人力 客运三轮车通行 禁止 人力车通行 禁止 骑自行车上坡 禁止 行人通行 禁止 向左转弯 禁止 向右转弯 禁止直行 禁止直行 和平向左转弯 禁止 直行和向右转弯 禁止掉头禁止超车 解除 禁止超车 禁止车辆 长时间停放 禁止鸣喇叭禁止宽度限制高度限制质量

限制速度解除限制速度停车检查停车让行减速让行会车让行限制轴重 禁止车辆 临时或长时停放 禁止 向左向右转弯 禁止骑自行车下 坡 禁止某轮两种车 通行 禁止大型客车通 行 指路标志四地名著名地点行政区划分界道路管理分离国道编号省道编号县道编号行驶方向 交叉路口预告交叉路口预告十字交叉路口十字交叉路口十字交叉路口十字交叉路口丁字交叉路口丁字交叉路口环形交叉路口环形交叉路口互通式立交互通式立交互通式立交互通式立交分岔处分岔处地点距离避车道人行天桥

常见口笔译符号

常见口笔译符号 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference: Abbreviations in Note taking Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sum f = frequency Leave out periods in standard abbreviations. cf = compare e.g. = example dept = department Use only the first syllable of a word. pol = politics dem = democracy lib = liberal cap = capitalism Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable. pres = presentation subj = subject ind = individual cons = conservative Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. assoc = associate biol = biology info = information ach = achievement chem = chemistry max = maximum intro = introduction conc = concentration min = minimum rep = repetition Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.

常见口笔译符号

常见口笔译符号 发布时间:2011-03-29 发布人:https://www.360docs.net/doc/724762456.html, 1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference: Abbreviations in Note taking Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sum f = frequency Leave out periods in standard abbreviations. cf = compare e.g. = example dept = department Use only the first syllable of a word. pol = politics dem = democracy lib = liberal cap = capitalism Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable. pres = presentation

subj = subject ind = individual cons = conservative Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. assoc = associate biol = biology info = information ach = achievement chem = chemistry max = maximum intro = introduction conc = concentration min = minimum rep = repetition Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word. ppd = prepared prblm = problem estmt = estimate bkgd = background gvt = government Use an apostrophe in place of letters. am't = amount cont'd = continued gov't = government educat'l = educational

口译笔记符号

口译笔录符号 为什么要用笔录符号 笔录符合是“口译标准”的具体体现。 在口译工作当中,笔录的目的并不是为了把说话人的每一个字都记下来,而是帮助口译人员回忆起原文,再现其中的信息,并不是保留原文。因此笔录符号的重要功能是一种视觉提示符号,因此是一种提高效率的方式。 口译证书考试听力中,笔录能力是贯穿始终的一种关键能力。离开了笔录,填空、选择、听译题目都无法取得好成绩。因此请同学们务必重视。 如何提高笔录能力 事实表明,口译学习中的许多环节都是不能想当然的。学习者如果没有亲自去体会的话,往往不会明白其中的道理。自信不等于可以减少努力。这里推荐给大家一些有效的训练方法。 缩略语法 缩略语有标准的和非标准的。标准的缩略语大家可以再词典等工具书的索引、目录中查到。 非标准的缩略语大多数是可以自己定义的。比如说写某个单词的一部分,也叫“以偏概全法”;或者用某个

练习: 请写出以下词语的缩略语: 参考答案:

领头字母法 请写出以下词语的缩略语: 参考答案 首位字母法 请写出以下词语的缩略语: 参考答案 发音字母法 请写出以下词语的缩略语:

参考答案 视觉符号法 大家可以根据自己的喜好,从数学、物理、化学等学科中借用符合来提高笔录速度。还可以借用罗马字母、拉丁字母、象形符号、日文符号……举例下:常用符号: @!~= ∴∵∶∷ ?≈≌≠≡ ><〔〕≤≥≦≧≮≯∠??‖∫∮ 箭头类符号: ←→↓↑↖↗↘↙∟∟∣ 象形类符号: ♂□、○◇▽、☆???⊕? 抽象符号: ±℃℉?∏ II III ∑∝√∞∪ ? & * # ^§? ? 日文符号: のぬりるゥキもめまてと 其他还有很多,建议考生根据自己的情况去定义。 1)利用表格、排列的形式提高笔录速度。 利用不同题材的套路和模板来提高笔录速度。例如,在对访谈中,询问、建议、比较、条件、原因、目的等等功能的表达是有套路、有标志词语的。根据学习的经验,记录时可以直接记录有用的信息。 2)利用汉字。较长的词语用汉语记录会更快! 3)小词、虚词省略法。 请看以下记录实例: 1)I 5 u 昨。 ――I saw you yesterday. 我昨天看到你了。 说明:“5”是简谱中的saw,“u”you的“同音字”。还可以用“32”代替“me too”呢。 2)We d mt 明9 am ――We decided to have a meeting at 9 in the morning. 我们决定明天早上9点开会。 3)用省略法产生的符号: ?P:place,appointment ?D:date ?T:time ?Prc √

口笔译速记符号

口译笔记速记符号 1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference: Abbreviations in Note taking Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. Symbols helpful in math ——these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sum f = frequency Leave out periods in standard abbreviations. cf = compare e.g. = example dept = department Use only the first syllable of a word. pol = politics dem = democracy lib = liberal cap = capitalism Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable. pres = presentation subj = subject ind = individual cons = conservative Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. assoc = associate biol = biology info = information ach = achievement chem = chemistry max = maximum intro = introduction conc = concentration min = minimum rep = repetition Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word. ppd = prepared prblm = problem estmt = estimate bkgd = background gvt = government Use an apostrophe in place of letters. am't = amount cont'd = continued gov't = government educat'l = educational Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s. chpts = chapters egs = examples fs = frequencies intros = introductions Use g to represent ing endings. ckg = checking estg = establishing decrg = decreasing exptg = experimenting Spell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key. Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand. Leave out unimportant words. Leave out the words a and the. If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter. Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words. & = and w/ = with w/o = without vs = against \ = therefore

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