散文翻译参考资料

曹明伦译《论真理》片断

原文：It is a pleasure to stand upon the shore and to see ships tossed upon the sea;a pleasure to stand in the window of a castle and to see a battle and the adventures thereof blow;but no pleasure is comparable to the standing upon the vantage-ground of truth(a hill not to be comman-ded,and where the air is always dear and serene)and to see the errors and wanderings andmists and tempests in the vale below.

登高岸而濒水处观舟楫颠簸于海上，不易快哉；踞城堡而倚窗凭眺两军酣战于脚下，不易快哉；然断无任何快事堪比凌真理之绝顶（以巍然高耸且风清气朗的峰顶），一览深谷间的谬误与彷徨，迷雾与风暴。

翻译赏析：一文用排比句再现了原文的句式，一气呵成，雄健有力，摆脱了原文表层结构的羁绊，运用了一些平常不多使用的词语，但又不生僻，写出了鲜活流畅，古意昂然而又易解的汉语

There in the mist,enormous,majestic,silent,and terrible,stood the Great Wall of China,Solitarily,with the indifference of nature herself,it crept up the mountain side and slipped down to the depth of the velley,Menacingly,the grim watch towers,stark and foursquare,at due intervals stood at their posts.Ruthlessly,for it was built at the cost of a million lives and each one of those great great stones has been stained with the bloody tears of the captive and the outcast,it forged its dark way through a sea of rugged mountains.Fearlessly,it went on its endless journey,league upon league to the furthermost regions of Asia,in utter solitude,mysterious like the great empire it guarded.There in the mist,enormous, majustic,silent,and terrible,stood the Great Wall of China.

长城来迷朦中赫然呈现，巨大雄壮，沉默威严。它是孤独的，爬高山下深谷，向大自然那样与世无涉，踽踽独行。他是森严的，每隔相当距离就挺立着一座瞭望塔，冷峻强固，严阵以待。它是冷酷无情的，每块灰色大砖石都沾满了离乡背井犹如囚徒的苦工血泪；它坚忍不拔的穿越崇山峻岭，跋涉于未知之途。它也是无所畏惧的，无尽征途一程一程走下去，奔向亚洲最遥远的地方，茕茕孑立，神秘莫测，犹如它捍卫的大帝国。迷朦中的长城正是那么巨大，那么雄壮，那么沉默，那么威严。

秦淮河的水是碧阴阴的；看起来厚而不腻，或者是六朝金粉所凝么？我们初上船的时候，天色还未断黑，那漾漾的柔波是这样的恬静，委婉，使我们一面有水阔天空之想，一面又憧憬着纸醉金迷之境了。等到灯火明时，阴阴的变为沉沉的了：黯淡的水光，像梦一般；那偶然闪烁着的光芒，就是梦的眼睛了。我们坐在舱前，因了那隆起的顶棚，仿佛总是昂着首向前走似的；于是飘飘然如御风而行的我们，看着那些自在的湾泊着的船，船里走马灯般的人物，便象是下界一般，迢迢的远了，又象在雾里看花，尽朦朦胧胧的。这时我们已过了利涉桥，望见东关头了。沿路听见断续的歌声；有人沿河的妓楼飘来的，有从河上船里度来的。我们明知那些歌声，只是因袭的言词，从生涩的歌喉里机械的发出来的；但它们经了夏夜的微风的吹漾和水波的摇拂，袅娜着到我们耳边的时候，已经不单是她们的歌声，而是混着微风和河水的密语了。于是我们不得不牵惹着，震撼着，相与浮沉于这歌声里了。从东关头转湾，不久就到大中桥。大中桥共有三个桥拱，都很阔大，俨然是三座门儿；使我们觉得我们的船和船里的我们，在桥下过去时，真是太无颜色了。桥砖是深褐色，表明它的历史的长久；但者完好无缺，令人太息于古昔工程的坚美。

The water of the Qinhuai River looked dark green but not greasy.Could t be that it was mingled with the gold and rouge of the Six Dynasties?When we went aboard it was just dark,and the ripples looked so quiet and mild that we felt the vast space between heaven and earth and imagined the luxurious and dissipated life of those days.When the lanterns were lit, the sky looked darker,and the dim water seemed to be a dream,the occasionally glittering ripples and eyes of the dream. We sat on the foredeck;because of the visionary effect of the highly upwards and we were riding the wind and scaring up to the skies.The boats lying leisurely at anchor here and there and the figures shifting about looked as if they were far away in a world below,and the blurred view also seemed like watching flowers through fog.Then we passed the Lishe Bridge,and the Eastern Gate came in sight.Now and then all along the way we heard songs,some wafted to our ears from the brothels along the banks and the others from boats on the river.We knew for sure that lyrics were hackneyed words mechanically produced by dry throats,but when they were wafted to our ears by the mid-summer breeze over the ripples,they were no longer merely sung by the girls,for the singing blended with the whispers of the breeze and water. We were perforce provoked,shaken and quite carried away by the songs.Soon after making a turn at the Eastern Gate we arrived at the Dazhong Bridge.The three wide arches of the bridge looked like three big gates,and we felt that we were very paltry when our boat was passing through.The bricks of the bridge were dark brown,a sign of their long history;the bridge was intact,which arouse our admiration for the wonders of ancient architecture.

It was dreadfully cold,it was snowing fast,and almost dark；the evening----the last evening of the old year was drawing in.But,cold and dark as it was,a poor little girl,with bare head and feet,was still wandering about the streets.When she left her home she had slippers on,but they were much too large for her；indeed,properly,they belonged to her mother, and had dropped off her feet whilst1she was running very fast across the road,to get out of the way of two carriages.One of the slippers was not to be found,the other had been snatched up by a little boy,who ran off with it thinking it might serve him as a doll's cradle.

天气非常非常冷，雪下得很大，夜幕已降临。这是旧年最后的一夜——除夕之夜。尽管天气是那么的寒冷和黑暗，一个贫穷的小女孩，光头赤脚仍在大街上徘徊。当她离家出门的时候，脚上穿着一双拖鞋，那是一双相当大的拖鞋——的确太大了，那是她妈妈穿着合适的一双拖鞋。当她匆忙横穿马路的时候，两辆马车飞快地闯过来，吓得她把拖鞋跑丢了。一只怎么也找不到，另一只被一个小男孩抢跑了。他想，这只鞋可以当做玩具娃娃睡觉的摇篮。

So the little girl now walked on,her bare feet quite red and blue with the cold.She carried a small bundle of matches in her hand,and a good many more in her tattered apron.No one had bought any of them the live long day；no one had given her a single penny.Trembling with cold and hunger crept she on,the picture of sorrow:poor little child!

The snow-flakes fell on her long,fair hair,which curled in such pretty ringlets over her shoulders；but she thought not of her own beauty,or of the cold.Lights were glimmering through every window,and the savoir of roast goose reached her from several houses；it was New Year's eve,and it was of this that she thought.

现在这小女孩只好光着脚在街上行走，一双脚步冻得又红又青。她那破旧的围裙兜着许多火柴，手里还拿着一小捆。可整整一天谁也没有向她买过一根——谁也没有给她一个铜板。她又饿又冷，哆哆嗦嗦地向前走着，这是一幅非常凄惨的景象：可怜的小姑娘！

雪花落在她那金黄色的头发上——长长的卷发披散在肩上，看起来十分美丽，可她想不到自己的漂亮。从每扇窗子透出的亮光和飘出的烤鹅肉香味，使她想起的只是今天是除夕之夜。

滚滚长江东逝水，浪花淘尽英雄。是非成败转头空：青山依旧在，几度夕阳红。

白发渔樵江渚上，惯看秋月春风。一壶浊酒喜相逢：古今多少事，都付笑谈中。

On and on the Great River rolls,racing east.

Of proud and gallant heroes its white-tops leave no trace,

As right and wrong,pride and fall turn all at once unreal.

Yet ever the green hills stay

To blaze in the west-waning day.

Fishers and woodsmen comb the river isles.

White-crowned,they've seen enough of spring and autumn tide

To make good company over the wine jar,

Where many a famed event

Provides their merriment.

《水浒》的开篇：

纷纷五代乱离间，一旦云开复见天！草木百年新雨露，车书万里旧江山。

寻常巷陌陈罗绮，几处楼台奏管弦。天下太平无事日，莺花无限日高眠。

After Five Dynasties’turmoil and strife,

The clouds dispersed and revealed the sky,

Refreshing rain brought old trees new life,

Culture and learning once again were high.

Ordinary folk in the lanes wore silk,

Music drifted from mansions and towers,

Under the heavens all was serene,

Men dozed off at noon midst gay birds and flowers.

但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。

We wish each other a long life so as to share the beauty of this graceful moonlight,even though miles apart.

独在异乡为异客，每逢佳节倍思亲。

A lonely stranger in a strange land I am cast,I miss my family all the more on every festive day.

大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物。

The endless river eastward flows;with its huge waves are gone all those gallant heroes of bygone years.

二人同心，其利断金。

If two people are of the same mind,their sharpness can cut through metal.

富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能曲，此之谓大丈夫。

It is a true great man whom no money and rank can confuse,no poverty and hardship can shake,and no power and force can suffocate.

海内存知己，天涯若比邻。

A bosom friend afar brings distance near.

合抱之木，生于毫末，九层之台，起于累土；千里之行始于足下。

A huge tree that fills one’s arms grows from a tiny seedling;a nine-storied tower rises from a heap of earth;a thousand li journey starts with the first step.

祸兮，福之所依；福兮，祸之所伏。

Misfortune,that is where happiness depends;happiness,that is where misfortune underlies.

见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。

On seeing a man of virtue,try to become his equal;on seeing a man without virtue,examine yourself not to have the same defects.

江山如此多娇，引无数英雄尽折腰。

This land so rich in beauty has made countless heroes bow in homage.

举头望明月，低头思故乡。

Raising my head,I see the moon so bright;withdrawing my eyes,my nostalgia comes around.

俱往矣，数风流人物，还看今朝。

All are past and gone;we look to this age for truly great men.

君子成人之美，不成人之恶。

The gentleman helps others to achieve their moral perfection but not their evil conduct.

君子独立不惭于影，独寝不愧于魂。

A righteous man never feels ashamed to face his shadow when standing alone and to face his soul when sleeping alone.

君子之交淡如水，小人之交甘如醴。君子淡以亲，小人甘以绝。

The friendship between men of virtue is light like water,yet affectionate;the friendship between men without virtue is sweet like wine,yet easily broken.

老吾老以及人之老，幼吾幼以及人之幼。

Expend the respect of the aged in one’s family to that of other families;expend the love of the young ones in one’s family to that of other families.

礼尚往来。往而不来，非礼也；来而不往，亦非礼也。

Propriety suggests reciprocity.It is not propriety not to give out but to receive,or vice versa.

两情若是长久时，又岂在朝朝暮暮。

If love between both sides can last for aye,why need they stay together night and day?

路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索。

The way ahead is long;I see no ending,yet high and low I’ll search with my will unbending.

民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻。

The people are the most important element in a state;next are the gods of land and grain;least is the ruler himself.

千丈之堤，以蝼蚁之穴溃；百尺之屋，以突隙之烟焚。

A long dike will collapse because of an ant-hole in it;a tall building will be burned down by a spark from a chimney’s chink.

锲而舍之，朽木不折，锲而不舍，金石可镂。

Carve but give up half way,even a decayed piece of wood will not break;carve without stop,even metal and stone can be engraved.

人有悲欢离合，月有阴晴阳缺，此事古难全。

People have sorrow and joy;they part and meet again.The moon dims or shines;it waxes or wanes.Nothing is perfect, not even in the olden days.

人之于文学也，犹玉之于琢磨也。

Learning and culture are to a person what polished and grinding are to jade.

三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。

Among any three people walking,I will find something to learn for sure.Their good qualities are to be followed,and their shortcomings are to be avoided.

士不可以不弘毅，任重而道远。仁以为己任，不亦重乎？死而后己，不亦远乎？

An educated gentleman cannot but be resolute and broad-minded,for he has taken up a heavy responsibility and a long course.Is it not a heavy responsibility,which is to practice benevolence?Is it not a long course,which will end only with his death?

士之为人，当理不避其难，临患忘利，遗生行义，视死如归。

A moral intellectual is one who escapes no danger in face of truth,discards personal interests in front of disaster,practices righteousness at the expense of life,and looks upon death as going home.

逝者如斯夫！不舍昼夜。

The passage of time is just like the flow of water,which goes on day and night.

顺天者存，逆天者亡。

Those who follow the Heaven’s law will survive;those who go against it will perish.

天将降大任于斯人也，必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨，饿其体肤，空乏其身，行拂乱其所为，所以动心忍性，增益其所不能。

When Heaven is about to place a great responsibility on a great man,it always first frustrates his spirit and will,exhausts his muscles and bones,exposes him to starvation and poverty,harasses him by troubles and setbacks so as to stimulate his spirit,toughen his nature and enhance his abilities.

天生我才必有用。

Heaven has endowed me with talents for eventual use.

天时不如地利，地利不如人和。

Opportunities vouchsafed by Heaven are less important than terrestrial advantages,which in turn are less important than the unity among people.

天行健，君子以自强不息。

As Heaven’s movement is ever vigorous,so must a gentleman ceaselessly strive along.

温故而知新，可以为师矣。

He who by reviewing the old can gain knowledge of the new and is fit to be a teacher.

物格而后知至，知至而后意诚，意诚而后心正，心正而后身修，身修而后家齐，家齐而后治国，国治而后天下平。

Things investigated,genuine knowledge acquired;genuine knowledge acquired,thoughts purified;thoughts purified, hearts rectified;hearts rectified,personalities cultivated;personalities cultivated,families regulated;families regulated, the states well governed;the states well governed,the whole world will be in peace and tranquil.

相见时难别亦难。

It is unbearable to meet as well as to depart.

学不可以已。青取之于蓝，而青于蓝；冰，水为之，而寒于冰。君子博学而日参省乎己，则知明而行无过矣。There is never an end to learning.The dye extracted from the indigo is bluer than the plant;so is the ice colder than the water.By broadly learning and constantly examining himself every day,the gentleman sharpens his awareness and makes fewer mistakes.

学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。

Learning without thinking leads to confusion;thinking without learning ends in danger.

学而不厌，诲人不倦。

Never be contented with your study;never be impatient with your teaching.

学如逆水行舟，不进则退。

Learning is like rowing upstream:not to advance is to drop back.

有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。

It is such a delight to have friends coming from afar.

玉不琢，不成器。人不学，不知义。

As a jade without chiseling will not become a useful object,a man without learning will not know the Way.

欲穷千里目，更上一层楼。

We widen our views three hundred miles by ascending one flight of stairs./

Exhausting my eyes to a thousand li further,I am ascending one more story of the tower.

在天愿做比翼鸟，在地愿为连理枝。

In heaven let us be two birds flying ever together,and on earth two trees with branches interlocked forever.

不登高山，不知天之厚也；不临深渊，不知地之厚也。

One can never be aware of the height of the sky or the depth of the earth,if he does not climb up a high mountain or look down into a deep abyss.

大道之行也，天下为公。

A public spirit will rule all under the sky when the great Way prevails.

丹青不知老将近，富贵于我如浮云。

Absorbed in painting,you know not old age is coming;indeed,to me wealth and rank are like clouds scudding.

曲则全，枉则直，洼则盈，敝则新，少则得，多则惑。

To be part is to be whole;to be bent is to be straight;to be hollow is to be filled;to be worn out is to be renewed;to have little is to have more;to have much is to be confused.

朱子家训

(1)一粥一饭，当思来之不易。半丝半缕，恒念物力维艰。

The growing of rice and of grain

Think on whenever you dine;

Remember how silk is obtained

Which keeps you warm and looks fine.

（2）宜未雨而绸缪，勿临渴而掘井。

In periods of drought

Wise birds mend their nest

So when the clouds burst

They snugly may rest;

Never be the fool

Who starts to dig a well in the ground

When he wants a drink of water

And water can't be found.

（3）与肩挑贸易毋占便宜，与贫苦亲邻须加温恤。

Bargain you not with the traveler who vends;Share of your wealth with your neighbors and friends.

（4）居家戒争讼，讼则终凶；处世戒多言，言多必失。

Don't take into court your family disputes,

Unpleasant endings emerge from lawsuits;

To comport yourself well in society,

Restrain loose tongue's impropriety.

（5）勿恃权势而凌孤寡；勿贪口腹而恣杀性。

Use not your bow and arrow

To bully orphan and widow.

Do not dumb animals slaughter at will

Your appetite greedy to over fulfill.

（6）乖僻自是，悔悟必多；颓惰自甘，家园终替。

Egocentric people grow

Much regret and sorrow;

Lazy,slothful people sow

Poverty tomorrow.

（7）施惠勿念；受恩莫忘。

In proclaiming your virtues go slow;

And be mindful of mercy you own.

（8）凡事当留余地，得意不宜再往。

Leave room for retreat

When trying new feat.

You will try,try in vain

To repeat windfall gain.

（9）人有喜庆，不可生忌妒心；人有祸患，不可生欣幸心。

Don't envy other's success;

Don't gloat o'er other's distress.

(注：o'er即over，为了译文的音律而采用缩略的形式)

（10）善欲人见，不是真善；恶恐人知，便是大恶。

To brag of the good you have done

Will never impress anyone.

Personal scandals you try hard to hide

Will soon be known far and wide.

美文妙译

林语堂的Moment in Peking当中描写慈禧太后的句子：

1.The ignorant old woman who ruled for the entire last half of the nineteenth century did more than any other single person to hold back China’s progress.Without her the progressive Emperor Kuangshu would certainly have gone on with his reforms.To the end,the Emperor,like an eagle deprived of its wings,remained submissive to his aunt.Ignorance added to a strong character was a double curse;stupidity joining hands with stubbornness was twice stupid.

张振玉先生的译文：

那个愚蠢无知的老太婆统治了19世纪的后50年，使中国不能进步，她可算功劳第一。若没有她，锐意求进的光绪皇帝，一定会进行他的维新大计。光绪皇帝，像个剪去翅膀的苍鹰，一直对他这位大权在握的老伯母必恭必敬，百依百顺。愚而妄，其为祸则加倍地强烈。愚蠢再与刚愎携手，则愚蠢倍增。

【spoiltcat点评】

最后一句实在是经典。“愚蠢无知”来译ignorant，有点过,因为ignorant似乎并无“愚蠢”之意。

苍鹰不是一个一个的吧。“必恭必敬”尚可表现出无奈的感觉，“百依百顺”则不可。

【spoiltcat改译】那个无知的老太婆在19世纪后半叶统治中国整整50年之久。阻止中国进步的第一大功臣，当真非她莫属。若不是她，锐意进取的光绪皇帝，一定能推行他的维新大计。然而自始至终，光绪都慑服于他这位伯母的淫威之下，如一只剪去翅膀的苍鹰。无知而刚愎，其为祸则倍增。愚蠢与顽固携手，便是愚不可耐。

2.All of these disciplines have changed so much in recent years that I cannot image people climbing over departmental walls and specialty boards so easily.On the other hand,I do envision a time ahead when the clinical science will come to share the same ground in their base of knowledge.

原译：

所有这些学科在近年来变化如此之大，我真难以想象我们何以能够容易地跨越科学的高墙和不同的专业舞台。但是，我确能预见，有朝一日名临床学科能在其知识基础上共享一席。

【spoiltcat点评】

此译妙在“共享一席”。“如此之大”，句子有欧化之嫌。“何以能够……”，似乎含有“已经跨越，只是原因未知”的意思，而原文中是否定性的预见，觉得这种跨越不太可能。要“跨越”“高墙”恐怕确实非一般人所能，且“跨越”与“舞台”搭配也有些勉强。

【spoiltcat改译】所有这些学科在近年发生了深刻的变化，能否轻易翻越科学的高墙和不同的专业舞台，我着实难以想象。但是，我确能预见，有朝一日各临床学科能在其知识基础上共享一席。

PS：这段话是从一篇关于医学的文章里选出来的，所以“临床学科”似乎可以接受。

3.The stage of mental comfort to which they had arrived at this hour was one wherein their souls expanded beyond their skins,and spread their personalities warmly through the room.(from Tess of the D’urberveilles)

张谷若先生的译文：

他们那时所达到的欢畅阶段是：神游身外，脱却形骸，满眼生花，满室生春。

【spoiltcat点评】

“神游身外，脱却形骸，满眼生花，满室生春”堪称神来之笔。“所达到的欢畅阶段”令人费解。

【spoiltcat改译】彼时彼刻，他们心情欢畅，简直是神游身外，脱却形骸，满眼生花，满室生春。

4.I lost myself in the author’s world.And when finally I put it down,my mind was totally refreshed.

原译：我完全沉浸在作者笔下的世界里，不得自知身在何处了。最后放下书来时，我倦意全消，身心为之一爽。

译者用笔精妙，实在不容我不折服。粗读之下，本觉“我完全沉浸在作者笔下的世界里，不得自知身在何处了”用24个字来译原文“I lost myself in the author’s world”区区7个字，罗嗦太甚，想加修改，却无从动笔。佩服。

5.Illness brought her a strange restlessness and made her all the more eager to cling to life and squeeze from it the last drop of happiness.It made her envy health,but it also made her sentimental over a leaf that the wind had blown into her room.

原译：这种病使她特别敏感不安，她越发急切于抓住人生不放，似乎是要把人生的甜蜜幸福挤到最后的一滴而后已。这病使她多么羡慕人家的健康，也使她多愁善感，见一叶飘零，随风入室，便愁绪满怀，无以自解。【spoiltcat点评】

“见一叶飘零，随风入室，便愁绪满怀，无以自解”译笔绝佳。【spoiltcat改译】说来也怪，缠绵病榻，使她特别焦躁不安，她越发急切地抓住人生不放，欲将人生的幸福榨到最后一滴而后已。这病使她无比艳羡人家的健康，也使她多愁善感，见一叶飘零，随风入室，便愁绪满怀，无以自解。

6.That tiny catch in my old friend’s voice dissolved whatever stood between me and my sorrow.My torrents of grief were unleashed.

原译：我的老朋友的说话声微微哽塞却让我的心堤决口了，悲哀的大潮汹涌奔腾而来。

此译妙在对介词between的处理。“我的”二字多余，去掉。原文似乎并无转折之意。

老朋友的声音微微哽塞，却让我的心堤决口了，悲哀的大潮汹涌奔腾而来。

7.For those who do not know it,happiness is a problem,and for those who do know it,happiness is a mystery.

在未得安乐的人，求之而不可得，在已得安乐之人，又不知其来之所自。

【spoiltcat点评】

英文是林语堂在译作Six Chapters of a Floating Life（《浮生六记》的Preface中关于幸福的妙语。汉语同样出自林的手笔，虽非严格的对译，但同样精彩。

8.Bright red costumes,with hats,shoes,and stockings to match,are to be all the craze in the Spring.Smart women will have to be careful not to yawn in the streets in case some shortsighted person is on his way to post a letter.

原译：鲜红的时装，再配上与之相配的帽子、鞋子和袜子，是春日的时髦打扮。可是聪明的女子得小心一点，别在街头打哈欠，以防目光近视者正在去邮寄信件。

【spoiltcat点评】

原文幽默可喜，译文却多有谬误。Smart women译为“聪明的女子”不合逻辑，难道不聪明的女子就不用小心了吗？其实smart除了有“聪明”的意思之外，还有“漂亮的，时髦的”等意。“目光近视者”是赘言，“近视”本身就是指眼睛不好使啊，好像没有听说过手脚近视的吧。当然也有“思想近视”，不过那只是引申的说法。on his way译成“正在去”，也是憨直得可爱。

【spoiltcat改译】鲜红的衣服，加上配套的帽子和鞋袜，是春日的流行装束。不过时髦女郎们可得小心一点，别在街头打哈欠，要是碰上近视眼准备寄信就大事不妙了。

9.I am never at a loss for a word;Pitt is never at a loss for the word.

我总可以滔滔不绝，而皮特却总是字字珠玑。

【spoiltcat点评】

说这句话的是英国18世纪大演说家Charles James Fox，但他认为其对手William Pitt比他更出色。“滔滔不绝”与“字字珠玑”对比来译“a word”和“the word”的区别，甚妙。

10.Though translation may be like old wine in new bottles or a woman in man’s clothing,the results can be both tasteful and alive.

原译：虽然一篇译文可以像置于新瓶中的老酒，或似身着男装的女子，但是，酒仍不失其甘醇，而女子仍风韵不减。

【spoiltcat点评】

此译应该算是比较出色，不过有失精炼。

【spoiltcat改译】译文犹如新瓶装旧酒，女子着男装，酒固然不失其甘醇，女子也风韵不减。

----摘自《新世纪英汉翻译教程>

英汉谚语互译中的一些巧合

1.After meat,mustard;after death,doctor.

雨后送伞

Explanation:this describes a situation where assistance or comfort is given when it is too late.

Example:just as I had cancelled my application to go abroad,I had a promise of money for my fare.It was a case of after death,the doctor.

2.After praising the wine they sell us vinegar.

挂羊头卖狗肉

Explanation:to offer to give or sell something that is inferior to what you claim it to be.

Example:that fellow completely mislead us about what he was capable of doing.After praising the wine,he sold us vinegar.

3.All is over but the shouting.

大势已去

Explanation:finally decided or won;brought to the end;not able to be changed.

Example:after Bill’s touch down,the game is all over but shouting.

4.All lay load on the willing horse.

人善被人欺，马善被人骑

Explanation:a willing horse is someone who is always doing things for others.Very often the implication is that others impose on him.

Examples:the trouble is you‘re too good-natured and people take advantage of it.all lay load on the willing horse. You will have to learn to refuse people who ask too much.

5.anger and haste hinder good counsel.

小不忍则乱大谋

Explanation:one can not act wisely when one is angry or in a hurry.

Example:you should calm down before you decide the next move.Anger and haste hinder good counsel.

6.As poor as a church mouse

一贫如洗

Explanation:to be exceedingly poor,having barely to live upon.

Example:he has a large family,and is poor as a church mouse.

Note:a church is one of the few buildings that contain no food.

7.A word spoken is past recalling.

一言既出，驷马难追

Explanation:the harm done by a careless word can not easily undo.

Example:for the rest of his life he regretted what he had said,but a word spoken is past recalling and he knew he could never repair the damage of that moment of harshness.

1.World is but a little place,after all.

天涯原咫尺，到处可逢君

Explanation:it is used when a person meets someone he knows or is in someway connected with him in a place where he would never have expected to do so.

Example:Who would have thought I would bump into an old schoolmate on a trek up Mount Tai.The world is but a little place after all.

2.When in Rome,do as the Romans do.

入乡随俗

Explanation:conform to the manners and customs of those amongst whom you live.

Example:I know you have egg and bacon for breakfast at home,but now you are on the Continent you will do as the Romans do and take coffee and rolls.

3.What you lose on the swings you get back on the roundabouts.

失之东隅，收之桑榆

Explanation:a rough way of starting a law of average;if you have bad luck on one day you have good on another;if one venture results in loss try a fresh one---it may succeed.

Example:he may always possess merits which make up for everything;if he loses on the swings,he may win on the roundabouts.

4.What are the odds so long as you are happy.

知足者常乐

Explanation:what does anything else matter if a person is happy.

Example:you complain so much,but you have a good family,parents,health,and money.What’s the odd so long as you’re happy.

5．Entertain an angel unawares.

有眼不识泰山

Explanation:to receive a great personage as a guest without knowing his merits.

Example:in the course of evening someone informed her that she was entertaining an angel unawares,in the shape of a composer of the greatest promise

6.every dog has his day.

是人皆有出头日

Explanation:fortune comes to each in turn

Example:they say that every dog has his day;but mine seems a very long time coming.

7.every potter praises his own pot.

王婆买瓜，自卖自夸

8.good wine needs no bush

酒香不怕巷子深

9.A fool may give a wise man counsel.

三个臭皮匠,顶个诸葛亮.

Complications on U.S.Road to War

【参考译文】美国在求战之路上面临纷繁芜杂的局面

【注释】complication,“使情况更加复杂或困难的事物”：A further complication was Fred's refusal to travel by air.更麻烦的是弗雷德不肯坐飞机。而复数形式的complications,是“并发症”的意思，如：Complications set in, and the patient died.病人因出现并发症而死亡。

WASHINGTON(Reuters)-On the verge of war in Iraq,the Bush administration finds its goals complicated by its own uncompromising approach as it builds a legacy that could do long-term damage to NATO,the United Nations and U.S.leadership,diplomats and analysts say.

【参考译文】华盛顿(路透社)-外交官和分析人士表示，在对伊开战一触即发之际，布什政府发现这一目标

已被自身毫不退让的行事方式弄得错综复杂起来，而此时美国政府的所做所为会对北约、联合国和美国的领导

地位造成长期的损害。

【注释】on the verge of:在某事即将发生之际。类似的表达还有on the brink of,on the edge of,on the threshold of,on the point of(doing something).uncompromising,“不妥协的,不让步的,强硬的”：uncompromising stand/beliefs,坚定的立场/信仰。legacy,“遗产，遗留物”，这里是着眼于对日后的影响，所以用了这个字眼。

Such criticism,made in the heat of rhetorical struggle over Iraq policy and vigorously rejected by administration officials,could well be revised if war against Baghdad is quick and reasonably successful.

【参考译文】值此围绕对伊政策各方展开激烈的唇枪舌剑之际，类似这样的批评遭到政府官员的强烈反

对，不过倘若战争进展迅速且战果显著，也许就会有另一番迥然不同的评论。

【注释】heat,“the most intense or active stage，最强烈或最活跃的阶段”：He tried to take the heat out of the situation.他竭力让局面缓和下来。rhetorical,“辞藻华丽的，虚夸的”：Don't be so rhetorical-just tell us what you mean in plain English.不要这么夸张，就用平实的英语告诉我们你的意思。相应的名词形式是rhetoric,“浮夸之词，华丽辞藻”：The politician's speech was full of empty rhetoric.这位政治家的演讲满是空洞无物的华丽言辞。

But as it works to maximize world support in the countdown to military action against Saddam Hussein and to isolate North Korea,the United States finds itself nearly as much on the defensive as the"axis of evil"regimes it seeks to curtail.

【参考译文】不过，正当美国在针对萨达姆-侯赛因的军事行动倒计时中努力争取最大限度的国际支持和孤立朝鲜的时候，美国发觉自己几乎和它所寻求削弱的“邪恶轴心”政权一样处于防守态势。

【注释】maximize,“使最大化”，其反义词是minimize,“使最小化”。countdown,“倒计时”，引申为“准备工作，准备过程”，这里的翻译还是采用了形象的“倒计时”，注意这个词常和介词to连用。on the defensive,“expecting to be attacked or criticized进行防御，采取守势”：Talk about boy-friends always puts her on the defensive.一谈到男朋友，她总是戒心十足。curtail,“缩短，削减”，这里用的是比喻义。

……

NATO Secretary-General George Robertson said the dispute over whether to give Turkey equipment to defend itself against Iraq showed alliance disarray but was not a mortal blow.

【参考译文】北约秘书长乔治-罗伯逊说，有关是否为土耳其提供防御伊拉克打击的武器装备的争论显示了盟国内部的混乱，但并不构成致命的打击。

【注释】disarray,"杂乱的状态；混乱",与之意义相近的有disorder,confusion,chaos,muddle,huddle,snarl等。

Kupchan(European expert)was more pessimistic,doubting NATO would survive the crisis and warning that Washington's failure to win U.N.support for military action would be a"historical turning point that would...deal a powerful blow to the U.N.,(erode)the West as a coherent political entity…and risk the United States'international political legitimacy."

【参考译文】库珀臣(欧洲问题专家)表现的更为悲观，他对北约能否度过这场危机表示怀疑，并警告说如果华盛顿不能赢得联合国对其军事行动的支持，那将是“一个历史性的转折点，将是对联合国的一次沉重打击，

减弱西方作为一个统一的政治实体的地位…并动摇美国在国际政治中的合法性。”

【注释】deal a blow to sb/sth,打击某人/某事物：

The latest trade figures have dealt a severe blow to hopes of an early economic recovery.

最新的贸易数字对尽早复苏经济的期望是个严重的打击。

legitimacy,“正当，合理性，合法性”，其形容词形式是legitimate，它还有“合法婚姻所生的”之意，所以“私生儿”就是illegitimate child.

THE ATLANTIC CHARTER

The president of the United States of America and the Prime Minister,Mr.Churchill,representing His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom,being met together,deem it right to make known certain common principles in thenational policies of their respective countries on which they base their hopes for a better future for the world.

First,their countries seek no aggrandizement,territorial or other;

Second,they desire to see no territorial changes that do not accord with the freely expressed wishes of the peoples concerned;

Third,they respect the right of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live;and they wish to see sovereign rights and self government restored to those who have been forcibly deprived of them;

Fourth,they will endeavor,with due respect for their existing obligations,to further the enjoyment by all States,great or small,victor or vanquished,of access,on equal terms,to the trade and to the raw materials of the world which are needed for their economic prosperity;

Fifth,they desire to bring about the fullest collaboration between all nations in the economic field with the object of securing,for all,improved labor standards,economic advancement and social security;

Sixth,after the final destruction of the Nazi tyranny,they hope to see established a peace which will afford to all nations the means of dwelling in safety within their own boundaries,and which will afford assurance that all the men in all the lands may live out their lives in freedom from fear and want;

Seventh,such a peace should enable all men to traverse the high seas and oceans without hindrance;

Eighth,they believe that all of the nations of the world,for realistic as well as spiritual reasons must come to the abandonment of the use of force.Since no future peace can be maintained if land,sea or air armamentscontinue to be employed by nation which threaten,or may threaten,aggression outside of their frontiers,they believe,pending the establishment of a wider and permanent system of general security,that the disarmamentof such nations is essential.They will likewise aid and encourage all other practicable measures,which will lighten for peace-loving peoples the crushing burden of armaments.

大西洋宪章

美利坚合众国总统和代表联合王国的首相丘吉尔，经过会商，觉得把他们两个国家政策上若干共同原则（对更好的未来世界的希望即以次为基础）在此时向世界宣布，是合适的。

第一，他们两个国家不寻求任何领土的或其它方面的扩张；

第二，他们不希望看见发生任何与有关人民自由表达的意志不相符合的领土变更；

第三，他们尊重所有民族选择他们愿意生活于其下的政府形式之权利；他们希望看到曾经被武力剥夺其主权及自治权的民族，重新获得主权与自治；

第四，他们要在尊重他们现有的义务下，努力促使所有国家，不分大小，战胜者或战败者，都有机会在同等条件下，为了实现它们经济的繁荣，参加世界贸易和获得世界的原料；

第五，他们希望促成所有国家在经济领域内最充分的合作，以促进所有国家的劳动水平﹑经济进步和社会保障；

第六，在纳粹暴政被最后消灭之后，他们希望建立和平，使所有国家能够在它们境内安然自存，并保障所有地方的所有人在免于恐惧和不虞匮乏的自由中，安度他们的一生；

第七，这样的和平将使所有人能够在公海上不受阻碍地自由地航行；

第八，他们相信，世界上所有国家，为了现实的和精神上的理由，必须放弃使用武力。如果那些在国境外从事或可能以侵略相威胁的国家继续使用陆海空武器装备，则未来的和平将无法维持；所以他们相信，在一个更普遍和更持久的全面安全体系建立之前，解除这些国家的武装是必要的。同样，他们会协助和鼓励一切其它可行的措施，来减轻爱好和平的人民在军备上的沉重负担。

The Dreamer

追梦人

________________________________________

Go with your passion.It has been said that who see the invisible can do

the impossible.

原文

When I was nine years old living in a smaIl town in North Carolina I

found an ad for selling greeting cards in the back of a children's magazine．

I thought to myself I can do this．I begged my mother to let me send for

the kit．Two weeks later when the kit arrived，I ripped off the brown paper

wrapper，grabbed the cards and dashed from the house．Three hours later．

I returned home with no card and a pocket full of money proclaiming，“Mama．

all the people couldn't wait to buy my cards！”A salesperson was born．

when I was twelve years old，my father took me to see Zig Ziegler．I remember

sitting in that dark auditorium listening to Mr，Zigler raise everyone's

spirits up to the ceiling，I left there feeling like I could do anything．

When we got to the car，I turned to my father and said．“Dad．I want to make

people feel like that．”My father asked me what I meant．"I want to be

a motivational speaker just like Mr．Zigler，”I replied．A dream was born．

Recently，I began pursuing my dream of motivating others．After a four-year

relationship with a major furtune100company beginning as a salestrainer

and ending as a regional sales manager，I left the company at the height

of my career，Many people were astounded that I would leave after earning

a six-figure income．And they asked why I would risk everything for a dream．

I made my decision to start my own company and leave my secure position

after attending a regional sales meeting．The vice-president of our company

delivered a speech that changed my life．He asked us,“If a genie would

grant you three wishes what would they be？”After giving us a moment to

write down the three wishes．he then asked us,"why do you need a genie

?"I would never forget the empowerment I felt at that moment．

I realized that everything I had accomplished一the graduate degree，the

successful sales career，speaking engagements，training and managing for

a fortune l00company had prepared me for this moment．I was ready and

did not need a genie's help to become a motivational speaker．

When I tearfully told my boss my plans this incredible leader whom Irespect

so much replied,"Precede with reckless abandon and you will be successful“

Having made that decision，I was immediately tested．One week after I

gave notice，my husband was“laid off from his job．We had recently bought

a new home and needed both incomes to make the monthly mortgage payment

and now we were done to no income．It was tempting to turn back to my former

company，knowing they wanted me to stays but l was certain that if I went

back，I would never leave．I decided I still wanted to move forward rather

than end up with a mouth full of”if onlys"later on．A motivational speaker

was born．

When l held fast to my dream，even during the tough times．The miracles

really began to happen．In a short time period my husband found a better

job．We didn't miss a mortgage payment．And I was able to book several speaking

engagements with new clients．I discovered the incredible power of dreams．

I loved my old job,my peers and the company I left，but it was time to

get on with my dream．To celebrate my success I had a local artist paint

my new offlce as a garden．At the top of one wall she stenciled,“The world

always makes way for the dreamer．”

我九岁的时候住在北卡罗来纳州的一个小镇上，一次在一本儿童杂志的背面友现了一则招聘明信片推销员的广告。我对自己说，我能干这事。我恳求妈妈让我去叫人送来全套货物。两个星期后，货送来了，我一把撕下明信叶上棕色的包装纸，冲出了家门，三个小时后，我的卡片已一张不剩，倒是装着满满一口袋钱回到了家，大叫：“妈妈，所有的人部迫不及待地想要买我的卡片！”一个推销员诞生了。

我十二岁的时候，父亲带我去见齐格?齐格勒先生，我还记得当时坐在昏暗的礼堂里听着齐格勒先生的演说，他把每个人部说得热情高涨、跃跃欲试，离开的时候我觉得自己可以做任何事情。我们上了车，我转向

父亲对池说道：“爸爸，我也想让人们这样。”爸爸问我的话是什么意思。“我想当一个象齐格勒先生这样的动员演说者。”我回答道。一个梦想诞生了。

最近，我开始鼓舞他人，努力实现自己的梦想。在此之前的四年里，我在一个拥有100家公司的财团做事，从一个销售培训者做到地区销售经理，在我事业达到颠峰时我离开了这家公司。许多人都十分惊讶，在收入达到六位数时我却选择了离开。他们问我为什么要为了梦想而去冒险。

我是在参加了一次地区销售会议后，才拿定主意离开自己的安全港湾，去开自已的公司的。在那次会议上，我们公司的副总裁做了一次演说，从而改变了我的命运。他问我们：“如果

一个神仙会满足你的三个愿望，那人你将会希望得到什么?”他让我们写下自已的愿望，然后问我们：“为什么你们会需要神仙呢？”在那一刻，我永远也忘不了这句话对我的震憾。

我意识到，我有了毕业证书、成功的销售经验、做过无数演讲，为一家拥有100个公司的财团做过销售培训和管理工作---所有这一切部使我为这一刻做好了准备。我准备好了去成为一名动机演说者，不需要神仙的帮助。

当我眼泪汪汪地告诉老板我的计划时，这个我十分尊重的领导，令人难以置信地答道：“勇往向前吧！你一定能够成功。”

我决意刚定，就遭受了考验，我辞职的一个星期后，丈夫也失业了。我们刚刚买了一座新房子，需要双方的工资来付清每个月的抵押贷款，但现在我们却一分收入也没有了。这时我想回公司去，知道他们仍想要我，可是我知道一旦回去就再也出不来了，我决定继续前进，决不做一个满口“如果”、只说不做的人，一个动机演说者诞生了。

我紧紧追随着我的梦想。甚至在最艰苦的时期也不放弃，然后奇迹果真开始出现。短短的时间内，我丈夫找到了一汾更好的工作，我们没有拖欠任何一个月的抵押贷款，我也开始有新客户预约演说。我发现了梦想不可思议的力量。我热爱我过去的工作、我的同事和我离开的那家公

司，但是，我实现梦想的时机已经成熟了。为了庆祝我的成功、我清当地一位艺术家将我的新办公室漆成了一座花园，在一面墙的顶端，她刷下了这样一句话：“这个世界永远属于追梦的人。”

Chicken Delight

She came,she clucked,she conquered our New York City backyard

By William Grimes

From New York Times

One day in the dead of winter,I looked out my back window and saw a chicken.

It was jet-black with a crimson wattle,and it seemed unaware that it was

in New York City.In classic barnyard fashion,it was scratching,pecking

and clucking.

How it came to a small backyard in Astoria,Queens,remains a matter of

conjecture.The chicken made its first appearance next door,at the home

of a multitude of cabdrivers from Bangladesh.My wife,Nancy,and I figured

they had bought the chicken and were fattening it for a feast.That hypothesis

fell into doubt when the chicken hopped the fence and began pacing the

perimeter of our yard with a proprietary air.

Eating it was out of the question.As a restaurant critic and an animal

lover,I subscribe to a policy of complete hypocrisy.Serve fish or fowl

to me,but don’t ask me to watch the killing.Once I meet it,I don’t want

to eat it.

Nancy and I next theorized that the chicken had escaped from a live-poultry

market about four blocks away and was on the run.Our hearts went out to

the brave little refugee.We had to save it.

Chickens were beginning to sound like the ideal pet.

The chicken took to its new surroundings easily.Its main social task

was to integrate into the cat society—a group of about five strays we feed.

How would the two species deal with each other?

One morning I looked out the window and saw four cats lined up at their

food bowls,and,right in the middle,eating cat food with gusto,was the

chicken.Occasionally it would push a cat aside to get a better position.

The cats,for their part,regarded the chicken warily.To the extent that

it was a bird,it was prey.But big prey.From time to time they would

stalk,press their bodies to the ground,swish their tails and give every

sign of going for the kill.Then they would register the chicken’s size

and become gripped by second thoughts.A face-saving,halfhearted lunge

would follow.

The two sides soon achieved parity.Sometimes,I’d look out back and see

a cat chasing the chicken.Ten minutes later I’d see the chicken chasing

a cat.I like to think they reached the plane of mutual respect.Perhaps

affection.

Although it was nice to know the chicken could eat anything,cat food

didn’t seem right.I called my mother.

Mom drove to the local feed store in La Porte,Texas,and picked up a

25-pound bag of scratch grains,a blend of milo,corn and oats.She began

shipping the grain in installments.The chicken seemed to appreciate the

feed.

Our care paid off.One morning,Nancy spied an egg on the patio.At the

base of the pine tree,where the chicken slept,was a nest containing four

more eggs.They were small,somewhere between ecru and beige,but this

was it.The blessed event.

After I wrote about the chicken in the New York Times,my mail-bag was

bursting with letters offering advice on the proper care and feeding of

chickens.Disturbed that she did not have a name,fans wrote with suggestions.

Vivian had a certain sultry appeal;Henrietta seemed cute.But Henny Penny?

The media jumped in.National Public Radio quizzed me about the chicken

for one of its weekend programs.“My producer wants to know,could you

hold the telephone up to the chicken so we can hear it?”the interviewer

asked.Unfortunately,I don’t have a100-foot cord on my telephone.The

Associated Press sent a photographer to capture the chicken’s many moods.

(She had two.)

Then one morning I looked out my kitchen window,and my heart stopped.

No chicken—not in my pine tree or the tree next door.Nor was she pecking

and scratching in any of the nearby yards.There were no signs of violence,

only a single black feather near the back door.

She was definitely missing.But why?

Spring was in the air.Could she be looking for love?Or perhaps she was

reacting badly to the burdens of celebrity?Or maybe she was simply looking

for a place to lay her eggs in peace.

鸡之乐趣

她来了，咯咯叫，并征服了我们的纽约市的后院

文/威廉?格里姆斯

摘自“纽约时报”

一个严冬的日子，我从后窗往外看，见到一只鸡。它是乌黑色的，带一块深红色的垂肉，似乎没有意识到自己在纽约市。它像在传统的谷仓前的院子里那样抓来抓去，啄来啄去，咯咯地叫着。

它是如何来到昆斯区阿斯多利亚地方的一个小小的后院的呢？这一直都是个不解之谜。这只鸡是在邻居那里初次亮相的，而那是一群孟加拉籍的出租车司机的家。我妻子南希和我猜想是他们买来这只鸡并正在把他喂肥以便吃肉的。不过，当它跳过篱笆开始以主人的姿态在我们的院子四周踱步时，这个猜测就站不住脚了。

吃它是不可能的。集美食家和动物爱好者于一身的我，采取的是一种彻头彻尾的伪君子态度。给我端上鸡鸭鱼肉吧，但是别让我观看宰杀。一旦我看到，我就不想吃了。

南希和我接着怀疑它是从一个大约四栋楼远的活禽市场跑出来的，而且还在继续逃命。我们的心为这个小难民而颤抖。我们必须解救它。

这年头，鸡正开始显得像人们理想的崇物了。

这只鸡很容易就适应了新环境。它的主要社会任务就是把自己溶入他身边的猫的世界——一群我们所养的五只左右无家可归的猫。

一个早晨，我从窗户向外望去，见到四只猫在它们的食物碗前排着队，而就在它们中间，吃得津津有味的却是那只鸡！它偶尔会把一只猫推开，以便获得更好的位置。

猫们则警惕地看着鸡。好像这是一只鸟，是猎物。不过是个大的猎物。有时，它们偷偷接近它，身体贴向地面，嗖嗖地摆动着尾巴，现出要去杀戮的一切迹象。然后，他们要衡量一下鸡的尺寸，于是，行动就被自己的一转念给止住了。随之，就是一阵为省面子的、半心半意的突进动作。

双方很快就达到了平局。有时，我会向后院看，看见一只猫追赶着那只鸡。十分钟后，我又会看到鸡在追猫。我倾向于认为它们已经达到了彼此尊敬的地步。也许是相互吸引的情爱吧？

尽管知道鸡什么都能吃令人感觉不错，但猫食还是显得不那么合适。我叫了我的妈妈。

妈妈开车到了德克萨斯州拉波特市的饲料商店，买来一袋25磅的谷物，那是由蜀黍、玉米和燕麦混合而成的。她开始以分期付款的方式渐渐地把这种谷物运进来。鸡好像很喜欢这饲料。

我们的苦心没有白费。一天早晨，南希发现庭院里有一个鸡蛋。在鸡睡觉的松树底下，有一个窝，那里还有四个蛋。它们很小，淡褐色的，但毕竟是不错的。一件值得庆幸的事。

我在“纽约时报”上发表了关于这只鸡的故事之后，我的信箱就挤满了建议我如何照顾和喂养好鸡的信件。有人因为这鸡没有名字而不安，便写信建议各种名字：“维维安”显得有点激烈，“亨利埃塔”听来很聪明，但是“亨尼?佩尼”呢？

媒体一涌而入。“国家公共电台”把我的鸡安排进了它的一个周末节目里，这下给我出了个难题。“我的制片人想知道这件事，您能不能把电话放到鸡前面，让我们听一听它的动静？”采访者这样问我。不幸的是，我没有一根长达100英尺的电话线。“联合报社”派了一位摄影师，拍下了鸡的很多状态。（她有两只鸡。）

此后的一个早上，我从厨房窗户往外看，心一下子停跳了。没有鸡了——没在我的松树木里，也没在邻居处。也没在附近的任何一家院子里抓抓啄啄。没见到什么暴力的迹象，仅仅在后门处有一根黑色鸡毛。

她肯定是溜走了。但是为什么呢？

春天来了。难道她在寻找爱情？或者，也许她对于成名不堪其负？或者，也许她只是去寻找一个安静的下蛋地方吧

《孙子兵法》是中国历史上的第一部兵书，该书是由春秋时代的大军事家孙武所著述，也是世界上最早的军事专著。《孙子兵法》历来被誉为"兵书圣典"。现在流传于世的版本多以曹操所注的最著名，全书分《计》、《作战》、《谋攻》、《形》、《势》、《虚实》、《军事》、《九变》、《行军》、《地形》、《九地》、《火攻》、《用间》等13篇，大约有6000多字。约公元7世纪，《孙子兵法》传入日本，日本人尊孙武为"武圣"，把他与"儒圣"孔子并列。18世纪以后，《孙子兵法》又被译成英、法、德、俄、捷等多种文字，广为流传。当时横行于欧洲大陆的法国军事统帅拿破仑看到了《孙子兵法》后，爱不释手。并由此对2000多年前中国卓越的军事理论和军事哲学深深钦佩。而在第一次世界大战中遭到失败的德国皇帝，是在事后看到了《孙子兵法》，他痛悔自己晚读了20年。孙武及他的《孙子兵法》彪炳史册，闻名中外，有些国家的军事院校还把《孙子兵法》作为军官学习的必修课程之一。美国的约翰?柯林斯在其出版的《大战略》一书中，称孙武是"古代第一个形成战略的伟大人物"。

Written by great strategist Sun Wu of the Spring and Autumn Period(770-476B.C.),Master Sun's Art of War is the first book on the art of war in the Chinese history and in the world as well.Regarded as the classic scripture on the art of war,the book consists of13pieces of writing with total words of more than6,000.About the7th century the book was introduced to Japan where master Sun was equated with anther great Chinese philosopher Confucius.Since the18th century,Master Sun's Art of War was translated into English,French,German,Russian and Czech languages and was known among many Europeans.French Emperor Napoleon used to be interested in the book and deeply admired China's brilliant military strategies and philosophies2,000years ago.And the German emperor who was defeated in the First World War regretted that he should have read the book20years before.Moreover,Master Sun's Art of War is also the compulsory course for students of some foreign military schools.

O Captain！My Captain！

惠特曼（1819-1892），生于纽约长岛，曾任教员、排字工人、记者等职。1855年出版诗集《草叶集》（Leaves of Grass），最初未获好评。诗人自1856至1891年间不断将《草叶集》修改增订

O Captain!My Captain!Our fearful trip is done,

The ship has weather’d every rack,the prize we sought is won,

The port is near,the bells I hear,the people all exulting,

While follow eyes the steady keel,the vessel grim and daring;

But O heart!heart!heart!

O the bleeding drops of red!

Where on the deck my Captain lies,

Fallen cold and dead.

O Captain!my Captain!rise up and hear the bells;

Rise up-for you the flag is flung-for you the bugle trills,

For you bouquets and ribbon’d wreaths-for you the shores crowding,

For you they call,the swaying mass,their eager faces turing;

Here,Captain!dear father!

This arm beneath your head;

It is some dream that on the deck

You’ve fallen cold and dead.

My Captain does not answer,his lips are pale and still,

My father does not feel my arm,he has no pulse nor will;

The ship is anchor’d safe and sound,its voyage closed and done;

From fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won;

Exult,O shores!and ring,O bells!

But I,with mourful tread,

Walk the deck my captain lies,

Fallen cold and dead.

啊，船长！我的船长！

瓦尔特.惠特曼

啊！般长！我的船长！可怕的航程已完成；

这船历尽风险，企求的目标已达成。

港口在望，钟声响，人们在欢欣。

千万双眼睛注视着船——平稳，勇敢，坚定。

但是痛心啊！痛心！痛心！

瞧一滴滴鲜红的血！

甲板上躺着我的船长，

他倒下去，冰冷，永别。

啊，船长！我的船长！起来吧，倾听钟声；

起来吧，号角为您长鸣，旌旗为您高悬：

迎接您，多少花束花圈——候着您，千万人峰拥岸边；

他们向您高呼，拥来挤去，仰起殷切的脸；

啊，船长！亲爱的父亲！

我的手臂托着您的头！

莫非是一场梦：在甲板上

您倒下去，冰冷，永别。

我的船长不作声，嘴唇惨白，毫不动弹；

我的父亲没感到我的手臂，没有脉搏，没有遗言；

船舶抛锚停下，平安抵达；船程终了；

历经难险返航，夺得胜利目标。

啊，岸上钟声齐鸣，啊，人们一片欢腾！

但是，我在甲板上，在船长身旁，

心悲切，步履沉重；

因为他倒下去，冰冷，永别。

Spring春

Springs are not always the same.In some years,April bursts upon Virginia hills in one prodigious leap–and all the stage is filled at once,whole choruses of tulips,arabesques of forsythia,cadenzas of flowering plum.The trees grow leaves overnight.

In other years,spring tiptoes in.It pauses,overcome by shyness,like my grandchild at the door,peeping in,ducking out of sight,giggling in the hallway.“I know you’re out there,”I cry.“Come in!”And April slips into our arms.

The dogwood bud,pale green,is inlaid with russet markings.Within the perfect cup a score of clustered seeds are nestled.One examines the bud in awe:Where were those seeds a month ago?The apples display their milliner’s scraps of ivory silk,rose-tinged.All the sleeping things wake up–primrose,baby iris,blue phlox.The earth warms–you can smell it,feel it,crumble April in your hands.

Look to the rue anemone,if you will,or the pea patch,or to the stubborn weed that thrusts its shoulders through a city street.This is how it was,is now,and ever shall be,the world without end.In the serene certainty of spring recurring, who can fear the distant fall?

春不总是千篇一律的。有时候，四月一个健步就跃上了弗吉尼亚的小山丘。顿时，整个舞台活跃起来：郁金香们引吭高歌，连翘花翩翩起舞，梅花表演起了独奏。树木也在一夜之间披上了新绿。

有时候，春又悄然来临。它欲前又止，羞涩腼腆，就像我的小孙女，倚在门口，偷偷往里瞅，又一下子跑开了，不见踪影，从门厅传出她咯咯的笑声。我喊一声：“我知道你在那儿，进来吧！”于是四月便倏地一下飞进我们怀中。

山茱蓃的花骨朵儿嫩绿嫩绿的，镶着赤褐色的花边。在那漂亮的花萼里，竟稳稳地簇拥着十几颗小种子。我们不禁要惊羡地问一句：一个月前这些种子还在哪儿呢？苹果树则像卖帽人，向人们展示他帽子上那一片片微带点玫瑰红地乳白色丝缎。所有熟睡的都醒了——樱草花、小蝴蝶花、蓝夹竹桃。大地也暖和起来了——你可以闻到四月的气息，感觉到它那股馨香，把它捧在手中赏玩。

去看看白头翁花，如果你愿意，再去看看豌豆畦，或是那倔强地手臂伸过城市街道的野花。它们从前是这样，现在是这样，将来还会是这样，这是个永不停息的世界。当我们发现，春已切切实实地回来了，在恬静之中，谁还会害怕遥远的秋天呢？

Of Love论爱情

The stage is more beholding to love,than the life of man.For as to the stage,love is ever matter of comedies,and now and then of tragedies;but in life it doth much mischief;sometimes like a siren,sometimes like a fury.

舞台上的爱情生活比生活中的爱情要美好得多。因为在舞台上，爱情只是喜剧和悲剧的素材，而在人生中，爱情却常常招来不幸。它有时象那位诱惑人的魔女(1)，有时又象那位复仇的女神(2)。

You may observe,that amongst all the great and worthy persons(whereof the memory remaineth,either ancient or recent) there is not one,that hath been transported to the mad degree of love:which shows that great spirits,and great business, do keep out this weak passion.You must except,nevertheless,Marcus Antonius,the half partner of the empire of Rome, and Appius Claudius,the decemvir and lawgiver;whereof the former was indeed a voluptuous man,and inordinate;but the latter was an austere and wise man:and therefore it seems(though rarely)that love can find entrance,not only into an open heart,but also into a heart well fortified,if watch be not well kept.

你可以看到，一切真正伟大的人物（无论是古人、今人，只要是其英名永铭于人类记忆中的），没有一个是因爱情而发狂的人。因为伟大的事业只有罗马的安东尼和克劳底亚是例外(3)。前者本性就好色荒淫，然而后者却是严肃多谋的人。这说明爱情不仅会占领开旷坦阔的胸怀，有时也能闯入壁垒森严的心灵----假如手御不严的话。

It is a poor saying of Epicurus,Satis magnum alter alteri theatrum sumus;as if man,made for the contemplation of heaven,and all noble objects,should do nothing but kneel before a little idol,and make himself a subject,though not of the mouth(as beasts are),yet of the eye;which was given him for higher purposes.

埃辟克拉斯(4)曾说过一句笨话：“人生不过是一座大戏台。”似乎本应努力追求高尚事业的人类，却只应象玩偶般地逢场作戏。虽然爱情的奴隶并不同于那班只顾吃喝的禽兽，但毕竟也只是眼目色相的奴隶，而上帝赐人以眼睛本来是有更高尚的用途的。

It is a strange thing,to note the excess of this passion,and how it braves the nature,and value of things,by this;that the speaking in a perpetual hyperbole,is comely in nothing but in love.Neither is it merely in the phrase;for whereas it hath been well said,that the arch-flatterer,with whom all the petty flatterers have intelligence,is a man's self;certainly the lover is more.For there was never proud man thought so absurdly well of himself,as the lover doth of the person loved; and therefore it was well said,That it is impossible to love,and to be wise.Neither doth this weakness appear to others only,and not to the party loved;but to the loved most of all,except the love be reciproque.For it is a true rule,that love is ever rewarded,either with the reciproque,or with an inward and secret contempt.

过度的爱情追求，必然会降低人本身的价值。例如，只有在爱情中，才总是需要那种浮夸陷媚的词令。而在其他场合，同样的词令只能招人耻笑。古人有一句名言：“最大的奉承，人总是留给自己的。”----只有对情人的奉承要算例外。因为甚至最骄傲的人，也甘愿在情人面前自轻自贱。所以古人说得好：“就是神在爱情中也难保持聪明。”情人的这种弱点不仅在外人眼中是明显的，就是在被追求者的眼中也会很明显----除非她（他）也在追求他（她）。所以，爱情的代价就是如此，不能得到回爱，就会得到一种深藏于心的轻蔑，这是一条永真的定律。

By how much the more,men ought to beware of this passion,which loseth not only other things,but itself!As for the other losses,the poet's relation doth well figure them:that he that preferred Helena,quitted the gifts of Juno and Pallas. For whosoever esteemeth too much of amorous affection,quitteth both riches and wisdom.

This passion hath his floods,in very times of weakness;which are great prosperity,and great adversity;though this latter hath been less observed:both which times kindle love,and make it more fervent,and therefore show it to be the child of folly.They do best,who if they cannot but admit love,yet make it keep quarters;and sever it wholly from their serious affairs,and actions,of life;for if it check once with business,it troubleth men's fortunes,and maketh men,that they can no ways be true to their own ends.

由此可见，人们应当十分警惕这种感情。因为它不但会使人丧失其他，而且可以使人丧失自己本身。甚至其他方面的损失，古诗人早告诉我们，那追求海伦的人，是放弃了财富和智慧的(5).....。

I know not how,but martial men are given to love:I think,it is but as they are given to wine;for perils commonly ask to be paid in pleasures.

我不懂是什么缘故，使许多军人更容易堕入情网，也许这正象他们嗜爱饮酒一样，是因为危险的生活更需要欢乐的补偿。

There is in man's nature,a secret inclination and motion,towards love of others,which if it be not spent upon some one or a few,doth naturally spread itself towards many,and maketh men become humane and charitable;as it is seen sometime in friars.

人心中可能普遍具有一种博爱倾向，若不集中于某个专一的对象身上，就必然施之于更广泛的大众，使他成为仁善的人，象有的僧侣那样。

Nuptial love maketh mankind;friendly love perfecteth it;but wanton love corrupteth,and embaseth it.

夫妻的爱，使人类繁衍。朋友的爱，给人以帮助。但那荒淫纵欲的爱，却只会使人堕落毁灭啊！

附注：

(1)古希腊神话，传说地中海有魔女，歌喉动听，诱使过往船只陷入险境。

(2)原文为“Flries”，传说中的地狱之神。

(3)安东尼，恺撒部将。后因迷恋女色而战败被杀。克劳底亚，古罗马执政官，亦因好色而被杀。

(4)埃辟克拉斯（前342--前270年），古罗马哲学家。

(5)古希腊神话，传说天后赫拉，智慧之神密纳发和美神维纳斯，为争夺金苹果，请特洛伊王子评

判。三神各许一愿，密纳发许以智慧，维纳斯许以美女海伦，天后许以财富。结果王子把金

苹果给了维纳斯。

SHALL WE CHOOSE DEATH?我们该选择死亡吗？

Bertrand Russell

December30,1954

I am speaking not as a Briton,not as a European,not as a member of a western democracy,but as a human being,a member of the species Man,whose continued existence is in doubt.The world is full of conflicts:Jews and Arabs; Indians and Pakistanis;white men and Negroes in Africa;and,overshadowing all minor conflicts,the titanic struggle between communism and anticommunism.

Almost everybody who is politically conscious has strong feelings about one or more of these issues;but I want you,if you can,to set aside such feelings for the moment and consider yourself only as a member of a biological species which has had a remarkable history and whose disappearance none of us can desire.I shall try to say no single word which should appeal to one group rather than to another.All,equally,are in peril,and,if the peril is understood,there is hope that they may collectively avert it.We have to learn to think in a new way.We have to learn to ask ourselves not what steps can be taken to give military victory to whatever group we prefer,for there no longer are such steps.The question we have to ask ourselves is:What steps can be taken to prevent a military contest of which the issue must be disastrous to all sides?

The general public,and even many men in positions of authority,have not realized what would be involved in a war with hydrogen bombs.The general public still thinks in terms of the obliteration of cities.It is understood that the new bombs are more powerful than the old and that,while one atomic bomb could obliterate Hiroshima,one hydrogen bomb could obliterate the largest cities such as London,New York,and Moscow.No doubt in a hydrogen-bomb war great cities would be obliterated.But this is one of the minor disasters that would have to be faced.If everybody in London,New York,and Moscow were exterminated,the world might,in the course of a few centuries,recover from the blow.But we now know,especially since the Bikini test,that hydrogen bombs can gradually spread destruction over a much wider area than had been supposed.It is stated on very good authority that a bomb can now be manufactured which will be25,000 times as powerful as that which destroyed Hiroshima.Such a bomb,if exploded near the ground or under water,sends radioactive particles into the upper air.They sink gradually and reach the surface of the earth in the form of a deadly dust or rain.It was this dust which infected the Japanese fishermen and their catch of fish although they were outside what American experts believed to be the danger zone.No one knows how widely such lethal radioactive particles might be diffused,but the best authorities are unanimous in saying that a war with hydrogen bombs is quite likely to put an end to the human race.It is feared that if many hydrogen bombs are used there will be universal death-sudden only for a fortunate minority,but for the majority a slow torture of disease and disintegration...

Here,then,is the problem which I present to you,stark and dreadful and inescapable:Shall we put an end to the human race1or shall mankind renounce war?People will not face this alternative because it is so difficult to abolish war.The abolition of war will demand distasteful limitations of national sovereignty.But what perhaps impedes understanding of the situation more than anything else is that the term'mankind'feels vague and abstract.People scarcely realize in imagination that the danger is to themselves and their children and their grandchildren,and not only to a dimly apprehended humanity'And so they hope that perhaps war may be allowed to continue provided modern weapons are prohibited.I am afraid this hope is illusory.Whatever agreements not to use hydrogen bombs had been reached in time of peace,they would no longer be considered binding in time of war,and both sides would set to work to manufacture hydrogen bombs as soon as war broke out,for if one side manufactured the bombs and the other did not,the side that manufactured them would inevitably be victorious...

As geological time is reckoned,Man has so far existed only for a very short period one million years at the most.What he has achieved,especially during the last6,000years,is something utterly new in the history of the Cosmos,so far at least as we are acquainted with it.For countless ages the sun rose and set,the moon waxed and waned,the stars shone in the night,but it was only with the coming of Man that these things were understood.In the great world of astronomy and in the little world of the atom,Man has unveiled secrets which might have been thought undiscoverable.In art and literature and religion,some men have shown a sublimity of feeling which makes the species worth preserving.Is all this to end in trivial horror because so few are able to think of Man rather than of this or that group of men?Is our race so destitute of wisdom,so incapable of impartial love,so blind even to the simplest dictates of self-preservation,that the last proof of its silly cleverness is to be the extermination of all life on our planet?-for it will be not only men who will perish,but also the animals,whom no one can accuse of communism or anticommunism.

I cannot believe that this is to be the end.I would have men forget their quarrels for a moment and reflect that,if they will allow themselves to survive,there is every reason to expect the triumphs of the future to exceed immeasurably the triumphs of the past.There lies before us,if we choose,continual progress in happiness,knowledge,and wisdom.Shall we,instead,choose death,because we cannot forget our quarrels?I appeal,as a human being to human beings:remember your humanity,and forget the rest.If you can do so,the way lies open to a new Paradise;if you cannot,nothing lies before you but universal death.

我不是作为一个英国人、一个欧洲人、一个西方民主国家的一员，而是作为一个人，作为不知是否还能继续生存下去的人类的一员在讲演。世界充满了争斗：犹太人和阿拉伯人；印度人和巴勒斯坦人；非洲的白人和黑人；以及使所有的小冲突都相形见绌的共产主义和反共产主义之间的大搏斗。

差不多每个有政治意识的人都对这类问题怀有强烈的感受；但是我希望你们，如果你们能够的话，把这份感受暂搁一边，并把自己只看作一种具有非凡历史、谁也不希望它灭亡的生物的一员。可能会迎合一群人而冷落另一群人的词语，我将努力一个字都不说。所有的人，不分彼此，都处在危险之中；如果大家都看到了这种危险，那么就有希望联合起来避开它。我们必须学习新的思想方法。我们必须学习不自问能采取什么措施来使我们所喜欢的人群获得军事上的胜利，因为不再有这样的措施。我们必须自问的问题是：能采取什么措施来避免必然会给各方造成灾难的军事竞赛？

普通群众，甚至许多当权人士，不清楚一场氢弹战所包含的会是什么。普通群众仍旧从城市的毁灭上思考问题。不言而喻，新炸弹比旧炸弹更具威力——一颗原弹能毁灭广岛，而一颗氢弹能毁灭像伦敦、纽约和菲斯科这样的大都市。毫无疑问，一场氢弹战将会毁灭大城市。但这只是世界必须面对的小灾难中的一个。假如化敦人、纽约人和莫斯科人都灭绝了，世界可能要经过几个世纪才能从这场灾难中恢复过来。而我们现在，尤其是从比基尼核试验以来很清楚：氢弹能够逐渐把破坏力扩散到一个比预料要广大得多的地区。据非常权威的人士说，现在能够制造出一种炸弹，其威力比毁灭广岛的炸弹大2.5万倍。这种炸弹如果在近地或水下爆炸，会把放射性微粒送入高层大气。这些微粒逐渐降落，呈有毒灰尘或毒雨的状态到达地球表面。正是这种灰尘使日本渔民和他们所捕获的鱼受到了感染，尽管他们并不在美国专家所确认的危险区之内。没有人知道这种致命的放射性微粒怎么会传播得这么广，但是这个领域的最高权威一致表示：一场氢弹战差不多就是灭绝人类的代名词。如果许多氢弹被使用，死神恐怕就会降临全球——只有少数幸运者才会突然死亡，大多数人却须忍受疾病和解体的慢性折磨……

这里，我要向你提起一个直率的、令人不快而又无法回避的问题：我们该消灭人类，还是人类该抛弃战争？人们不愿面对这个抉择，因为消灭战争太难了。消灭战争要求限制国家主权，这令人反感。然而“人类”这个专门名词给人们的感觉是模糊、抽象的，它可能比任何其他东西都更容易妨碍认识这种形势。人们几乎没有用自己的想象力去认识这种危险不仅指向他们所模模糊糊理解的人类，而且指向他们自己和他们的子子孙孙。于是他们相信只要禁止使用现代武器，也许可以允许战争继续下去。恐怕这个愿望只是幻想。任何不使用氢弹的协定是在和平时期达成的，在战争时期这种协定就被认为是没有约束力的，一旦战争爆发，双方就会着手制造氢弹，因为如果一方制造氢弹而另一方不造的话，造氢弹的一方必然会取胜……

按照地质年代来计算，人类到目前为止只存在了一个极短的时期——最多100万年。在至少就我们所了解的宇宙而言，人类在特别是最近6000年里所达到的认识，在宇宙史上是一些全新的东西。太阳升升落落，月亮盈盈亏亏，夜空星光闪烁，无数岁月就这样过去了，只是到人类出现以后，这些才被理解。在天文学的宏观世界和原子的微观世界，人类揭示了原先可能认为无法提示的秘密。在艺术、文学和宗教领域里，一些人显示了一种崇高的感情，它使人们懂得人类是值得保全的。难道因为很少有人能考虑整个人类多于这个或那个人群，这一切就会在毫无价值的恐怖行动中结束吗？人类是否如此缺少智慧，如此缺少无私的爱，如此盲目，甚至连自我保存的最简单命令都听不见，以致要用灭绝地球上的所有生命来最后证明它那缺乏理智的小聪明？——因为不驻人会被消灭，而且动物也会被消灭，没有人能指责它们是共产主义或反共产主义。

我无法相信结局会是这样。人们如果想让自己生存下去，他们就应暂时忘掉争吵，进行反省，人们有千万条理由期待未来的成就极大地超过以往的成就，如果让我们选择，那么擂在我们面前的有幸福、知识和智慧的持续增长。我们能因为无法忘掉争吵而舍此去选择死亡吗？作为一个人，我向所有的人呼吁：记住你们的人性，忘掉其余的一切。如果你们能这样做，通向一个新的天堂的路就畅通无阻；如果你们做不到这一点，摆在你们面前的就只有全世界的毁灭