英汉篇章翻译(技巧综合分析)(1)

英汉篇章翻译（技巧综合分析）

Category: 本科四年级

Key words: comprehensive analysis, transliteration, literal translation, annotation, division,

hypotaxis, E-C translation

Abstract: It discusses the comprehensive analysis of such major techniques as transliteration +

annotation, literal translation and annotation, division and hypotaxis used in text translating.

Compiler:《英语世界》

Date: 2000/7

E-C

Passage 2

A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court

(1) During a guided tour of Warwick Castle Twain meets a fellow American who seems strangely familiar with the medieval world. (2) That evening the man visits Twain in his hotel room with a strange story to tell. (3) He is, he explains, a Yankee from Connecticut-shrewd, hard, unsentimental stock-and worked in the arms business. (4) One day he was knocked out in a fight at the factory and, when he recovered consciousness, found himself in Arthurian England in the year 528.(5) Sir Kay appears and escorts the Yankee to Camelot. (6) He quickly makes friends with a servant, Clarence, and learns that he is Sir Kay's prisoner. (7) He is taken to the Great Hall where the Knights of the Round Table are celebrating and boasting of their deeds at arms. (8) He thinks Arthur and his knights engagingly native but is shocked by their coarseness and their inhumane treatment of the servants. (9) Merlin tells how King Arthur got his sword Excalibur from the Lady of the Lake, but the other knights are so familiar with the story that they fall asleep. (10) Sir Kay exhibits the Yankee to the company and gives a ridiculously exaggerated account of his capture. （11）The Yankee is condemned to die the next day.

亚瑟王朝廷里的康涅狄格州美国人

(1) 马克吐温在导游引导下游览沃雷克城堡时，认识了一位对中世纪世界似乎异常熟悉的美国同胞。(2) 当天晚上，此君来到吐温住宿的旅馆房间拜访吐温，讲述了一个奇异的故事。(3) 他告诉吐温，他是来自康涅狄格州的美国人--属于精明干练、厉害、不感情用事的类型――在军火工厂做工。(4) 有一天，他在工厂与人斗殴被打得昏迷过去，醒来后发现自己来到了公元528年亚瑟王时代的英国。(5) 凯伊爵士出现了，他押送这位美国佬到卡米洛。(6) 美国佬很快跟侍从克拉伦斯交上了朋友，这才得知自己已成为凯伊爵士的俘虏。(7) 他被带上大殿，圆桌骑士们正在那里庆祝和夸耀他们的战功。(8) 他觉得亚瑟王及其骑士们天真

得可爱，但他们粗鲁无礼、虐待奴仆的行为又令他感到震惊。(9) 默林讲述起亚

瑟王如何从湖上夫人那里夺得神剑的故事，但其他骑士早就听腻了，结果他们都

昏昏入睡。(10) 凯伊爵士向众人展示那个美国佬，同时叙述了俘获他的经过，

言辞夸张，荒唐可笑。（11）美国佬被判死刑，将于次日执行。

[注]

1英国著名古城堡，建于11世纪，内有多处古迹，位于距伦敦不远处的风景区

2英国古代亚瑟王传奇中的圆桌骑士之一

3传说中英国亚瑟王宫廷所在地

4圆桌骑士团，传说中亚瑟王麾下的150名骑士

5英国亚瑟王传奇中的预言家和魔法师

6湖上夫人，又名薇薇安女巫，为亚瑟王传说中的妖妇

（选自《英语世界》总146（7/2000）期，105-106页）

[分析]

这段文字采用的主要翻译技巧是：音译加注(transliteration + annotation)，直译加注(literal translation + annotation)，切分(division)，形合(hypotaxis)等。

句⑴ During a guided tour of Warwick Castle Twain meets a fellow American who seems

strangely familiar with the medieval world.

视角转换(shift of perspective)；马克·土温-增词(amplification);

guided--释义

(paraphrase)；Warwick Castle--音译加注(transliteration + annotation)，直译加注

(literal translation + annotation)。

句⑵ That evening the man visits Twain in his hotel room with a strange story to tell.

切分(division)；the man--选词(diction)；Twain--重复(repetition)。

句⑶ He is, he explains, a Yankee from Connecticut-shrewd, hard, unsentimental stock-

and worked in the arms business.

视角转换(shift of perspective)；吐温--增词(amplification) ；shrewd, hard, unsentimental--选词(diction)；Connecticut--标准汉音(using the standard pronunciation of the Chinese character) 。

句⑷ One day he was knocked out in a fight at the factory and, when he recovered

consciousness, found himself in Arthurian England in the year 528.

in a fight--词性转换(conversion)；Arthurian--音译(transliteration)；公

元--增词

(amplification)。

句⑸ Sir Kay appears and escorts the Yankee to Camelot.

Sir Kay--音译加注(transliteration + annotation)，直译加注(literal translation +

annotation)；escorts--选词(diction) ；Camelot--音译加注(transliteration +

annotation)。

句⑹ He quickly makes friends wi th a servant, Clarence, and learns that he is Sir Kay's

prisoner.

He--具体化(specification)；Clarence--音译(transliteration)。

句⑺ He is taken to the Great Hall where the Knights of the Round Table are celebrating

and boasting of their deeds at arms.

切分(division)；the Knights of the Round Table--直译加注(literal translation +

annotation)。

句⑻ He thinks Arthur and his knights engagingly naive but is shocked by their coarseness

and their inhumane treatment of the servants.

语态转换(shift of perspective in terms of voice)；engagingly--选词(diction)；"的行

为"--增词(amplification)。

句⑼ Merlin tells how King Arthur got his sword Excalibur from the Lady of the Lake, but

the other knights are so familiar with the story that they fall asleep. Merlin--音译加注(transliteration + annotation)；his sword Excalibur--概略化

(generalization)；the Lady of the Lake--直译加注(literal translation + annotation)。

"but …"--切分(division)；"are so familiar with…fall asleep"--选词(diction)。

句⑽ Sir Kay exhibits the Yankee to the company and gives a ridiculously exaggerated

account of his capture.

词序调整(inversion)；ridiculously--词性转换 (conversion)。

句⑾ The Yankee is condemned to die the next day.切分(division)；"执行"--增词(amplification)。